The Effects Of The Different Cultivars Of Orchardgrass, S143 And Aonami, On Botanical Composition In Perennial Ryegrass/ Orchardgrass/ White Clover Pasture,
2025
Tohoku University
The Effects Of The Different Cultivars Of Orchardgrass, S143 And Aonami, On Botanical Composition In Perennial Ryegrass/ Orchardgrass/ White Clover Pasture, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two cul ti vars of orchardgrass, S143 and Aonami, on the botanical composition of pasture under the precursor-follower grazing system. Each cultivar was sown as a main component in the mixture with perennial rye grass and white clover. The herbage mass in the pasture with Sl 43(Sl 43-pasture) was less than that in the pasture with Aon
Animal Production Of Fattening Young Steers And Beef Cows By Precursor- Follower System On Two Pasture Types,
2025
Tohoku University
Animal Production Of Fattening Young Steers And Beef Cows By Precursor- Follower System On Two Pasture Types, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal productions were compared on two pastures, i.e. PW pasture (perennial ryegrass-white clover dominant pasture) and PO pasture (perennial ryegrass-orchardgrass dominant pasture), through precursor-follower system using feeder steers and beef cows. The experiment was carried out in 1983 and 1984. After close of grazing feeder steers were fattened for 6 or 7 months, then the carcass characteristics were examined. Feeder steers used in the experiment 1983 were born in spring and grazed for 2 seasons. And in the experiment 1984 steers were born in spring and in fall. They grazed for 2 seasons and 1 season, respectivery. By the precursor-follower …
Relations Between Nitrogen Fertilization, Herbage Production And Milk Yield,
2025
Agricultural University, Haarweg
Relations Between Nitrogen Fertilization, Herbage Production And Milk Yield, E A. Lantinga, L T'Mannetje, H Schlepers
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The response to N-fertilizer of animal output and of herbage production was compared. There appeared to be no difference in the responses to applied nitrogen between intensive continuous grazing and weekly cutting in the range of 300 to 500 kg N/ha/yr. It is hypothesized that the response to applied nitrogen in a continuously grazed sward is mainly determined by the intensity of grazing and that the benefit from nitrogen circulation through excreta has little meaning for the pasture as a whole.
Modelling Grazing Intensity Studies,
2025
University of Natal
Modelling Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing intensity models have traditionally related animal production per head and per ha to stocking rate. The value of such models is limited by the omission of pasture information. In this paper the relationships between average daily gain, grazing days and standing herbage are used to develop models relating animal production per ha to standing herbage. These models can also be extended by relating changes in their parameters to additional quantifiable variables, or by using them in economic models to express profit per ha in terms of standing herbage.
Coping With Grazing: A Comparison Of Two Savanna Grasses Differing In Tolerance To Defoliation,
2025
CSIRO
Coping With Grazing: A Comparison Of Two Savanna Grasses Differing In Tolerance To Defoliation, K C. Hodgkinson, J J. Mott, M M. Ludlow
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Heavy grazing by cattle, resulting from various practices to intensify carrying capacity, is reducing the abundance of the dominant Kangaroo grass (Themeda australis) in Australia's tropical and subtropical savannas. The objective of this study was to find whether morphological and/or physiological factors were the cause oflow tolerance of T. australis to heavy grazing. Themeda australis was compared in a glasshouse experiment, with buff el grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris), a successful introduction from Africa and known to be grazing tolerant. Half the plants were subjected to frequent close defoliation and their regrowth was compared with infrequently defoliated plants. …
Heat Production Of Free Grazing Cattle,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Heat Production Of Free Grazing Cattle, K Ochiai, I Tahata, F Andoh, S Shioya, T Ami
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Heat production and herbage intake of housed and free grazing cattle were examined using trachea cannulea oxygen consumption measuring system. The daily heat production of Holstein steer and Japanese Black cow grazing on orchardgrass pasture were 212 and 167 kcal/BW0•75/day, respectively. These figures were 56% and 37% greater than those of housed cattle. The daily herbage intake of the Japanese Black cow were 64 and 77 DMg/BW°·75/day in housed and grazing, respectively. And those of the Holstein steer were 69 and 149 DM/BW°·75/day. Regarding the behaviour of cattle, the highest heat production rate was observed in grazing activity, and lowest …
