Epidemiology Commons^™

Efektivitas Penyuluhan Individual Dan Kelompok Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Berkonsep 3r (Studi Kasus Di Kelurahan Abadijaya Kota Depok Tahun 2018), Erin Firliana, Zakianis Zakianis

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. The problem of increasing amount of waste is due to the lack of understanding and public awareness about household waste management using the 3R concept. Counseling is a health education activity carried out by disseminating information and instilling confidence to improve the knowledge, attitude, and behavior concerning household waste management using the 3R concept. The goal of this study is to find out which of the following counseling methods between individual counseling or group counseling is more effective at improving the value of average knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards household waste management using the 3R concept in Kelurahan Abadijaya, …

Hubungan Konsentrasi Kadar Debu Pm10 Dengan Kejadian Gejala Ispa (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) Pada Pekerja Proyek Konstruksi X Di Depok Tahun 2018, Andi Putri Fildzana Dwi Annisa F, Umar Fahmi Achmadi

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. The condition of a construction project which full of workers, with their 8 hours of working time and the number of vehicles carrying building materials in and out to the site causing the workers to be susceptible to affected Acute Respiratory Infection Symptom due to exposure to PM10 continuously. Based on this research, the author raised the issue of the association between PM10 dust level concentration with the case of Acute Respiratory Infection symptom in construction project workers in Depok. Methods. This research uses Cross Sectional study by taking samples from 100 respondents. Results. The average PM10 measurement result …

Hubungan Higiene Sanitasi Makanan Jajanan Dengan Kontaminasi Escherichia Coli Pada Makanan Jajanan Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Medan Satria Dan Kecamatan Jati Asih, Kota Bekasi Tahun 2018, Alifah Syafriyani, I Made Djaja

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Snack is a source of nutrition for children in school. However, special snack foods sold in elementary schools are not always safe, and are also susceptible to contamination with Escherichia coli. Methods. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the relationship of primary school children's snacks sanitation in Medan Satria and Jati Asih Subdistricts, Bekasi City with E.coli contamination in snacks using Cross Sectional design. Results. The results showed that 16.4% (10 samples) snack were contaminated with E. coli. Based on the chi square test, there was significant association between hygiene sanitation of raw materials (OR = 6,150), hygiene …

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Penggunaan Pestisida Dan Nilai Risiko (Rq) Pada Petani Cabai, Kubis, Dan Kentang Di Kecamatan Cikajang, Rizqy Fauzi, Suyud Warno Utomo

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Pesticides used by farmers to protect crops from pests. The use of pesticides is influenced by the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of farmers. Residues of pesticide active ingredient can survive on objects plant and agricultural environments. Exposure to pesticides to farmers and consumers raises the risk of health problems. Forecast risk of health problems can be detected by RQ value. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of pesticide use and risk of health problems in farmers. The research was conducted in the Cikajang, Garut. Field sampling and interviews conducted pesticide use in gardens …

Hubungan Pajanan Pm2.5 Terhadap Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (Ppok) Pada Pekerja Di Pintu Gerbang Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Tahun 2018, Muhamad Riski, Budi Haryanto

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Workers at the Port of Tanjung Priok gate are at risk of exposure to PM2.5 generated from vehicles and capable of causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to identify the relationship between PM2,5 with the incidence of COPD on workers at the Gate. Methods. The design of this study was cross sectional with a sample of 75 workers. PM2.5 measurements are done at 30 points at the gate. As for the identification of COPD events using spirometry and questionnaire tests. The variables in this study were PM2,5 concentration, age, nutritional status, disease history, exercise habit, heavy …

Winners And Losers In The American Political Debates Of The Nation’S Health: An Ethical And Moral Dilemma, Dr. Sheila P. Davis

Journal of Health Ethics

The third and final issue of the Online Journal of Health Ethics for 2020 presents two poignant articles that are rankled with current health ethics and moral issues as the world races to a resolve for the COVID pandemic. There appears to be no easy, quick-fix solutions to the pandemic that has claimed over 1.11 million lives worldwide in this first wave. The Gellert article addresses his view of the U.S. government’s political response and the Gunn article presents an ethical perspective of the emerging promised vaccine to halt the virus.

