Plant Pathology Commons^™

The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments conducted in sandy and brown soils in Cuba demonstrated the beneficial effect of manure for accelerating the establishment of forage plants, and the possibility of dimi­nishing up to 50 % the dosage of N fertilizer requirements to obtain maximum forage yield (Crespo and Diez 1978; Crespo and Arteaga 1984). The aims of the present experiments were: a) to determine the best time of application of cow manure and b) to learn the influence of manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on forage yield of king grass in a ferrasol soil.

Changes In Grassland Sward Caused By Different Levels Of Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization, After 5 Years Of Application, K Krynski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many speculations concerning fertilizer manage­ment. Effects of the potassium fertilization are not univocal defined. The phosphorus effect is observed after a few years. Mistakes in proportions of the fertilizers applicated on grasslands appear often. Their effects are difficult to observe at once. Destructions of the long term unbalanced fertilization can be difficult to repair. The experiment is aimed at finding the effect of different levels of fertilization on grassland. The paper presents part of data characterizing the 5th experimental year.

Optimization Of Grassland Ecosystem Production By Anthropogenic Treatment, R Holubek, J Jancovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Abundant amount of the new knowledge was gained by an intensive research of grassland ecosystem in Czechoslovakia and other European countries during last 25 years. It was con­firmed that under favourable humid conditions and sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients together with adequate N­fertilizing should be nearly reached ecologically conditioned level of potential productivity and dry matter or N-compounds yields should be increased by 100-200 or 200-300 per cent respectively (Velich, 1986). Introduction of scientific methods of controlled agricultural production together with higher landscape protection requirements, stability of ecosystems, quality and health­proved foods requirements have changed the traditional views to the nutrition …

Effets De La Modulation De La Fertilization Azotee Sur La Productive Du Brachiaria Decumbens, Francoise Artus-Poliakoff, F Champenhet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pour le choix d'especes ameliorees, selectionnees pour !'in­tensification fourragere a la Martinique, Brachiaria decumbens presente une faible sensibilite aux phenomenes saisonniers (Artus, 1986), mais sa productivite n'en demeure pas moins variable malgre !'irrigation complementaire en saison seche (Artus-Poliakoff et al., 1988). La fertilisation azotee, indispen­sable a !'expression des potentialites de rendement d'une telle graminee, accentue ces variations saisonnieres par stimulation de la croissance en periode favorable a la vegetation (Caro­Costas et al., 1960; Salette, 1971). L'ajustement du chargement a la quantite d'herbe disponible ou le report fourrager sous forme de foin ou d'ensilage sont des techniques difficiles a mai­triser et …

Effect Of Fertilizer Application On The Productivity Of Native Hay At Syanboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Syangboche Yak Farm is situated at an altitude of 3700 m a.s.l. on the bank of Mount Everest. The annual maximum mean temperature is 7.6°C and minimum tempera­ture 0.5°C. Rainfall is around 1103 mm concentrated between June and September. The soil type is characteristic of the alpine soils in the Himalayan area, lithosols and regosols. The pastures observed in the experiment are located in the highest level of the forest comprising mainly Abies spectabilis, Betula utilis, Juniperus recurva and Rhododendron anthopogon species. The forage resources of that zone are under permanent pressure due to the grazing of yak during …

Productivity Of Trifolium Pratense L., T Repens L., And Lotus Corniculatus L. In Acid Soil Of Highland Region Of Yugoslavia, M Jevtic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial legumes are an important source of fodder in high­land regions of Yugoslavia. Three legume spp. were chosen for this trial: Trifolium pratense, T. repens and Lotus corniculatus (components of highland spontaneous ecosystems). Posibilities of growing them as pure stands were investigated when treated with mineral N, or seed inoculation. The effec­tiveness of inoculation depends on soil caracteristics: the best results were obtained on acid soils (Misistin and Siljnikova, 1968). The spontaneous types of Rhizobium trifolii and R. lotus exist in most types of highland soils in Yugoslavia (Vojinovic et al., 1978). The effect of inoculation is the most …

