Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Pharmacogenomic Precision Medicine: Best Practice Toolkit For Improving Patient Screening For Adult Metastatic Cancer Patients, Rena L. Stewart

Student Scholarly Projects

Precision medicine utilizes pharmacogenomic testing as a therapeutic approach. Genomic testing can assess the impact of an individual's genome on their reaction to specific medications. The main objective is to find variants that may affect an individual's response to a given medication. The implementation of pharmacogenomics in oncology facilitates informed decision-making by clinicians in drug selection and dosage determination.

The Implications Of Ferroptosis In Antibiotic Resistance, Marysol Hohl

Senior Honors Theses

Bacterial infections in the United States are becoming increasingly resistant to existing antibiotic treatments. Due to projected increases in resistance and the recent decrease in novel antibacterials, experts have determined that the United States is in the “post-antibiotic era.” The scientific community has failed to resolve resistance despite the continual discovery of new antibiotic compounds. In the past decade, a novel form of cell death called ferroptosis has been implicated in antibiotic treatment by employing the use of nanotechnology. This literature review will describe the problem of bacterial resistance and demonstrate how current research is pioneering a new age of …

Dietary Analysis For Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis: An Integrative Review, Evan Thompson, Alison Hultquist

Master of Science in Nursing Final Projects

Abstract

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) is the leading cause of primary hypothyroidism in the United States. In HT, there is an infiltration by lymphocytes which leads to the production of autoantibodies against the thyroid gland. Throughout this integrative review, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and dietary management as adjunct treatments in HT. The purpose was to assist primary care providers in the development of a more holistic plan of care. Literature published within the past seven years was gathered and reviewed from PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Findings indicate that many patients with HT may benefit …

Moving Beyond The 2018 Minimum International Care Considerations For Osteoporosis Management In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Dmd): Meeting Report From The 3rd International Muscle-Bone Interactions Meeting 7th And 14th November 2022, Kim Phung, Nicola Crabtree, Anne M. Connolly, Pat Furlong, Eric P. Hoffman, Stefan A. Jackowski, Soher Nagi Jayash, Alex Johnson, Khaldoun Koujok, Craig F. Munns, Erik Niks, Frank Rauch, Rachel Schrader, Cathy Turner, Elizabeth Vroom, David R. Weber, Brenda L. Wong, Michela Guglieri, Leanne M. Ward, Sze Choong Wong

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

This current manuscript summarizes the proceedings of the “Third Muscle-bone interactions in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Symposium: Moving Beyond the 2018 Minimum International Standards of Care for Osteoporosis Management”, an event co-organized by the World Duchenne Organization (www.worldduchenne.org) and the International Conference on Children’s Bone Health (www.theiscbh.org). This virtual symposium, held on November 7th and 14th 2022, brought together a total of 385 delegates representing 55 countries registered for the symposium, which included 239 clinicians, 70 researchers, 40 patient representatives and others from pharmaceutical companies and regulators. This symposium aimed to review the evidence base that informed the 2018 international minimum …

Dynamic Changes In Methadone Utilisation For Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Retrospective Observational Study During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Amy L. Kennalley, Jessica L. Fanelli, John A. Furst, Nicholas J. Mynarski, Margaret A. Jarvis, Stephanie D. Nicholas, Kenneth L. Mccall, Brian J. Piper

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the USA, resulting in high rates of overdose and other negative outcomes. Methadone, an OUD treatment, has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of overdose and improving overall health and quality of life. This study analysed the distribution of methadone for the treatment of OUD across the USA over the past decade and through the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Retrospective observational study using secondary data analysis of the Drug Enforcement Administration and Medicaid Databases. Setting: USA. Participants: Patients who were dispensed methadone at US opioid treatment …

Erythrocyte–Brain Endothelial Interactions Induce Microglial Responses And Cerebral Microhemorrhages In Vivo, Hai Zhang, Rachita K. Sumbria, Rudy Chang, Jiahong Sun, David H. Cribbs, Todd C. Holmes, Mark J. Fisher, Xiangmin Xu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) are associated with stroke, cognitive decline, and normal aging. Our previous study shows that the interaction between oxidatively stressed red blood cells (RBC) and cerebral endothelium may underlie CMH development. However, the real-time examination of altered RBC–brain endothelial interactions in vivo, and their relationship with clearance of stalled RBC, microglial responses, and CMH development, has not been reported.

