Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of Sex Hormones On Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression In Tissues Related To Drug Disposition, Jieyun Cao

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Proton- and sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs (SLC16A) and SMCTs (SLC5A)) transport monocarboxylates such as ketone bodies, lactate and pyruvate, as well as drugs such as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. CD147 acts as an ancillary protein for MCT1 and MCT4, and is involved in membrane trafficking. Previously, it has been shown that MCT expression changes under different sex hormone conditions in skeletal muscle and Sertoli cells. However, it is unknown if MCTs, SMCTs or CD147 demonstrate sex differences in tissues where they play an important role in drug disposition. Monocarboxylate transporter substrates GHB and valproic acid have demonstrated sex differences in pharmacokinetic profiles. …

I3: Isomerization Of Isomer Ions, Krisztián Gabor Torma

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy is a robust tool for elucidating complex unimolecular dissociation mechanisms and for determining thermochemical and kinetic data of gas-phase ion dissociations with high accuracy. In this work, the dissociative photoionization of two sets of isomeric systems were analyzed with PEPICO: 1) C7H7+ ions of toluene (Tol) and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (CHT), and 2) two butyl alcohol isomers, 1-butanol and isobutanol. Threshold dissociative photoionization data on these four molecules of interest were collected on the imaging PEPICO apparatus at the VUV beamline of the Swiss Light Source. Data analysis was aided by ab initio calculations and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) …

Targeting Maladaptive Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury To Prevent The Development Of Autonomic Dysreflexia, Khalid C. Eldahan

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Vital autonomic and cardiovascular functions are susceptible to dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI), with cardiovascular dysregulation contributing to morbidity and mortality in the SCI population. Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a condition that develops after injury to the sixth thoracic spinal segment or higher and is characterized by potentially dangerous and volatile surges in arterial pressure often accompanied with irregular heart rate, headache, sweating, flushing of the skin, and nasal congestion. These symptoms occur in response to abnormal outflow of sympathetic activity from the decentralized spinal cord typically triggered by noxious, yet unperceived nociceptive stimulation beneath the level of lesion. …

Evaluation Of An Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program In A Specialty Clinic Setting, Elizabeth Hauk

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Introduction: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has gained popularity since its first description in 1974. At Community Health Network (CHN), the OPAT clinic was developed three years ago by an ambulatory care clinical pharmacist and includes pharmacist driven monitoring for all patients receiving OPAT. The pharmacist ensures labs are drawn weekly to assess for renal or hepatic function changes, medication levels are drawn and adjusted as needed, and repeat labs and levels are ordered to continue assessing therapy. There have not been any studies to date to investigate CHN’s OPAT program both demographically and clinically.

Objectives: The primary objective of …

Development Of Reimbursement Model Forhome-Based Chemotherapy In Thailand, Nattanichcha Kulthanachairojana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of the study were (1) to review on HC reimbursement model in other countries (2) to conduct economic evaluation comparing HC with inpatient chemotherapy and hospital-based chemotherapy treatment (IP) from a societal perspective (3) to develop national models and financing and reimbursing of HC services in Thailand. Literature review and semi-structured interviews as the mixed methods had been applied for data collection. The characteristic of HC and reimbursement policies for public payer and service delivery were obtained from eight countries: Australia, Canada (Ontario), England, France, Japan, Korea, Singapore and the United States (US) (Medicare Part B). A cost-utility …

Mixture Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids For Protein Precipitation In Purification Process Of Equine Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin As F(Ab′)2, Sirisak Sathorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Besides the widely used caprylic acid (C8) as protein precipitating agent, capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) were investigated as alternative medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) for their capabilities on protein purification. The optimization process conducted with normal bovine plasma as a model antibody demonstrated the essential effect of temperature during filtration to significantly reduce the content of albumin, a contaminant marker, compared with filtration at room temperature (p<0.05). From SDS-PAGE analysis, the optimal concentrations of 3% C8 and 5% C10 increased IgG purity from 30.2% to 94.6% and 80.4%, respectively. Interestingly, precipitation by C10 provided the lowest turbidity of filtrates. Purification by C12 showed unsatisfied results that albumin content was minutely decreased when increasing C12 concentration. C8 and C10 were then variously combined into 2 levels of 3% and 5% binary mixture for plasma purification. The synergist effect of C8 and C10 mixtures was clearly demonstrated in albumin elimination that the purity of fractionates were increased to 95%. Moreover, binary mixtures with higher concentration of C10 improved the filtration velocity in plasma model. Selected C8:C10 mixtures were then applied for both ERIG-IgG and ERIG-F(ab′)2 purification. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the absence of albumin protein in all purified samples. For ERIG-IgG purification, C8:C10 mixture at ratio 1.5:3.5 demonstrated the best in homogeneity with high recovery rate of bioactive antibody, while the mixtures at 2.25:0.75 showed the best purification capabilities to obtain highly purified ERIG-F(ab′)2. Furthermore, the purification by C8:C10 mixtures displayed superior process characteristic than the commercially non-chromatographic technique for ERIGF(ab′)2 purification in terms of antibody recovery, purity and lower in aggregate formation. The novelty on beneficial use of MCFA mixture as protein precipitating agent for antibody purification has been demonstrated.