Experiment Of Trace Elements Fertilizer Spraying On Sown Pasture, Tu Minyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The application of compound phosphate in the way of rot­ationary fertilizing in sections in successive years kept the vig­orous growth of pasture composed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in the first several years after the pasture was grazed in 1981. But the pas­ture could not keep the growing vigour even with the same level of fertilization in the last two years. Considering the unba­lanced nutrition being one of the major reasons, a preliminary experiment of trace elements spraying has been undertaken in Nanshan Sown Pasture-land aiming at identifying if trace fert­ilizers …

The Effect Of Soil Acidity And Nitrogen Fertilization On Yield Of White Clover And Perennial Ryegrass In Pure Stands And In Mixture, P Stypinski, G Kocialkowska

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In spite of all advantages white clover is considered to be of a low persistency and is often eliminated from sward by various environmental factors (Frame, 1984). So the common use of white clover demands determining and examining all factors that influence its persistance. One of such factors is the low level of soil pH. Like all legumes white clover is susceptible to the high soil acidity. The tolerance of white clover to the soil acidity has not been determined precisely. This tolerance is from 4,2 according to Ziemiecka (1969) to 4,5 (Wood and Cooper, 1984). Frame (1984) recommends a …

Reponse Du Paturage Naturel A La Fertilization Azotee Sur Sol Basaltique En Adamaqua Camerounais, E Pamo, S Yonkeu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les paturages demeurent et demeureront encore pendant longtemps la principale source d'alimentation des ruminants en Afrique. Cependant, au Cameroun en general et dans le plateau de l'Adamaoua, berceau de l'elevage en particulier, la baisse de leur production inquiete de plus en plus les pastoralistes. Aussi s'avere-t-il necessaire de trouver Jes moyens permettant de ren­verser cette tendance et d'ameliorer cette situation. S'il est certain que des etudes (Yonkeu et al. 1985; Yonkeu et al., 1986; Pamo et al., 1989) ont ete menees sur la reponse des fourrages cultives a la fertilisation dans l'Adamaoua, tres peu de travaux a ce jour ont …

Some Nitrogen Forms And Micronutrients In Silage Maize Leaves As Affected By Nk Fertilization And Liming, C.L F. Carranca, M A. Castelo Branco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritive value of a forage depends on the quality which, in time, is dependent on protein, sugar, cellulose, fat and min­eral elements content. The existence of deficiencies may limit the maximum yield and also the quality. Several experiments have been carried out in order to study the effect of liming and NK fertilization on the nutrients uptake by silage maize and yields.

The Diagnosis Of Grassland Mineral Nutrient Status Through Herbage Analysis, J Salette, Lydie Huche

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It appears more and more clearly that soil analysis is not sufficient to give a good approximation of the mineral status of grassland soils. In perennial crops leaf analysis and empirical critical levels are widely utilized. This grassland approach emphasizes the good results which can be obtained for nitro­gen, potassium, phosphorus not from leaf but from the whole herbage plant analysis. This paper deals with pure grass stands.

Modelling Nutrient Uptake By A Grass Sward: Long Term Studies Over Several Years, J Salette, Lydie Huche

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many experiments were conducted to assess the short term effects of fertilization management on nitrogen and mineral uptake of cut or grazed swards. One important work was performed to model the grass nutrition status during a regrowth (Salette, 1982; Salette et al., 1983; Salette et al., 1989), but for both a theoretical and practical point of view it is of great interest to evaluate the evolution of N and mineral uptake throughout all the years of a pasture life. This paper gives an analysis of nitrogen and mineral uptake dynamics during sev­eral years and proposes a model for sward N …

Modelling Nitrogen And Mineral Nutrient Uptake By A Grass Sward: Short Term Studies During The Sward Growth, J Salette, Lydie Huche, G Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a previous work, the evolution of nitrogen and mineral content during the grass regrowth between two successive defoliations have been studied and modelled (Salette and Lemaire, 1981; Salette, 1982; Salette et al., 1982). This paper gives a generalization of the growth dilution and uptake model for nutrient minerals.

