Epidemiology Commons^™

Analysis Of Measles Vaccination Refusal On Social Media (Facebook) Among Anti-Vaccine Communities In Indonesia, Dwi Meilani, Evi Martha, Hadi Pratomo, Indah Jamiatun Hasanah, Somporn Rungreangkulkij

Kesmas

Measles is one of the main causes of global mortality in the under-fives. The existence of groups that reject immunization caused a decrease in immunization coverage. Anti-vaccine messages are widely delivered on social media. Identification of vaccine rejection behavior can be used as the basis to formulate effective program strategies. The design of this study used rapid assessment procedures (RAP). The informants were from two anti-vaccine communities in the Facebook group. In-depth interviews and observations were done for data collection, and data analysis was performed using the Framework Method. The results found that determinants, such as knowledge, beliefs in health …

Parity And Marital Status As Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use Among Adolescents In Indonesia, Anni Fithriyatul Mas'udah, Terry Yr Pristya, Sulistyo Andarmoyo

Kesmas

Adolescent pregnancy has a higher health risk compared to adult pregnancy. One approach to control pregnancy among adolescents is through contraceptive use. The data on contraceptive use has increased in 2018 and is still controversial among adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to determine the factors encou - rag ing the use of contraceptives among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relation of parity and marital status on contraceptive use among adolescents. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was adolescents aged 15–19 years in Indonesia. The total sample of 936 adolescents was selected from …

Low Knowledge And Unawareness Of The Health Promotion As The Determinant Factors In Non-Compliance To The Mass Drug Administration Program, Nissa Noor Annashr, Icca Stella Amalia, Hoa Thi Phuong Dinh

Kesmas

From the total population of the community in Kuningan District, 78.61% were taking filariasis drugs in the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program in 2017. Cilimus Subdistrict became a filariasis-endemic area in Kuningan with 72.39% of the MDA program coverage in 2017 (government target >86%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of compliance with the MDA program. The study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design and conducted from May to June 2018. The sample of 106 people was taken from the population living in Cilimus Subdistrict, Kuningan District, using a simple random sampling technique. …

Patterns And Determinants Of Open Defecation Among Urban People, Vera Yulyani, Christin Angelina Febriani, Shaharuddin Ms, Dessy Hermawan

Kesmas

At the present time, an estimated of 673 million people defecate in the open space, not in private. Indonesia is a densely populated country with a lot of open defecation (OD) both in urban (37%) and rural areas (43%). Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict is an area in Bandar Lampung City with the highest percentage of OD practice (45%). This study aimed to explore and explain the patterns and determinants of OD among urban people in the Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict in- volving 377 respondents for quantitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using the chi square and regression analysis. After controlling …

Risk Perception For Developing Erectile Dysfunction Among Malaysian Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Anuar Mohamad, Hizlinda Tohid, Saharuddin Ahmad, Seng Fah Tong, Mahadir Ahmad

Kesmas

Risk perception for developing erectile dysfunction (ED) is an appreciation of the susceptibility to having ED and its severity. This study examined this risk perception and its associated factors among 180 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who claimed not to have ED. This cross sectional study was conducted at a public health clinic using a validated self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant characteristics, perceived susceptibility to developing ED, perceived severity of ED, and knowledge on risk factors for ED. About 71.1% had an inaccurate perception of susceptibility to developing ED and their perception on its severity was moderate (median …

Determinants Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Of Female Healthcare Workers In Jakarta, Indonesia, Siti Rapingah, Nova Muhani, Besral Besral, Poppy Yuniar

Kesmas

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that mothers worldwide exclusively breastfeed their infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Indonesia had not fulfilled the global standard of breastfeeding rate so that there was low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in East Jakarta, especially for female healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices of healthcare workers. This was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The recruited sample consisted of 85 female public health center workers with infants aged 6-24 months. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic …

Evaluation Of Added Sugar And Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption By University Students, Çağdaş Salih Meric, Nurcan Yabanci Ayhan, Hacı Ömer Yilmaz

