Weed Science Commons^™

Agronomic Performance Of 118 Leucaena Accessions In The Subtropical Environment Of Southeast Queensland, Australia, B F. Mullen, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The DM productivity in contrasting environments of 118 Leucaena accessions was evaluated in sub-tropical Australia over a 2 year period. Harvests were timed to coincide with hot/wet and cool/dry seasons and data were analysed to compare growth in these environments. Eleven accession groups were identified by cluster analysis. Group 1, which contained F1 and F4 interspecific hybrids, were highly productive in all environments. Growth of L. leucocephala accessions was severely checked by psyllids in hot/ wet environments. Four groups comprising 60 accessions were unproductive in all environments. Identification of specific adaptation to cold temperature within groups in psyllid susceptible accessions …

The Effects Of Storage Period On The Germinability Of Rhodes Grass (Chloris Gayana), K C. Kawonga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was initiated to investigate the post harvest changes in the seed quality of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). The aim of the study was to find out the causes of poor germination of locally produced Rhodes grass seed. Random samples (72) were taken from a seed lot grown at Golden Valley Research Station. Seventy-two random samples were subdivided into groups of twelve and were stored at six locations. Half the samples were stored at room temperature and the other half were stored in the refrigerator for a period of one to six months. The germination test was …

Technology Development Of Pasture Seed Production For Small Scale Farmers In Uganda, P Lusembo, E N. Sabiiti, C Ebong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture seed production by smallholder farmers in Uganda is hardly developed. The stages of development since the early 1960s are described as initial forage evaluation for adaptability and productivity of various species, seed production trials in relation to plant population, fertilizer requirements and the use of support systems for climbing forage legumes. Annual seed production by smallholder farmers, under an informal seed production system, is reported to have risen from 1,200kg in 1989 to over 35 metric tonnes of forage legume seed in 1995. This was attributed to the availability of appropriate seed production technology and the presence of a …

Flowering Cycle-Related Seed Quality Parameters On 15 New Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Hybrids, R Usberti, A Usberti Jr, R S. Paterniani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fifteen new guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq) hybrids, widely variable in flowering cycles, were tested for eleven seed quality parameters: seed viability (tetrazolium)-TZ; normal germination (with and without previous chemical scarification)-TG and NG; presence of viable seeds after the germination tests- RSTG and RSNG; seed dormancy-DTG and DNG; germination rate-TGR and NGR and seed vigor (after accelerated aging test) -AATG and AANG. The genetic materials used presented no significant differences for tetrazolium seed viability. Late- and intermediate-flowering genotypes showed the highest correlations between flowering cycle and seed quality for TG, NG, TGR and NGR (r= 0.468**; 0.731**; 0.422* and 0.683**, …

Effect Of Plant Density On Yield And Yield Components And Seed Chemical Composition Of Some Sunflower Varieties, N A. Noueldin, M E. El-Bially, B A. El-Ahmer, M G. El-Baz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research is to study the effect of varieties (Mayak, Elorida 2000 and sigce 475), hill distance (20, 30 and 40 cm) and ridge width (50, 60 and 70 cm) on productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). The highest oil % was obtained by sowing sigco 475 at a 40 cm hills distince under 60 cm. ridge width and the highest oil yield feddan-1* as well as seed yield feddan-1 was obtained by sowing Mayak on 20cm hills under a 50cm ridge width.

Seed Banks In A Natural Pasture In Tasmania, Australia: Implications For Species Composition Change, D A. Friend, A S. Cameron, A J. Povey, P L. Dolan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed banks in a natural pasture in Tasmania were examined as part of a study of the effects of grazing on changes in species composition. The dominant native perennial grasses had relatively low seed banks, whereas annual grasses, sedges, rushes and a number of forbs had relatively high seed banks. The results confirm the vulnerability of the native grasses to local extinction in the event of loss of the established plants, e.g. through overgrazing.

Tropical Forage Seed Production In Southeast Asia: Current Status And Prospects, C Phaikaew, L Guodao, A Abdullah, M Tuhulele, E Magboo, B Bouahom, W Stur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The demand for forage seed in southeast Asia has increased in recent years. More than 1,200 tons of seed were produced in Thailand in 1995 with smaller quantities of seed having been produced in China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. Large quantities have been produced of Brachiaria ruziziensis, Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes guianensis and Panicum maximum. There are good prospects to increase forage seed production and to develop trade between countries in the southeast Asian region. There is a need to increase seed production of widely adapted species, and expand production of forages for other purposes such as turf …

Traditional Grassland And Fodder Management Systems In Tanzania And Potential For Improvement, R M. Otsyina, I Essai, D Asenga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The “Ngitiri” fodder conservation system was developed by the Sukuma agro-pastoralists as a strategy to alleviate acute dry season fodder constraints. This traditional agroforestry system provides the basis and opportunities for development of improved silvipastoral systems. Ngitiri is a major source of dry season fodder supply for livestock and thatch for roofing. The system is widespread in the Sukuma landuse system in central Tanzania. This paper presents the scope and importance of the Ngitiri system, management aspects, constraints, and farmers’ perceptions on improvement. Implications for agroforestry technology development in the Sukuma agropastoral system are also discussed.