Methods

RBC were oxidatively stressed using tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), fluorescently labeled and injected into adult Tie2-GFP mice. In vivo two-photon imaging and ex vivo confocal microscopy were used to evaluate the temporal profile of RBC–brain endothelial interactions associated with …

Therapeutics To Treat Psychiatric And Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective From Algerian Traditional Medicine, Farida Larit, Francisco León Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 …

The Therapeutic Potential Of Nelumbo Nucifera: A Comprehensive Review Of Its Phytochemistry And Medicinal Properties, Sparsh Bhat, Suresh Joghee, Meenakshi S. Iyer

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Nelumbo nucifera generally known as ‘sacred lotus’ is a plant with high medicinal value in traditional medicine system especially in Chinese medicine system which is having a wide distribution worldwide in Asian, Western European, American and Australian continent. All the parts of the plant have different medicinal value, as their extract contains various valuable chemical constituents which yield desired remedial effects against many diseases. The plant is used traditionally more compared to its commercial usage. It has also been used for dental and skin care products in many herbal formulations. In this review, data about its general description, its distribution, …

Primary Care Intervention: Medication Reconciliation Reduces Rehospitalizations, Dianna Twombly

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Patients are put at risk for adverse medications events when diligent care is not taken by healthcare staff. Medication discrepancies and oversights from medical personal can lead to severe illness or even death of a patient.

PICOT: The PICOT question for this project is: For patients 65 years and older (P) does a review of a hard copy of discharge instructions (I)compared to current practice during a visit, (C) impact the number of hospital readmission (O)in eight weeks (T)?

Evidence: Medication reconciliation at each point of care, patient education on medication management, and involving patients in their own …

Early Life Exposure To Broccoli Sprouts Confers Stronger Protection Against Enterocolitis Development In An Immunological Mouse Model Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Lola Holcomb, Johanna M. Holman, Molly Hurd, Brigitte Lavoie, Louisa Colucci, Benjamin Hunt, Timothy Hunt, Marissa Kinney, Jahnavi Pathak, Gary M. Mawe, Peter L. Moses, Emma Perry, Allesandra Stratigakis, Tao Zhang, Grace Chen, Suzanne L. Ishaq, Yanyan Li

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a presentation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that manifests in childhood and adolescence and involves chronic and severe enterocolitis, immune and gut microbial dysregulation, and other complications. Diet and gut-microbiota-produced metabolites are sources of anti-inflammatories that could ameliorate symptoms. However, questions remain on how IBD influences biogeographic patterns of microbial location and function in the gut, how early life transitional gut communities are affected by IBD and diet interventions, and how disruption to biogeography alters disease mediation by diet components or microbial metabolites. Many studies on diet and IBD use a chemically induced ulcerative colitis model, …

Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Possess A Second Cilium That Arises From The Daughter Centriole, Karthikeyan Thirugnanam, Ankan Gupta, Francisco Nunez, Shubhangi Prabhudesai, Amy Y. Pan, Surya M. Nauli, Ramani Ramchandran

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia from the brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are specialized cell-surface organelles involved in mediating sensory perception, cell signaling, and vascular stability. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of human primary brain microvascular ECs reveals two cilia per cell. To confirm the in vitro observation of the two-cilia phenotype in human primary brain ECs, ECs isolated from mouse brain were cultured and stained for cilium. Indeed, brain ECs from a ciliopathic mouse (polycystic kidney disease or Pkd2−/−) also possess more than one cilium. Primary cilium emerges from the mother centriole. Centriole analysis by IF suggests that in brain ECs, markers …

Repurposing Egfr Inhibitors For Oral Cancer Pain And Opioid Tolerance, Maria Daniela Santi, Morgan Zhang, Naijiang Liu, Chi T Viet, Tongxin Xie, Dane D Jensen, Moran Amit, Huilin Pan, Yi Ye

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oral cancer pain remains a significant public health concern. Despite the development of improved treatments, pain continues to be a debilitating clinical feature of the disease, leading to reduced oral mobility and diminished quality of life. Opioids are the gold standard treatment for moderate-to-severe oral cancer pain; however, chronic opioid administration leads to hyperalgesia, tolerance, and dependence. The aim of this review is to present accumulating evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, often dysregulated in cancer, is also an emerging signaling pathway critically involved in pain and opioid tolerance. We presented preclinical and clinical data to demonstrate how …

Interprofessional Health Fairs: An Effective Tool For Interprofessional Education?, Caleb Holloway, Ashley Barbo, Bryan Donald, Min Jee Kim

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether interprofessional health fairs have a significant impact on the interprofessional education of students in health care disciplines.

Methods: An optional survey was administered to students participating in the health fairs in 2021 and 2022. The survey utilized four retrospective pre and post ICCAS assessment questions to address IPEC core competencies and two open ended questions to provide feedback about the health fair and report anything new learned from or about another health care discipline. The self-assessment questions were reported on a 5-point Likert scale and recorded in aggregate for both …

Cgm Use With Interprofessional Therapy Management Improves Hba1c Levels In T2dm Patients, Stephen R. Hill, Courtney Robertson, Teri B. O'Neal, Sonia Garner

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease state with increased complications over time from uncontrolled glucose. Significant data has shown benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients, but a lack of robust evidence is seen in T2DM. This study assessed the impact of short-term CGM placement on HbA1c levels in T2DM.