Kesmas

Today, increased intake of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages is seen today as an important factor in the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, obesity-related diabetes, and coronary heart diseases. This study involved 214 university students from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics of Ankara University, Faculty of Health Science, which was intended to evaluate the consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages. The frequency of student consumption of beverages and the quantities and amounts of sugar taken with beverages were questioned. The average total amount of sugar added to drinks by the students was 4.69 ± 6.35 gram, while …

Lack Of Association Of The Abo Blood Group With Covid-19 Risk And Severity In Hospitalized Patients In Louisville, Ky, Rafael Fernandez-Botran, Meredith Cahill, Raghava S. Ambadapoodi, Evelyn Exposito Gonzalez, Stephen P. Furmanek, Ruth Carrico, Jose Bordon, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: The potential association of the ABO blood group with the risk of COVID-19 and its severity has attracted a lot of interest since the start of the pandemic. While a number of studies have reported an increased risk associated with blood type A and a reduced risk with type O, other studies have did not found a significant effect. This study aimed to define the prevalence of different ABO blood groups in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Louisville, KY area and to investigate whether an association exists between the blood group and disease severity.

Methods: This was a retrospective …

Maternal Dietary Quality, Inflammatory Potential And Childhood Adiposity: An Individual Participant Data Pooled Analysis Of Seven European Cohorts In The Alphabet Consortium, Ling-Wei Chen, Adrien M. Aubert, Nitin Shivappa, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Aisling A. Geraghty, John Mehegan, Matthew Suderman, Kinga Polanska, Wojciech Hanke, Agnieszka Jankowska, Caroline L. Relton, Sarah R. Crozier, Nicholas C. Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Mark Hanson, Keith M. Godfrey, Romy Gaillard, Liesbeth Duijts, Barbara Heude, James Hébert Scd, Fionnuala M. Mcauliffe, Cecily Kelleher, Catherine M. Phillips

Faculty Publications

Background

Mounting evidence suggests that maternal diet influences pregnancy and birth outcomes, but its contribution to the global epidemic of childhood obesity has not as yet been definitively characterized. We investigated whether maternal whole diet quality and inflammatory potential influence childhood adiposity.

Methods

We harmonized and pooled individual participant data from 16,295 mother-child pairs in seven European birth cohorts. Maternal pre-, early-, late-, and whole-pregnancy (any time during pregnancy) dietary quality and inflammatory potential assessed with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) score, respectively. Primary outcome was childhood overweight and obesity …

Whole-Exome Sequencing And Hipsc Cardiomyocyte Models Identify Myrip, Trappc11, And Slc27a6 Of Potential Importance To Left Ventricular Hypertrophy In An African Ancestry Population, Marguerite R. Irvin, Praful Aggarwal, Steven A. Claas, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Anh N. Do, C. Charles Gu, Andrea Matter, Benjamin S. Olson, Amit Patki, Karen Schwander, Joshua D. Smith, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Hemant K. Tiwari, Amy J. Turner, Deborah A. Nickerson, Dabeeru C. Rao, Ulrich Broeckel, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Indices of left ventricular (LV) structure and geometry represent useful intermediate phenotypes related to LV hypertrophy (LVH), a predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) outcomes.

Methods and Results: We conducted an exome-wide association study of LV mass (LVM) adjusted to height^2.7, LV internal diastolic dimension (LVIDD), and relative wall thickness (RWT) among 1,364 participants of African ancestry (AAs) in the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN). Both single-variant and gene-based sequence kernel association tests were performed to examine whether common and rare coding variants contribute to variation in echocardiographic traits in AAs. We then used a data-driven …

Sars-Cov-2 Early Infection Signature Identified Potential Key Infection Mechanisms And Drug Targets, Yue Li, Ashley Duche, Michael R. Sayer, Don Roosan, Farid G. Khalafalla, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Jennifer Totonchy, Moom Roosan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused devastating mortality and posed a significant threat to public health worldwide. Despite the severity of this illness and 2.3 million worldwide deaths, the disease mechanism is mostly unknown. Previous studies that characterized differential gene expression due to SARS-CoV-2 infection lacked robust validation. Although vaccines are now available, effective treatment options are still out of reach.