The Motivations And Perceived Benefits Of Student Participation In Dance Marathon, Emily Nettesheim

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The Children’s Miracle Network Dance Marathon movement has attracted over one million college students nationwide and fundraised over $38 million in 2017. The objective of this study was to determine student motivations and perceptions of the benefits of participation in Dance Marathon. This was a quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study administered using an online survey software. Undergraduate students from three different Indiana programs were invited to participate. The survey consisted of 20 questions divided into four categories: demographics, what is Dance Marathon participation, motivations, and perceived benefits from DM involvement. There were 161 respondents out of 1492 recipients for an …

Development And Characterization Of Sustained-Release Formulations Via Novel Hot Melt Extrusion Techniques, Bjad Khalaf Almutairy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a leading technology that can be applied to many pharmaceutical preparations as solid dispersions. Part of this research project focus on injecting pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) gas during the HME process. These combined techniques have an additional advantage of being adaptable and portable to a hot melt extruder instrument. The use of HME alongside with other techniques (P-CO2 or co extrusion process) for preparing an improved controlled/sustained release formulation is the main theme of this research project. Current research focusing on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with good aqueous solubility requires novel approach to obtain tailored …

Intrapulmonary Inoculation Of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids To Construct An Orthotopic Lung Cancer Xenograft Model That Mimics Four Clinical Stages Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Yingbo Huang

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer leads in mortality among all types of cancer in the US and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. Immuno-compromised mice bearing xenografts of human lung cancer cells represent the most common animal models for studying lung cancer biology and for evaluating potential anticancer agents. However, orthotopic lung cancer models based on intrapulmonary injection of suspended cancer cells feature premature leakage of the cancer cells to both sides of the lung within five days, which generates a quick artifact of metastasis and thus belies the development and progression of lung cancer as seen …

The Protective Role Of Estrogen On Hiv-1 Mediated Neurotoxicity, Macklin Licamied

Honors Theses

The prevalence of HIV among men have been in a steady inclination over the last several decades, yet the accelerated infection rate among older women is considerably concerning. Not only does the HIV virus affect the immune system but it also affects the central nervous system. One of its viral proteins, Tat, acts as an excitotoxin and disrupts the cell’s membrane potential by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ inside the cell. This influx of calcium ions leads to apoptosis and secretion of the cell’s contents into the surrounding area. Macrophages, along with other innate immune components, gather and induce the …

Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Through the process of drug development, a molecule goes through discovery screening; lead selection and optimization, ADME testing, toxicity profiling, dosage form determination, preclinical testing in an in vitro and in vivo setup, folloby clinical research, FDA review and approval until eventually it is manufactured in the determined dosage form and reaches the patient. At every point through this process, scientists actively work towards a smoother transition and a quick and safe approval of the molecule towards the next step. The different chapters in this research would cover various phases of drug development; from discovery stage to fill-finish and primary …

Rhabdomyolysis Associations With Antibiotics: A Pharmacovigilance Study Of The Fda Adverse Event Reporting System (Faers), Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Courtney Baus, James P. Wilson, Christopher R. Frei

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Daptomycin, macrolides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and cefdinir are known to be associated with rhabdomyolysis. Other antibiotics may also lead to rhabdomyolysis, but no study has systemically compared rhabdomyolysis associations for many available antibiotics.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between rhabdomyolysis and many available antibiotics using the FDA Adverse Event Report System (FAERS).

