Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Thiol Specific Fluorogenic Agents For Live Cell Subcellular Organelle Thiol Imaging, Yahya Alqahtani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thiols or sulfhydryl groups (-SH) play a significant role in protein structures and functions. The unique properties of a thiol group are the basis for its roles in cellular functions. Structurally, thiols are divided into protein thiols (PSH) and non-protein thiols (NPSH). NPSH include glutathione, cysteine, and homocysteine. Thiols are distributed in an uneven manner in the cell and subcellular organelles. Disturbance of thiol levels has been associated with serious diseases such as cancer, aging, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer disease, liver damage, and edema. The significant roles of thiols in the biological system have stimulated the development of various approaches to …

Long-Acting Intraductal Drug Delivery Systems For The Breast, Mibin Joseph

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the US. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a premalignant lesion that has not metastasized through the regional lymph nodes to other organs. Currently, all breast cancers including localized breast cancers are treated with the same aggressive therapy. Localized drug delivery by direct intraductal injections into the mammary ducts can achieve high drug concentration at the target site. However, poor retention of drugs in the ducts limits the successful translation of this approach to the clinic. To this end, the main goal of this dissertation is to develop …

Effect Of Rurality On Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations In A Small Acute Care Hospital In Jackson County, Indiana, Lindsey Ridlen

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Patient access to healthcare can be a potentially significant barrier to overall health outcomes, especially when paired with a costly and complex disease state such as diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus living in rural areas of Jackson County experience greater health disparity and more diabetes-related hospitalizations than those living in non-rural areas. The study was conducted at Schneck Medical Center in Seymour, Indiana. A total of 164 patients were included in the final analysis based on the presence of a diabetes-related diagnosis code in the patient’s chart; of these, …

Comparison Of Patient Outcomes In A Pharmacist-Led Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program, Zachary Howe

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Purpose: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a therapeutic option meant to conserve healthcare resources when treating infections requiring the administration of IV antibiotics over a prolonged treatment course. In November 2016 at Franciscan Alliance Indianapolis, a dedicated pharmacist was hired to build a formal OPAT program for all patients discharged on IV antimicrobials under the care of the infectious disease physician group. The number of “good catch” events observed since the program’s formal inception has encouraged the creation of this study designed to examine the impact of this program on patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods: This was a …

Preparation And Characterization Of Multimodal Hybrid Organic And Inorganic Nanocrystals Of Camptothecin And Gold, Christin P. Hollis, Alan K. Dozier, Barbara L. Knutson, Tonglei Li

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

We demonstrate a novel inorganic-organic crystalline nanoconstruct, where gold atoms were imbedded in the crystal lattices as defects of camptothecin nanocrystals, suggesting its potential use as simultaneous agents for cancer therapy and bioimaging. The incorporation of gold, a potential computed tomography (CT) contrast agent, in the nanocrystals of camptothecin was detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometers (ICP-OES). Due to gold's high attenuation coefficient, only a relatively small amount needs to be present in order to create a good noise-to-contrast ratio in CT imaging. The imbedded …

Methods To Quantify Nanomaterial Association With, And Distribution Across, The Blood-Brain Barrier In Vivo, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The role and functional anatomy of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is summarized to enable the investigator to appropriately address evaluation of nanomaterial interaction with, and distribution across, it into brain tissue (parenchyma). Transport mechanisms across the BBB are presented, in relation to nanomaterial physicochemical properties. Measures and test substances to assess BBB integrity/disruption/permeation are introduced, along with how they are used to interpret the results obtained with the presented methods. Experimental pitfalls and misinterpretation of results of studies of brain nanomaterial uptake are briefly summarized, that can be avoided with the methods presented in this chapter. Two methods are presented. …

Synthesis And Novel Applications Of Cerium Dioxide, Rafaela Cristina De Carvalho

Doctoral

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using a novel precipitation procedure and their function explored in a range of applications. The impact of different factors on CeO2 NPs synthesis including temperature and reactant concentration were evaluated experimentally and optimised. The resulting nanoparticles (with an average size of 35 nm) was then characterised by a range of physical and spectroscopic techniques including dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm measurement, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A new nanoparticle synthetic route, the “frozen NH4(OH) cubes method”, was developed, resulting in a …

Actionable Patient Safety Solutions (Apss) #6: Hand-Off Communications, Steven Barker, Nick Adams, Misti B. Baskett, Victoria Baskett, Michael Becker, Michel Bennett, Laressa Bethishou, Mike Ramsay, Jeff Dunn, Hisham El-Bayar, William Floyd, Frank Gencorelli, Christina Hazekamp, Kristy Blomquist, Edwin Loftin, Ariana Longley, Jacob Lopez, David Lubarsky, Pete Melrose, Brent Nibarger, Karen Rehling, Patricia Roth, Kris Stegner, Laura Townsend

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Hand-off communications, or hand-off processes, involve the transition of care as well as the transfer of patient-specific information by one healthcare professional to another with the purpose of providing a patient with safe, continuous care. A successful hand-off can only be achieved by effective communication.