Results

To characterize the transcriptional activity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a gene signature consisting of 25 genes was generated using a publicly available RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset of cultured cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. The signature estimated infection level accurately in …

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, And Population Health Concepts, Allison R. Casola, Phd, Mph, Mches

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Overview

Study Designs

• Overview

Epidemiology and Biostatistics

• Vocabulary Review
• Reliability, Variability, and Bias
• Diagnostic Testing and Measures of Association

Population Health

• Evidence Based Medicine
• Interpreting and Evaluating Literature
• Clinical Decision Making

Meeting Minutes, Wku Council Of Academic Deans

Council of Academic Deans

Meeting regarding graduate fair, commencement, enrollment, accreditation, zoom connect classroom and fifth week assessment.

A Surrogate Frax Model For Pakistan, G Naureen, H Johansson, Romaina Iqbal, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib Khan, Masood Umer, E Liu, L Vandenput, M Lorentzon, N C. Harvey, E V. Mccloskey, J A. Kanis

Community Health Sciences

A surrogate FRAX® model for Pakistan has been constructed using age-specific hip fracture rates for Indians living in Singapore and age-specific mortality rates from Pakistan.
Introduction: FRAX models are frequently requested for countries with little or no data on the incidence of hip fracture. In such circumstances, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation have recommended the development of a surrogate FRAX model, based on country-specific mortality data but using fracture data from a country, usually within the region, where fracture rates are considered to be representative of the index country.
Objective: This paper describes the development …

Antimicrobial Resistance And Covid-19: Intersections And Implications, Gwenan M. Knight, Rebecca E. Glover, C Finn Mcquaid, Ioana D. Olaru, Karin Gallandat, Quentin J. Leclerc, Naomi M. Fuller, Sam J. Willcocks, Rumina Hasan, Esther Van Kleef, Clare Ir Chandler

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Before the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was among the top priorities for global public health. Already a complex challenge, AMR now needs to be addressed in a changing healthcare landscape. Here, we analyse how changes due to COVID-19 in terms of antimicrobial usage, infection prevention, and health systems affect the emergence, transmission, and burden of AMR. Increased hand hygiene, decreased international travel, and decreased elective hospital procedures may reduce AMR pathogen selection and spread in the short term. However, the opposite effects may be seen if antibiotics are more widely used as standard healthcare pathways break …

A Comparative Analysis Of The Knowledge And Stigmatizing Attitude Of Ghanaians And Nigerians Towards Covid-19 Survivors, Emmanuel Lamptey, Dorcas Serwaa, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Theckla Ikome Ms, Nkechi Odogwu

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Introduction: In Africa, COVID-19 associated stigmatization still remains the contextual factor that poses a challenge for the mitigation and suppression of COVID-19 spread, especially among the illiterate populations. This comparative study was therefore conducted to assess the knowledge and willingness of Ghanaians and Nigerians to associate with COVID-19 survivors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information from 290 Ghanaian and 220 Nigerian nationals aged 18 years and above between 11th July-30th October 2020. An electronic-based questionnaire was developed to collect information on the public. The data were analyzed with SPSS v 22 and factors influencing knowledge and willingness …

Aberrant Azin2 And Polyamine Metabolism Precipitates Tau Neuropathology, Leslie A. Sandusky-Beltran, Andrii Kovalenko, Devon S. Placides, Kevin Ratnasamy, Chao Ma, Jerry B. Hunt, Huimin Liang, John Ivan T. Calahatian, Camilla Michalski, Margaret Fahnestock, Laura J. Blair, April L. Darling, Jeremy D. Baker, Sarah N. Fontaine, Chad A. Dickey, Joshua J. Gamsby, Kevin R. Nash, Erin L. Abner, Maj-Linda B. Selenica, Daniel C. Lee