Methods: FAERS reports from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2017 were included in the study. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify rhabdomyolysis cases. Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the …

Synthesis Of A Novel Surface Active, Light Sensitive Polymer For Encapsulation And Delivery Of Paclitaxel, Amit Raviraj Pillai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma) skin cancer (NMSC) have been recognized as an epidemic as they happen to be the most comtype of cancers in the white population. Cancer cell targeting i.e. differentiating cancer cells from normal cells has been an area of active research to reduce the side effects of cancer chemotherapy. For this research project, we have developed a novel light sensitive Methylene Blue (MB)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate with significant surfactant properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize a smart light sensitive polymer which activates and releases the encapsulated drug on exposure …

Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of Theophylline and Nicotinamide pharmaceutical co-crystals by hot melt extrusion technology and to evaluate the processability by using HPMCAS-MG and PEO as polymer carriers. Theophylline, a BCS class I was chosen as a model drug and Nicotinamide, a vitamin B family was selected as a suitable co-former for the co-crystals study. HPMCAS-MG, a synthetic polymer and PEO, water-soluble polymer were chosen as polymer carriers for the study. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, a physical mixture of 1:1 molar ratio of theophylline and nicotinamide were prepared. Physical mixture …

Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were developed instead of a conventional liquid system. Solid surfactants was chosen to emulsify lipids with different HLB properties. Type of surfactant, type of lipid, Lipid/surfactant L/S ratio, feed rate, screw speed and screw configuration, were the formulation and process parameters evaluated. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were successfully developed on the hot-melt extruder for the first time which is a continuous processing technology.

Novel Application Of Melt Extrusion And Additive Manufacturing On Developing Diverse Dosages, Jiaxiang Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

New drug product development is a time consuming and costly process. One of the significant challenges is the poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Among those techniques, hot-melt extrusion(HME) is optimal for pharmaceutical solid dispersion development because of it free of using an organic solvent, easy scale up, and suitable for continuous processing with ensured optimal quality control.

Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Results: The matched sample consisted of 4578 patients (2291 in each group). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of stroke/SE compared to warfarin (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.247 - 0.564, p<0.001); but, no significant difference was seen between NOACs and warfarin in terms of reducing the risk of MI (HR: 0.864, CI: 0.594 – 1.257, p=0.446). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of ICH (HR: 0.500, CI: 0.300 – 0.834, p=0.008) and OB (HR: 0.608, CI: 0.424 – 0.870, p=0.007); but no difference was seen in the risk of MGB (HR: 0.862, CI: 0.640 – 1.160, p=0.326) between NOACs and warfarin. NOACs were also found to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.783, CI:0.656 – 0.873, p=0.007). The composite of effectiveness and safety outcomes, and all-cause mortality was statistically significant proving superior overall effectiveness and safety of NOAC therapy to warfarin therapy in terms of risk reduction (HR:0.685, CI:0.587 – 0.801, p<0.001).

Valuation Of Mentorship In Pharmacy Education And The Impact Of Perceived Personal Relevance, Ashley Stubblefield Crumby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mentorship is an important component of personal and professional development for student pharmacists. This research measured the value of mentorship in this population examined potential influencing factors and the likelihood to participate in a mentoring relationship and identified preferences for the mentoring relationship. Data collection involved survey self-report of student pharmacists (P1-P4) at four participating universities. An adapted 29-item Mentoring Functions Scale (MFS) was used to measure value with functions divided into career and psychosocial categories. The highest ranked mentoring functions were psychosocial with an average score of 9 or greater on the 10-point scale. Perceived personal relevance measured using …

Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2012 health plans serving Medicare beneficiaries have begun receiving sizeable incentives (>$1B) for demonstrating high ratings to quality performance scores in CMS’s Medicare star ratings program. Several of the quality measures can be directly impacted by retail pharmacists (e.g. medication adherence measures) resulting in health plans implementing programs designed to incentive retail pharmacies to work toward improving their own performance related to quality measures. While awareness of these value-based incentive (VBI) programs is growing there is still a significant lack of research which elucidates the nature of these programs and the potential …

Comparative Assessment Of Safety And Quality Of Tinospora Species-Tinospora Crispa And Tinospora Sinensis, Abidah Parveen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tinospora crispa Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson and Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. (Menispermaceae) are two species that have morphological similarities which makes distinction between the two of critical importance because T. crispa has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. Comparative morpho-anatomy of the leaves and stems of Tinospora species indigenous to south and southeast Asia was undertaken to elaborate their distinguishing pharmacognostic features. Chemical characterization of the secondary metabolites of the two species may aid in elucidating their chemical diversity and hence help to resolve safety and quality issues. Phytochemical investigation of the stems led to the isolation of nineteen compounds …