Objectives

The primary outcome was the change in baseline HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM up to six months after CGM placement. Secondary outcomes assessed intensification of diabetes medications made by an interprofessional team …

Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia Causes Rapid-Onset Ocular Surface Damage, Judy Weng, Christopher Ross, Jacob Baker, Saleh Alfuraih, Kiumars Shamloo, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: The metabolic alterations due to chronic hyperglycemia are well-known to cause diabetes-associated complications. Short-term hyperglycemia has also been shown to cause many acute changes, including hemodynamic alterations and osmotic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether diabetes-associated hyperglycemia can cause rapid-onset detrimental effects on the tear film, goblet cells, and glycocalyx and can lead to activation of an inflammatory cascade or cellular stress response in the cornea.

Methods: Mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were used. Tear film volume, goblet cell number, and corneal glycocalyx area were measured on …

Quantification Of Observable Behaviors Following Oral Administration Of Oxycodone And Nalfurafine In Male Rhesus Monkeys, Sally L. Huskinson, Donna M. Platt, Zachary R. Smith, William S. Doyle, C. Austin Zamarripa, Kristen Dunaway, Thomas E. Prisinzano, Kevin B. Freeman

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Recent preclinical studies have investigated the atypical kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, nalfurafine, as a co-formulary with mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists as a potential deterrent for misuse. However, no study has investigated effects of nalfurafine combined with a MOR agonist using an oral route of administration. The objective of the current study was to measure behavioral effects of orally administered oxycodone and nalfurafine, alone and combined, in rhesus monkeys using a quantitative behavioral observation procedure.

METHODS: Adult male rhesus monkeys (N=5) were orally administered vehicle, oxycodone (0.56-1.8mg/kg), nalfurafine (0.001-0.0056mg/kg), or mixtures (1.0mg/kg oxycodone/0.001-0.0056mg/kg nalfurafine) in a Jell-O vehicle at multiple …

Demonstrating The Benefits Of Antihypertensive Nighttime Dosing And Indapamide Usage In Hypertension Management, Jonathon S. Newsome

Pharmacy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension, specifically nocturnal hypertension, increases the risk for significant clinical outcomes. Evidence on the use of nighttime antihypertensives is scant and conflicting. In addition, hydrochlorothiazide continues to be the primary thiazide used despite being the least potent. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate instituting nighttime dosing to control hypertension and compare the short-term effectiveness of blood pressure control with indapamide versus hydrochlorothiazide. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. Participant inclusion criteria consisted of patients 18 years of age or older, a current diagnosis of hypertension, and hypertension that required medical therapy. The investigator …

Tigit Contributes To The Regulation Of 4-1bb And Does Not Define Nk Cell Dysfunction In Glioblastoma, Kyle B. Lupo, Sandra Torregrosa-Allen, Bennett D. Elzey, Sagar Utturkar, Nadia A. Lanman, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Veronika Silvova, Mackenzie Mcintosh, Karen E. Pollok, Sandro Matosevic

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

TIGIT is a receptor on human natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we report that TIGIT does not spontaneously induce inhibition of NK cells in glioblastoma (GBM), but rather acts as a decoy-like receptor, by usurping binding partners and regulating expression of NK activating ligands and receptors. Our data show that in GBM patients, one of the underpinnings of unresponsiveness to TIGIT blockade is that by targeting TIGIT, NK cells do not lose an inhibitory signal, but gains the potential for new interactions with other, shared, TIGIT ligands. Therefore, TIGIT does not define NK cell dysfunction in GBM. Further, in GBM, …

The Effect Of An Electric Current On Human Body (A Review), Yasir Khaleel Almusawi, Maha Raad Hashim Al-Sammarraie, Mukaram D. Shikara

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), four people are killed every week by electrocution in the last decade, while 3% of people (suffering from electrical injuries) were admitted to emergency wards. The severity of electric injury depends on the electrical resistance of the human body, which depends on several factors such as the long duration of electric contact, type of the current (AC or DC), intensity of the current (amperes/voltages), sites of entry and exit points, wet or dry body, individual metabolism of the person, sweat gland activity, human body mass, type of tissue it travels through and its …

Biological Activity Of Rats Treated With Riboflavin In Polymeric Plga As Injectable Form, Sarah A. Hamood, Jabar A. Faraj, Ziad T. Al-Dahan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

The current study aims to optimize a fast, reproducible, reliable, and effective technique for estimating the biological activity of Vitamin B2 in injectable dose form using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). A biodegradable polymer, PLGA (Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50:50 type, approved as an active ingredient for parenteral administration, was used to load the vitamin in the injection volume of 1mg. Rats, both male and female, were employed as the animal models. Each animal was hosted for a duration of 40 days, and the activity of vitamin B2 was monitored at rapid intervals over six weeks using an HPLC device on …