An Epidemiological View Of The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election: Covid-19 And The Ethics Of Science Denial, George A. Gellert Md, Mph, Mpa

Journal of Health Ethics

COVID-19 is exploiting U.S. political and cultural polarization in the first presidential election to be driven by epidemiology and public health. Medical science is on the ballot as Americans’ views on economic re-opening fracture according to party affiliation. The difference between pro aggressive versus incremental re-opening, mask wearing and social distancing is rooted in respect for, or denial of, the science of epidemiological pandemic disease control. Political leaders at multiple levels, and in particular the president, have politicized the wearing of face masks and so intentionally obscured and misinformed the public regarding the objectively and scientifically proven value of these …

Covid-19 Contact Tracing Apps: How They Notify Users Of Potential Exposure, William A. Mattingly

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Considerations For A Covid-19 Research Data Warehouse In The Time Of Covid, William A. Mattingly

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Covid-19 Burden, Epidemiology And Mitigation Strategies In Muslim Majority Countries, Rachel Jardine, James Wright, Zainab Samad, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Section of Cardiology

Background: Muslim majority countries have experienced a considerable burden of COVID-19 infection. However, there has been a relative lack of research comparing COVID-19 outbreaks and responses between Muslim-majority countries.
Aims: This study aimed to analyse COVID-19 burden, epidemiology and mitigation strategies in Muslim-majority countries.
Methods: We use a mixed-methods approach to describe the course of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the Islamic world, highlight the range of non-pharmaceutical interventions used and the speed with which they were implemented, and investigate reasons behind the differing responses between Muslim-majority countries. The number of cases and deaths per million population, and the mean time …

Three Decades Of Research: The Case For Comprehensive Sex Education, Eva Goldfarb, Lisa D. Lieberman

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose

School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education.

Methods

Researchers searched the ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. The research team identified papers meeting the systematic literature review criteria. Of 8,058 relevant articles, 218 met specific review criteria. More than 80% focused solely on pregnancy and disease prevention and were excluded, leaving …

Covid-19 Treatment Resource Disparities And Social Disadvantage In New York City, Jason A. Douglas, Andrew M. Subica

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Black and Hispanic communities in the U.S. have endured a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Racial and ethnic health disparities such as these are frequently aggravated by inequitable access to healthcare resources in disadvantaged communities. Yet, no known studies have investigated disadvantaged communities' access to COVID-19-related healthcare resources. The current study accordingly examined racial and ethnic differences in (1) April 2020 COVID-19 total and positive viral test rates across 177 New York City (NYC) ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA); and (2) November 2019–April 2020 licensed and intensive care unit (ICU) hospital bed access across 194 NYC ZCTAs. Pairwise …

The Role Of Rapid Diagnostic Point Of Care Igg/Igm Antibody Tests In The Diagnosis Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Nishita Tripathi, Daniya Sheikh, Dawn Balcom

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Current testing of symptomatic patients for SARS-CoV-2 involves the use of nucleic acid amplification tests, also known as genetic, RNA, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to detect viral RNA. The initial use of point of care (POC) antibody tests, also known as serological tests, in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection was limited. In this review, we determine the significance of POC antibody serological tests and explore their possible role in the diagnosis and management of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase, supplemented by searching the Centers for …

Burden Of Injury Along The Development Spectrum: Associations Between The Socio-Demographic Index And Disability-Adjusted Life Year Estimates From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Juanita A. Haagsma, Spencer L. James, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox, Erin B. Hamilton, Zichen Liu, Lydia R. Lucchesi, Nicholas L S. Roberts, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates.
Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of …

Gender-Based Violence During The 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic: New Challenges And Adaptations At Haguruka, Asia Korkmaz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Haguruka is a Rwandan NGO founded in 1991 that works to ensure Rwandan women and youth’s access to their legal rights. In addition to providing free legal aid, Haguruka runs educational and capacity building programs across the country to combat gender-based violence (GBV).1 When the Rwandan government instituted lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in January of 2020, many of Haguruka’s programs were no longer feasible under the new guidelines. Additionally, emerging research has shown that incidents of GBV have increased globally due to policies to combat COVID-19.2 Rwanda is no exception. Through a desk review, …