Forage Seed Production In Egypt For Domestic Marker And For Export, M A. El-Nahrawy, A Rammah, O Niemelainen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Egypt, no major effort is made to provide local and export markets with seeds of correctly identified and pure cultivars of forage crops in spite of the existence of all the essential factors for a successful seed industry. A wide genetic base of indigenous forage crops such as berseem clover and alfalfa, proper irrigation, a harvest and seed maturation period free from rain, sunshine and clear sky all year and highly fertile soils in isolated areas are available. Moreover, uncertified, uncontrolled and unidentified local seeds of berseem clover and alfalfa are highly demanded by foreign markets due to their …

Scientific Note: An Incursion Of The Widely-Cultivated Katsura (Cercidiphyllum Japonicum, Cercidiphyllaceae) In Pennsylvania, Kayleigh R. Long, Melody P. Sain, Elizabeth H. Williams, Christopher T. Martine

Faculty Journal Articles

Cercidiphyllum japonicum (katsura) is a dioecious tree native to China and Japan. Although imperiled in parts of its natural distribution, the species has become quite common as a cultivated tree in temperate North America. The species is noted as occasionally escaping cultivation in the eastern United States, but few records of established incursions (and the conditions under which they might recruit) exist in the literature. We here report an incursion of C. japonicum in central Pennsylvania, along with notes on seedling recruitment on the Bucknell University campus.

Barley Grass And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Barley grass is a common name for Hordeum glaucum and H. leporinum. Barley grass is a major crop weeds species because the seed is readily dispersed, it is renowned for rapidly germinating in autumn, and post-emergent herbicide control options are limited. It can also act as an alternate host for cereal diseases and can develop resistance to herbicides.

The rapid germination of the species after rainfall gives barley grass the potential to act as a green bridge for cereal root rot diseases

Wild Oat And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Wild oats (Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana) represent a large cost to cropping; they are highly competitive and when left uncontrolled, can reduce wheat yields by up to 80%.

The greatest yield loss occurs when wild oat plants emerge at the same time as the crop.

Evaluating A Precision Sprayer For Detecting Weeds And Spraying Herbicides In Real Time (Spot Spray) For Weed Management In Corn And Soybean, Adam Eric Leise

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Herbicide sprayers are becoming larger and more efficient in applications in crop fields. A precise and efficient herbicide application is advantageous in effective weed control. New precision sprayers were introduced in hopes of reducing the amount of herbicide applied. Greeneye Technology and John Deere have developed precision sprayers for the detection of weeds in crop fields, which come equipped with a dual tank system that allows for two different herbicides to be separated from tank to tip. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the broadleaf and grass weed control efficacy of spot spray (SS) technology when applied in …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2023, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; mycotoxins; cover crop management; and research verification program results. Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

Brome Grass And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Brome grass (Bromus spp.) is one of the most competitive grass weeds in wheat. Over the last 10 years, brome grass has increased in importance to a greater extent than any other weed species in Australia.

Recent changes in crop production systems, increased conservation tillage, a lack of available selective herbicides, and a decline in system diversity have seen an increase in the importance of this weed in Western Australia (WA).

Seed is the main source of brome grass infestation and, as few seeds remain dormant, the most important aspect of management is to reduce its seed bank.

Annual Ryegrass And Its Management In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is one of the most serious and costly weeds of annual winter cropping systems in southern Australia. It is highly competitive and can compete with a crop as early as the 2-leaf stage.

Annual ryegrass is a winter to spring growing weed that can emerge from late autumn to early spring. The number of emergence flushes and the density of plants that emerge are related to initial seedbank levels and the frequency and amount of rainfall.

Behavioural Distributions Of Macrophytes In An Oxbow Lake, Dhir Beel With Reference To Its Water Quality In Assam, India, Arup Nama Das, D. K. Sharma

Journal of Bioresource Management

An Oxbow lake, Dhir Beel, situated in Western Assam, India, stands as a habitat for a plethora of plant and animal species, nurturing a vibrant ecosystem within its freshwater environs. This study sought to address concerns surrounding pollution, encroachment, siltation, and overfishing within Dhir Beel. Over a span of three years (2016-2019), samples were meticulously collected from five distinct sites to analyze both water quality and macrophyte populations. Employing the APHA method, the physico-chemical parameters of the water were evaluated, while a comprehensive identification process was undertaken to categorize the macrophytes. These aquatic plants, spanning dicots, monocots, and pteridophytes, were …

History, Impacts, And Control Of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria) In Minnesota, Jude Humphrey

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is an infamous invasive plant species in wetland habitats. It was introduced to North America through multiple pathways. While herbicides and other attempts to eradicate purple loosestrife have proved mostly ineffective for various reasons, the introduction of the plant’s natural herbivores has shown promise. This paper provides an overview of research done on purple loosestrife’s introduction, biology, impacts, and control methods with an emphasis on its history in Minnesota. Understanding the history and past efforts made to control this plant can be an important reference point for future work.

The Potential Impact Of Endangered Species Legislation On Federal Grazing Lands And The Livestock Industry, G M. Luciuk, B Bristol, T W. Weins, D M. Boyle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Crown based grazing is an integral part of the management structure of cattle operations, and is very important to the economic fabric of rural communities. Federal crown lands, such as the PFRA operated community pastures are an integral part of the resource conservation efforts in western Canada. These lands represent a significant reservoir of the remaining natural lands which are important for wildlife habitat. Sustainable management of such contiguous blocks of land is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity. Proposed endangered species legislation would require the development of recovery plans on federal lands for endangered, threatened and extirpated species. Rural …

Concepts For Mining Landscape Development In Eastern Germany With Grazing Animals And Agroforestry, S Eichler, F Herzog

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leipzig South (Saxony) has been heavily transformed by open cast lignite mining. Alternative forms of land use are sought which contribute to an increase of biodiversity and an improvement of soil quality. This could be achieved by the selective introduction of grazing animals and perennials. Specific scenarios for open pits, dumping areas, open pits’ slopes and land reclaimed for agriculture are proposed. Socio-economic drawbacks are outlined.