At Risk Alcohol Consumption With Smoking By National Background: Results From The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Frank C. Bandiera, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Folefac Atem, Raul Caetano, Denise C. Vidot, Marc D. Gellman, Elena L. Navas-Nacher, Jianwen Cai, Gregory Talavera, Neil Schneiderman, Robert Kaplan

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: Tobacco smoking and binge or excess drinking are unhealthy behaviors that frequently co-occur. Studies of Hispanics/Latinos have mostly been of Mexican Americans although there are substantial differences in smoking and drinking by heritage background. Associated with co-use by 5 subpopulations.

Methods: Cross-sectional data of 16,412 Hispanics/Latinos from Miami, the Bronx, Chicago and San Diego collected between 2008 and 2011 as part of the HCHS/SOL were analyzed. Smoking and alcohol consumption and demographic data were measured by self-report. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption and co-use were reported. Logistic regression models examined the odds of co-use of smoking and binge …

Comparing Methods For Clinical Investigator Site Inspection Selection: A Comparison Of Site Selection Methods Of Investigators In Clinical Trials, Nicholas Hein, Elena Rantou, Paul Schuette

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Background During the past two decades, the number and complexity of clinical trials have risen dramatically increasing the difficulty of choosing sites for inspection. FDA’s resources are limited and so sites should be chosen with care.

Purpose To determine if data mining techniques and/or unsupervised statistical monitoring can assist with the process of identifying potential clinical sites for inspection.

Methods Five summary-level clinical site datasets from four new drug applications (NDA) and one biologics license application (BLA), where the FDA had performed or had planned site inspections, were used. The num- ber of sites inspected and the results of the …

Phytochemical Investigation And Drug Interaction Potential Of Cyanotis Vaga, Ibrahim Almarabi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cyanotis. vaga (Lour.) Schult, & Schult. f. (C. vaga) previously called Tradescantia vaga and Cyanotis barbata, is a perennial herb. It is native to Eastern Asia and Tropical Africa. It has been reported that its decoction reduces fever and enhances well-being. Recently, C. vaga has been used widely for its anabolic effects, due to its richness of ecdysteroids. Even though C. vaga is a commedicinal plant (dietary supplement), there are no reports about its effect on the drug metabolizing enzyme Cytochromes P450 to predict its interaction with concomitantly used medications. In this study, eight ecdysteroids were isolated …

Cheminformatic Approach For Deconvolution Of Active Compounds In A Complex Mixture - Phytoserms In Licorice, Manal Mohammad Alhusban

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT After the validation of our in silico models by using the previous knowledge in this area the alerting phytochemicals from two Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra and G. uralensis) were clustered. Exhaustive computational mining of licorice metabolome against selected endocrinal and metabolic targets led to the discovery of a unique class of compounds which belong to the dihydrostilbenoids (DHS) class appended with prenyl groups at various positions. To the best of our knowledge this interesting group of compounds has not been studied for their estrogenic activities or PXR activation. In addition some of the bis-prenylated DHS have been reported to …

Comparative Characteristics Of Antibacterial Activity Of Plants Growing In The Central Part Of The Republic Of Tajikistan., Saidbeg Satorov, F. Mirzoeva, Sh. Satorov, M. Vakhidova, Vyacheslav Dushenkov

Publications and Research

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of antibacterial activity of plants growing in the central part of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Methods: The antibacterial properties of 18 plant species from the 14 families were studied. The extract samples on dry filter discs were prepared according to the method developed at Rutgers University. Screens-to-Nature (STN) and disc diffusion (DD) methods were used to assess antimicrobial properties of the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was determined against four types of pathogenic standard museum strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as …

Localized Transdermal Delivery Of Chemopreventive Agents To The Breast, Abdulsalam Alqahtani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. About 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. The current systemic approaches are associated with significant side effects including some life-threatening toxicity, leading to poor patient compliance. To overcome this limitation, localized transdermal drug delivery system was investigated in the current study. In addition, majority of breast cancers originate from the ducts and lobules in the breast. Therefore, localized transdermal drug delivery system can maximize drug concentration in the breast and minimize systemic adverse effects, resulting in a potential approach for preventing and/or treating …

Fabrication Of Topical Film Forming Polymeric Solution For Pain Management, Maha Hani Alkurdi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

FFS were developed by varying the type and content of the film forming polymer. The resulting formulations were evaluated according to favorable film characteristics in vitro and ex vivo drug release profiles. Eudragit E100 was identified as a suitable release matrix for ketoprofen. In the case of diclofenac Na; however the ex vivo permeation study results failed to show a characteristic release profile for either the test formulation or the marketed formulation VOLTAREN® Gel. Nevertheless the presented work provided a rationalized way for the development and evaluation of FFS and investigated their potential as delivery systems for ketoprofen and diclofenac …

In-Situ Gel Of Cyclosporine A – Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Topical Occular Delivery For Dry Eye Disease, Samir Shyambabu Senapati