Thermoregulatory Behaviour And The Skin Temperature Of Grazing Cattle,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Thermoregulatory Behaviour And The Skin Temperature Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, H Dohi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to clarify the thermoregulatory behaviour in hot and frosty environment, the skin temperature of the Japanese Black Cattle in the pasture was measured by a handy radiation thermometer. The regression equation of the temperature (X) and the skin temperature (Y) of grazing cattle was Y=0.814X+ 11.57 (regression coefficient; r=0.972), and that of the direct solar radiation (X) and the skin temperature (Y) was Y=18.05X+30.62 (r=0.824). When the skin temperature rose beyond about 40°C on sunny and hot days in summer, the cattle began to shelter in shade, where the skin temperature went down to about 35°C. When the …
Immune Response Of Grazing Cattle To Rumen Microflora,
2025
Tohoku University
Immune Response Of Grazing Cattle To Rumen Microflora, K Ogimoto, S Sato, T Inamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Changes in immune response to several rumen bacterial species were investigated in grazing cattle. The results revealed immune response variation in cattle from the first and second grazing seasons. Agglutination titers in sera to Streptococcus bovis and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens increased after 30 days of grazing. Those of S. bovis remained at a higt level until grazing was competed, while titers of B. fibrisolvens were maximum after 45 days and gradually decreased. Changes in agglutinating titers to both bacterial species varied greatly in cattle of the first grazing season. Titers of Ruminococcus albus were similar to the above two species, …
Vegetational Changes In The Sasa Nipponica Grassland Used By Winter Grazing For Successive Years,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Vegetational Changes In The Sasa Nipponica Grassland Used By Winter Grazing For Successive Years, Y Ogawa, T Mitamura, K Okamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of winter grazing by beef cattle on yearly yield and flora changes in Sasa (Sasa nipponica) grassland was examined from 1974 to 1982. This Sasa sward was established semi-naturally on cutover land following deciduous broadleaved forest at an altitude of 1,100 m on Mt. Asama in Japan. Sasa kept its foliage green and nutritive all year round, so that in this experimental grassland a large quantity of its foliage supplied sufficient nutrients for the maintenance of beef cows during winter grazing periods. Foliage weight was 2.6 tons DW/ha before winter grazing use and this value was maintained for …
Intensive Use Of Young Japanese Cedar Forest For Grazing,
2025
Tohoku University
Intensive Use Of Young Japanese Cedar Forest For Grazing, K Sugawara, T Isawa, M Goto, I Ito
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were conducted to investigate the intensive forest grazing in young Japanese cedar forest by introducing improved pasture species to forest floor. Study area (1-year old Japanese cedar forest) was divided into three treatment plots; unseeded and unfertilized ( unseeded plot), seeded with nitrogen (N)- phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) fertilizer ( seeded-NPK plot) and seeded with twice amount of fertilizer ( seeded-2NPK plot). Herbage production, grazing capacity, injury to the tree by grazing cattle and growth of the tree were compared among the treatments. The mean of annual fresh matter yield was 11.6 t/ha at unseeded plot, 12.7 t/ha at seeded-NPK …
Reforestation And Cattle Grazing In Southern United States,
2025
USDA, Forest Service
Reforestation And Cattle Grazing In Southern United States, Henry A. Pearson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This research was undertaken to learn if cutover southern pine ranges can be sucessfully regenerated artificially with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) while being grazed yearlong by beef cattle, Objectives were to determine the effects of various grazing intensities on the establishment and growth of slash pine and on herbage and cattle production, and the subsequent influence of pines on herbage and cattle production. Three range units comprising about 650 ha of cutover pine land were stocked to produce light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities. Each year during a 4-year regeneration cycle, 17 percent of each range unit was …
Improvement Of Forest Grazing On Sado Island,
2025
Niigata University
Improvement Of Forest Grazing On Sado Island, H Hirota, T Suzuki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The develpoment of forest grazing in Sada Island is briefly outlined and the cause of the abrupt decline of Zoysia dominant vegetation during the last few decades is discussed. Some experimental results to improve the herbage production for forest grazing on the island are described. For example the invading bush trees should be controlled by either felling them down or applying herbicides, followed by vegetative propagation of Zoysia species and fertilizer application. Gentle slopeland can be renovated by oversowing cool temperate grass species; 15 Kg Dactylis glomerata, 10 Kg Lolium perenne, 5 Kg Paa pratensis and 5 Kg …
Grazing As A Part Of Agroforestry,
2025
University of California - Berkeley
Grazing As A Part Of Agroforestry, Harold F. Heady
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Multiple use of land by the small landholder for food crops, trees and animals, often called agroforestry, holds great promise for aiding people near poverty in developing countries, but new forages and techniques of management must be developed.