Optimal Pregnancy Outcomes And Subsequent Postnatal Development, Maria Sevoyan

Theses and Dissertations

Optimal pregnancy outcomes and subsequent postnatal development in childhood are important contributors for health in adulthood. Some contributors to pregnancy outcomes include interpregnancy interval (IPI) and gestational age. Postnatal growth patterns also contribute to neurodevelopment and metabolic health outcomes later in life.

Several systematic reviews consistently show that short and long IPIs are associated with increased risk of subsequent adverse perinatal outcomes. Recent studies demonstrate that previously observed consistent positive associations between short and long IPIs and adverse perinatal outcomes might be due to unmeasured confounding rather than the length of the IPI. We used the National Institute of Child …

Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Patients With Covid-19, Mohammed Abbas, Rafik Elbeblawy, Islam Gadelmoula, Suvarna Rekha, Bettina Sinanova, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory illness, a growing number of studies reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among these patients. We examined the incidence of GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and GI symptoms as the initial presentation of the disease.

Methods: We examined peer-reviewed studies in English of patients with COVID-19 that reported GI symptoms. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published up to June 30, 2020, by using the keywords ``COVID-19,'' ``Coronavirus,'' ``severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,'', ``SARS-CoV-2,'' ``gastrointestinal tract,'' ``gastrointestinal diseases,'' and ``gastrointestinal symptoms and signs.'' Studies with fewer than 30 …

Plasma Proteins That May Cause Parkinson’S Disease And Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study, Brigid A. Staley

Dissertations and Theses

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are progressively disabling neurologic disorders that profoundly affect quality of life and shorten life expectancy. There is no cure for either disease, and current treatments only alleviate symptoms and may cause serious side effects. The causes of MS and PD are not well understood. Previous epidemiologic studies have documented numerous environmental risk factors for both diseases. However, these studies are inherently prone to bias from confounding which may generate spurious results. The lack of unbiased evidence on environmental causes of MS and PD has been a critical barrier to fully understanding their pathophysiology. …

Identification Of Plasma Glycosphingolipids As Potential Biomarkers For Prostate Cancer (Pca) Status, Ashley J. Snider, Michael C. Seeds, Laurel Johnstone, Justin M. Snider, Brian Hallmark, Rahul Dutta, Cristina Moraga Franco, John S. Parks, Jeannette T. Bensen, Corey D. Broeckling, James L. Mohler, Gary J. Smith, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, Hui Kuan Lin, William Bresette, Susan Sergeant, Floyd H. Chilton

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in United States men. Controversy continues over the effectiveness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for distinguishing aggressive from indolent PCa. There is a critical need for more specific and sensitive biomarkers to detect and distinguish low-versus high-risk PCa cases. Discovery metabolomics were performed utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) on plasma samples from 159 men with treatment naïve prostate cancer participating in the North Carolina-Louisiana PCa Project to determine if there were metabolites associated with aggressive PCa. Thirty-five identifiable plasma small molecules were …

Healthcare Utilisation And Expenditure Patterns For Cardio-Metabolic Diseases In South Asian Cities: The Carrs Study, Priti Gupta, Kalpana Singh, Roopa Shivashankar, Kavita Singh, Ajay Vamadevan, V Mohan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Nikhil Tandon, K M. Narayan, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammed K. Ali

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To estimate average annual expenditures per person, total economic burden and distress health financing associated with the treatment of five cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs-hypertension, diabetes, heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure), stroke and chronic kidney disease) in three metropolitan cities in South Asia.
Design: Cross-sectional surveys.
Setting: We analysed community-based baseline data from the Centre for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) Study collected in 2010-2011 representing Chennai and New Delhi (India), and Karachi (Pakistan).
Participants: We used data from non-pregnant adults (≥20 years) from the aforementioned cities that responded to a cost-of-illness questionnaire. We estimated health …