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cyclosporine (CSA) is a highly potent immunosuppressant drug and has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, organ rejection post-transplant, and chronic dry eye disease. The objective of this investigation was to increase the CSA residence time on the ocular surface using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and its in-situ gel formulation (CSA-SLN-IG), for treatment of dry eye disease. CSA loaded SLNs (CSA-SLN) were prepared with the homogenization method, using Precirol ® ATO 5 as a solid lipid and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Prepared SLNs were optimized based on particle size, zeta potential (ZP), PDI, assay and stability. …

Globalization Of Clinical Research And Assessment Of Global Access To Treatments Approved Between 2006-2015, Rafael Duncan Escandon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Globalization in clinical research and development has increased since the 1990s. Products approved in the United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU) include increasing numbers of research participants from low- and middle-income countries. The purposes of this quantitative correlational study were to investigate the lag time, or drug lag, between U.S. approval and the approval of selected drugs in all countries that hosted their pivotal clinical trials. The study population was limited to products approved first in the U.S. between 2006 and 2015. The health capability model and research for health justice framework were the theoretical frameworks for the study. …

Regulatory Gaps In Drug Compounding: Implications For Patient Safety, Innovation, And Fraud, Joanna Shepherd

Faculty Articles

Drug compounding is the practice of mixing, combining, or altering drug ingredients to create a product that meets the medical needs of a patient whose needs cannot otherwise be met with commercially-available products. Compounding is essential for patients that are allergic to certain ingredients or cannot tolerate the route of administration or dosage form of a commercially-available drug. Compounding may also enable pharmacists to supply medications when there is a shortage of commercially-available drugs. For example, amid the nationwide shortage of generic liquid Tamiflu and growing flu deaths in early 2018, pharmacists around the country used Tamiflu capsules to compound …

การประเมินผลการใช้เครื่องมือวัดคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการรักษาด้วยยาร่วมกับการบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรมสำหรับผู้ป่วยนอก, อชิรญา บุตรดาน้อย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์: ประเมินผลของการใช้แบบสอบถาม PROMPT ในการให้บริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม ในด้านการสื่อสารเรื่องคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการใช้ยาระหว่างเภสัชกรและผู้ป่วย การค้นหาปัญหาจากการใช้ยา การติดตามผลการแก้ไขปัญหาจากการใช้ยา ความร่วมมือในการใช้ยา การเปลี่ยนแปลงแนวทางการรักษาผู้ป่วยของแพทย์ และคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการใช้ยา วิธีการวิจัย: การทดลองแบบสุ่มที่มีกลุ่มควบคุม ในผู้ป่วยนอกจำนวน 315 คน ที่เข้ารับการรักษาที่โรงพยาบาลสมุทรปราการระหว่างเดือนสิงหาคม 2561 ถึง กุมภาพันธ์ 2562 แบ่งผู้ป่วยเป็น 2 กลุ่มคือ กลุ่มมาตรฐาน (กลุ่มที่ไม่ใช้แบบสอบถาม PROMPT ในการบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม) และกลุ่มศึกษา (กลุ่มที่ใช้แบบสอบถาม PROMPT ในการบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม) โดยมีการเก็บข้อมูลจำนวน 2 ครั้ง คือ ก่อนการแทรกแซกและหลังการแทรกแซงเมื่อผู้ป่วยมาพบแพทย์ในครั้งถัดไป ผลการวิจัย: คะแนนการสื่อสารของผู้ป่วยทั้ง 2 กลุ่ม มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p < 0.001) กลุ่มศึกษาพบปัญหาจากการใช้ยามากกว่ากลุ่มมาตรฐาน (p<0.05) และมีคะแนน คุณภาพชีวิตด้านการใช้ยาดีขึ้นอย่างมีนัยส าคัญทางสถิติเมื่อเทียบกับกลุ่มมาตรฐาน (p<0.01) สรุปผลการวิจัย: การให้บริบาลทางเภสัชกรรมโดยใช้แบบสอบถาม PROMPT ช่วยเพิ่มการ สื่อสารเรื่องคุณภาพชีวิตการใช้ยาระหว่างผู้ป่วยกับเภสัชกร และช่วยให้คุณภาพชิวิตด้านการใช้ยาของ ผู้ป่วยดีขึ้นได้

Application Of Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Technique In Content Uniformity Monitoring Of 5 Mg Amlodipine Tablets During Compression, Nattaporn Poltem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs) technique was used to quantitatively analyzed 5 mg amlodipine tablets. The aim of this study was to develop calibration model by NIRs technique to accurately determine content uniformity of amlodipine tablets during commercial scale production. Amlodipine tablets were initially manufactured in laboratory scale to generate calibration model with concentrations ranging from 80% to 120% labeled amount using NIRs analysis with spectral range of 4000 –10000 cm-1. Results were compared with reference High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. Best near-infrared spectral preprocessing were obtained by utilizing Savitzgy-Golay 1st Derivative treatment followed by Standard Normal Variate (SNV) to improve data …