Forest Grazing In Taiwan,
2025
Taiwan Sugar Corporation
Forest Grazing In Taiwan, M D. Huang, K J. Chen, Y J. Wu, J C. Yang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Due to the shortage of man-power in rural regions, forest grazing was tested as an alternative to eliminate the noxious plants dispersed on the timber plantations in Taiwan. Tree growth was not affected, when Hereford heifers were introduced to 4-year-old Taiwania cryptomerioides plantations(at 1,600 m altitude). Although indigenous water buffaloes were less tolerant to heat than the European cattle( Hereford and Holstein), they were able to show moderate body weight gain in the tough forest environment. Partial blood profiles obtained from buffaloes and cattle gave the same conclusion.
Effects Of Spring Mangement On Herbage Mass And Sward Characteristics In Ryegrass White Clover Pasture,
2025
Massey University
Effects Of Spring Mangement On Herbage Mass And Sward Characteristics In Ryegrass White Clover Pasture, B M. Butler, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Mathews, C J. Korte
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of grazing intensity and frequency were investigated on a ryegrass/white clover pasture. Large differences in herbage mass between treatments arose mostly from ryegrass reproductive stubble during spring and mid-summer and from dead reproductive stubble during mid-summer and early autumn. Leafy, vegetative pastures were achieved during the reproductive growth period by maintaining a sward residual of less than 500 kg leaf DM/ha (sward height 9 cm) and a grazing interval of less than 14 days (pre-grazing height 20 cm). The evidence suggests that reducing the mass or size of individual reproductive tillers can be equally effective as that of …
Biotechnology In The Improvement Of Forage Crops,
2025
University of Florida
Biotechnology In The Improvement Of Forage Crops, Indra K. Vasil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Major advances in the cellular and molecular biology of plants recently have created new opportunities for the application of the many novel methods of biotechnology to the genetic modification and improvement of crop plants. The techniques of plant cell culture, particularly those allowing the regeneration of plants from single cells, play an important and integral role in the various strategies currently being pursued for plant improvement by unconventional means. In the past, initiation and maintenance of, as well as plant regeneration from, tissue cultures of species of the Gramineae (Poaceae) proved to be difficult. Nevertheless, cultures capable of plant regeneration …
Present State Of Grassland Production And Utilization And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Humid Tropical Asia,
2025
Udayana University
Present State Of Grassland Production And Utilization And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Humid Tropical Asia, I M. Nitis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage in humid tropical Asia consists of natural pasture, crop residues, shrub and tree leaves. Reserch has shown that the yield and quality of such forage can be increased and performance of the livestock utilizing such forage can be improved. Grassland farming contributes to the feed supply for livestock, to conservation, and is one component of an integration, which may increase economic returns and maintain the ecological balance of the region. Future research emphases on companion cropping, three strata forage, development of tidal flooding areas, agroforestry, carbon/nitrogen cyling, pasture persistency, seed production, post harvest, forage utilization and farming modelling are …
Grassland Resources And Future Development Of Grassland Farming In Temperate China,
2025
Northeast Normal University
Grassland Resources And Future Development Of Grassland Farming In Temperate China, Zhu Tingcheng, Li Jiandong, Zu Yuangang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the first part of the paper the grassland resources in the semiarid area of China are descrived. Grasslands cover 2.86 million km2 of the total territory and 100 million livestock are being raised there. Steppes and meadows are classified into several types according to the ecological types of the dominant species and environments, etc. Area, geographical distribution, community structure, species composition, dynamics, nutritive value of herbages, primary production and utilization of each grassland type are outlined. In the second part, the necessity to promote grassland farming and the possibility of its development are discussed based upon the land, population, …
An Interdisciplinary Approach For Increasing Yield And Improving Quality Of Forages,
2025
CSIRO
An Interdisciplinary Approach For Increasing Yield And Improving Quality Of Forages, J R. Wilson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The contribution of some basic plant disciplines, principally physiology and histology, to the improvement of pasture yield and quality is discussed. Studies of temperate pasture grasses have identified several sources of loss of potential yield and have provided selection criteria for increasing yield. Integration of this physiological research with studies of forage consumption on the same pastures is proving a valuable inter- disciplinary approach to defining management options for maximising pasture and/or animal productivity. In tropical grasses, research towards increasing total dry matter yield is perhaps unwarranted but there is need for more co-operative studies involving plant and animal scientists …
Contribution Of Grassland Science To The Development Of Forage Production And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Japan,
2025
Chiba University
Contribution Of Grassland Science To The Development Of Forage Production And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Japan, H Oizumi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilization of grassland in Japan dates to fairy old times, but its real improvement in terms of industry did not start until the termination of the World War II. As the climatic conditions in Japan differ very much from those of European coutries, the style of grassland farming in Japan is somewhat different from that of Europe. The improvement of grassland farming in Japan after the World War II was divided into four stages, according to the tendency of the number of cattle and the acreage of forage crops. The Japanese Society of Grassland Science was established in 1954. …