The Reaction Of Eragrostis Curvula To N And K Fertilization, N.F G. Rethman, C C. De Witt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertilization programmes for grass pastures in Southern Africa have placed emphasis on N and Pin the past. With the depletion of soil K, however, K fertilization is becoming increasingly important. Reliable response data for N and K fertilization is needed optimize fertilization level.

Efficacute De La Fertilization Minerale Des Prairies En Sol Alluvial, L Solimowski, R Lyszczarz, R Dembek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le sol alluvial de la vallee basse de la Vistule offre des lieux naturels favorables a la culture des herbages (Cieslinski et Raszeja, 1983). On pratique assez souvent la seule fertilisation azotee, consideree comme la plus rentable. L'objectif de notre essai etait d'etudier !'influence des differents elements fertili­sants apportes pendant plusieurs annees sur la culture, !'evolu­tion de la composition botanique de la prairie, de la teneur en elements nutritifs de l'herbe et de la fertilite du sol.

Effects Of Fertilization And Liming On The Improvement Of Native Pastures, Maria E.V Lourenco, R.J. M. De Carvalho, Maria De L.A.P Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Native pastures in Portugal have relatively low productivity. The yield and botanical composition of such grasslands, where some legumes species are present, can be improved by fertilization with phosphorus application and/or also liming (Carter, 1983). The presence of legumes in pasture can also be improved by molybdenum application (Lattan et al., 1984). Significant increases of phosphorus concentration in plants (Garden et al., 1978) and on soil available phosphorus (Gregan et al., 1980) due to phosphorus application have also been reported.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of such treatments on the improvement of native pastures.

Influence Of Npk Fertilizer On Chrysopogon-Agrostis Swards, T Totev, V Vulkov

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Chrysopogon gryllus-Agrostis capillaris transitional association is commonly found in Bulgaria natural meadows. The aim of our investigation was, by applying different rates and proportions, to determine NPK fertilizer influence on the productivity, botanical composition and crude protein yield of the sward.

Derivation And Testing Of Nutrient Norms For White Clover, Marta J. Rodreiguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Foliar analysis has been practiced widely to diagnose the nutrient status of crops in order to give fertilizer recommenda­tions. The changing nature of plant tissue mineral concentra­tions imposes limitations on the use of foliar analysis for diag­nostic purposes. In this way, sampling of particular plant parts at particular stages of development is required to assess the nutrient status of crop and forage plants. The Diagnosis and Recommendations Integrated System (DRIS) was developed by Beaufils (1973), based on a holistic experimental approach, as a means of coping with the problems derived of the dynamic nature of foliar composition. Three concepts are …

Influence De La Fertilization Sur La Repartition De La Biomasse Vegetale En Prairie Temporaire, R Lyszczarz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'influence de la fertilisation minerale et organique sur le rendement et la composition botanique de la partie recoltable de la prairie est bien connue. Cependant nous n'en savons pas autant en ce qui concerne !'action de cette fertilisation sur Jes autres parties de la biomasse vegetale. Une etude approfondie de sa productivite, structure, composition chimique et reparti­tion permettrait d'evaluer son importance dans l'ecosysteme agricole (Hurto et al., 1980; Lutke, 1983).

Liming And Phosphate Fertilization On Forage Production, Mineral Composition And Nodulation On Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.), V T. Paulino, N L. Costa, C.G S. Pedreira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For legume forage plant contribute effectively to grassland improvement, mainly through high herbage yields and fixation of atmospheric N, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of its nutritional requirements, since pigeonpea does not grow well on acidic soils with high levels of Al and poor in Ca, Mg and P. Ogunwale and Olaniyi (1978) reported a significant increase on forage production and P and Ca uptake for pigeonpea as a result of phosphate fertilization, while Abrufi.a et al., (1984) observed that lime improved growth, nodulation and P and Ca uptake, but with little effect on crude protein con­tent. …