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Tauopathies display a spectrum of phenotypes from cognitive to affective behavioral impairments; however, mechanisms promoting tau pathology and how tau elicits behavioral impairment remain unclear. We report a unique interaction between polyamine metabolism, behavioral impairment, and tau fate. Polyamines are ubiquitous aliphatic molecules that support neuronal function, axonal integrity, and cognitive processing. Transient increases in polyamine metabolism hallmark the cell’s response to various insults, known as the polyamine stress response (PSR). Dysregulation of gene transcripts associated with polyamine metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains were observed, and we found that ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2) increased to …

Mapping The Literature On Health Literacy Related To Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scientometric Analysis, Rozeen Shaukat, Nusrat Ali, Muhammad Asif Naveed

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study intended to carry out a scientometric analysis of the literature on health literacy related to Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic to determine its periodic growth, publication format dispersion, core journals, authorship patterns, geographic origin, keywords patterns, and core institutions. Two general bibliographic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science were searched using keywords such as ‘health literacy, health education, health communication, health promotion, combining with Covid-19 using AND to identify related citations. The data set of 620 citations were analyzed and visualized for several bibliographic characteristics using ScientoPy and VOSviewer. The results revealed that there is a phenomenal …

Dietary Quality And Dietary Inflammatory Potential During Pregnancy And Offspring Emotional And Behavioral Symptoms In Childhood: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Four European Cohorts, Kinga Polanska, Pawel Kaluzny, Adrien M. Aubert, Liesbeth Duijts, Hanan El Marroun, Wojciech Hanke, James R. Hébert, Barbara Heude, Agnieszka Jankowska, Giulia Mancano, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Caroline Relton, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Matthew Suderman, Elzbieta Trafalska, Ewelina Wesolowska, Raquel Garcia-Esteban, Mònica Guxens, Maribel Casas, Catherine M. Phillips

Faculty Publications

Background

The impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment is of public health and clinical relevance. We evaluated the associations of dietary quality based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and dietary inflammatory potential based on the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) score during pregnancy with emotional and behavioral symptoms of offspring at 7 to 10 years of age.

Methods

Individual participant data for 11,870 mother–child pairs from four European cohorts participating in the ALPHABET project were analyzed. Maternal antenatal DASH and E-DII scores were generated from self-completed food frequency questionnaires. Symptoms of depression …

Differences In Rapid Increases In County-Level Covid-19 Incidence By Implementation Of Statewide Closures And Mask Mandates — United States, June 1–September 30, 2020, Sharoda Dasgupta, Ahmed M. Kassem, Gregory Sunshine, Tiebin Liu, Charles Rose, Gloria J. Kang, Rachel Silver, Brandy L.Peterson Maddox, Christina Watson, Mara Howard-Williams, Maxim Gakh, Russell Mccord, Regen Weber, Kelly Fletcher, Trieste Musial, Michael A. Tynan, Rachel Hulkower, Amanda Moreland, Dawn Pepin, Lisa Landsman, Amanda Brown, Siobhan Gilchrist, Catherine Clodfelter, Michael Williams, Ryan Cramer, Alexa Limeres, Adebola Popoola, Sebnem Dugmeoglu, Julia Shelburne

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background and Objective: Community mitigation strategies could help reduce COVID-19 incidence, but there are few studies that explore associations nationally and by urbanicity. In a national county-level analysis, we examined the probability of being identified as a county with rapidly increasing COVID-19 incidence (rapid riser identification) during the summer of 2020 by implementation of mitigation policies prior to the summer, overall and by urbanicity. Methods: We analyzed county-level data on rapid riser identification during June 1–September 30, 2020 and statewide closures and statewide mask mandates starting March 19 (obtained from state government websites). Poisson regression models with robust standard error …