The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland,
2023
Research Institute of Crop Production, Czech Republic
The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland, V. Pavlů, Michal Hejcman, L. Pavlů, Jan Gaisler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A transformation process in the Czech economy led to a rapid decrease in livestock numbers in the Czech Republic and an enlarged area of grasslands at the beginning of 1990’s. The result was extensification of grassland management and also abandonment in marginal areas. The main purpose of this study was to reveal how different managements affect plant species diversity of previously abandoned grassland.
Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia,
2023
Ellinbank Research Institute, Australia
Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, A. Melland, K. I. Peverill, P. Strickland, J. M. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On-farm management of fertiliser is of major economic significance to the Australian grazing industries, based on expenditure on fertiliser and higher farm productivity that fertiliser use supports. However the application of fertiliser has traditionally been an inexact and inefficient process (Peverill et al. 1999) and there is increasing pressure for nutrient losses from agriculture to be minimised. The improved adoption and application of tools like soil testing can make substantial improvements in nutrient use efficiency but interpretation needs to be based on the best available information. This paper reports on the collation of current and historical experimental data relating to …
The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland,
2023
MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland, R. Nevalainen, A. Huuskonen, S. Jaakola, J. Kiljala, E. Joki-Tokola
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The coastal meadows of Finland have gained a new interest as a summer pasture for cattle. These habitats have great historical, aesthetic and biological value (Pessa & Anttila, 2000). Typical features of the coastal meadows are the varying vegetation zones and wet, sometimes waterlogged, soils. The meadows are important nesting and feeding habitats for many water birds. When grazing ceases, reeds, trees and shrubs take over and the area loses its openness. Lately the amount of grasslands and pastures has drastically declined all over Europe. In Finland, the area of semi-natural biotopes has decreased to 1% of what it had …
Grazing Animal Production Systems And Grazing Land Characteristics In A Semi-Arid Region Of Greece,
2023
Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
Grazing Animal Production Systems And Grazing Land Characteristics In A Semi-Arid Region Of Greece, I. Hadjigeorgiou, G. Economou, D. Lolis, N. Moustakas, G. Zervas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rough grazing in Greece cover about 40% of the total land area, is publicly owned and managed extensively (Hadjigeorgiou et al., 2002). The Prefecture of Larisa is in the centre of Greece, and has 212,000 ha of rough grazing land, with a variable topography ranging from sea level up to 3,000 m a.s.l. This area is utilized by a total population of 135,000 LU (mainly sheep, goats and some suckler cows), which consumes annually an appreciable fraction of their total nutrient requirements from rough grazing.
Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep,
2023
CSIRO, Australia
Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep, K. C. Hodgkinson, W. J. Muller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing of sheep in marginal semi-arid environments is risky because grazing appears to predispose grass plants, especially palatable species, to sudden death (Hodgkinson, 1994; 1995). These early observations were based on a preliminary analysis of perennial grass survival in a single drought and supported the concept of tactical grazing proposed by Westoby et al. (1989) as a preferred management. Later this idea was developed by suggesting the existence of critical thresholds for perennial grass survival, which when crossed, collapses grass populations (Hodgkinson, 1994). Here we examine the relationship between mortality of a palatable perennial grass, Thyridolepis mitchelliana, and a …
The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes,
2023
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes, James P. Muir, T. J. Butler, W. R. Ocumpaugh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Only a handful of well-adapted herbaceous summer forage legumes are currently marketed for drier regions of North America and even fewer are true natives. There is a growing demand for native germplasm in the region as a new generation of landowner attempts to return grasslands to a semblance of their original species and diversity. The objective of this paper is to describe preliminary research results of a grasslands team collecting, studying and promulgating native leguminous germplasm in Texas.
Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity,
2023
Utah State University
Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity, J. T. Du Toit
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mean density of livestock biomass on African rangelands now greatly exceeds that of indigenous large herbivores, although livestock cannot fully substitute for wildlife with respect to co-evolved ecosystem processes involving herbivory. The dominance of livestock in semi-arid rangelands is largely due to water provision, which uncouples livestock population dynamics from the rainfall-driven trajectories followed by indigenous ungulate species in wildlife areas. Ecological sustainability cannot be achieved with a few exotic species maintained at unprecedented biomass densities in savanna ecosystems, which are evolutionarily adapted for species-rich communities of ungulates of a wise range of sizes. Integrating wildlife and livestock in …
Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands,
2023
CIDA China-Canada Sustainable Agriculture Project, Canada
Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands, B. P. Fritz, M. Zhao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Overgrazing, mainly caused by Cashmere goats, is contributing to the desertification of West Erdos fragile grasslands resulting in the threat of extinction of several endangered wild plant species. This transition area between desert and grassland includes some 400,000 ha and some 72 unique, relic and endangered plant species. The area is home to 5,000 inhabitants, mainly subsistent goat farming families and coal mining activity. Industrial land use in the reserve adds additional economic pressure to herders operating on a shrinking land base. This phenomenon has elicited the entrenched, traditional response of producing more livestock thus jeopardizing current levels of production …
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe,
2023
Njeremoto Biodiversity Institute, Zimbabwe
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe, O. Mugweni, R. Mugweni
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Shona culture the land, i.e. the plants, animals, soil, water, air and others, evolved with herding animals. Hence, the absence of one results in the destruction of the other. It is argued that the conventional grazing management belief that too many animals cause overgrazing is a misconception of the semi-arid savanna environments of Southern Africa where these environments evolved with thousands of herding grazers and mega-faunas such as elephants, wildebeests and buffalo. The objective of the research is to establish that grazing with an adequate recovery period for grazed plants, as a result of domesticated animals being managed …
Profitable And Sustainable Grazing Systems For Livestock Producers With Saline Land In Southern Australia,
2023
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia
Profitable And Sustainable Grazing Systems For Livestock Producers With Saline Land In Southern Australia, N. J. Edwards, D. G. Masters, Edward G. Barrett-Lennard, M. Hebart, M. Mccaskill, W. King, W. Mason
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dryland salinity affects over 2.5 M ha in Australia, mostly in southern states and is expanding at 3-5% per year (NLWRA, 2001). The prognosis is for considerable expansion of the area affected by salinity and waterlogging (12–17 M ha at equilibrium), because groundwater levels continue to rise and only small-scale land management programmes have been implemented. In addition, many waterways are increasingly saline, especially in the Murray Darling Basin and in Western Australia (WA). Sustainable Grazing on Saline Land (SGSL) addresses the need to make productive use of saline land and water resources. Its research component operates at 12 sites …
Glm+ Delivers Improved Natural Resource Management And Production Outcomes To Extensive Grazing Properties In The Savannas Of Semi-Arid North Queensland, Australia,
2023
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Australia
Glm+ Delivers Improved Natural Resource Management And Production Outcomes To Extensive Grazing Properties In The Savannas Of Semi-Arid North Queensland, Australia, Joe W. Rolfe, K. Shaw
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Native pastures are the main feed resource on extensive cattle grazing properties (each usually >25,000 ha) in the savannas of semi-arid north Australia and it is widely accepted that condition of many important land types is declining. A wealth of resource information is publicly available but it is usually complex in nature, diffuse and not presented in terms readily understood by land managers. Extension agencies have also moved towards information delivery using group processes that are not readily accepted by remote land managers. The GLM+ program uses concepts and tools from the Grazing Land Management (GLM) workshop (Chilcott et al. …
The Milk Yield By Cinisara Cows In Different Management Systems: 1. Effect Of Season Of Calving,
2023
Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
The Milk Yield By Cinisara Cows In Different Management Systems: 1. Effect Of Season Of Calving, C. Giosuè, M. Alabiso, M. L. Alicata, G. Parrino
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Cinisara cow is Sicilian autochthonous breed; the milk has very interesting qualitative characteristics (chemical, physical and technologic parameters, principally due to its high part β of K casein) and is processed to make Caciocavallo cheese. Characteristics of milk yield are influenced by exogenous factors, such as management system, lactation number and season of calving. Pastures provide the basic feed but grazing is not continuous through the year. The aim of this research was to optimize the distribution of production over the year through the study of the effect of season of calving on qualitative characteristics of milk from Cinisara …
Cow-Calf Production On Perennial Pastures In The Central Semi-Arid Region Of Argentina,
2023
INTA, Argentina
Cow-Calf Production On Perennial Pastures In The Central Semi-Arid Region Of Argentina, C. A. Frasinelli, K. Frigerio, J. Martínez Ferrer, J. H. Veneciano
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In cow-calf production systems in San Luis, the annual crops are heavily used (eastern region) or the natural pastures are over-used (western region). Both cases constitute unsustainable systems. In the present study, the possibility of structuring an efficient and stable stockbreeding agroecosystem based exclusively on perennial summer grasses was tested. The objectives were: 1) to test a cow-calf production system based on perennial pastures: Digitaria (Digitaria eriantha Steudel subsp. eriantha cv Irene), without protein supplement during winter, and 2) to determine the physical and economical efficiency of the production system and sustainability of such indicators in the short-term (6 …
Growth Performance Of Crossbred Steers On Unfertilised Mountain Pastures At Low Stocking Rates,
2023
Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Switzerland
Growth Performance Of Crossbred Steers On Unfertilised Mountain Pastures At Low Stocking Rates, A. Chassot, J. Troxler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As a consequence of increasing economic pressure on Swiss agriculture, marginal areas are threatened by abandonment, especially in the mountainous regions. Using these areas for extensive beef production might preserve an open landscape and favour biodiversity. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers on an unfertilised mountain pasture to study the effects of a reduction of stocking rate on the growth of the animals and on changes in the vegetation.
Snp Discovery And Haplotypic Variation In Full-Length Herbage Quality Genes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.),
2023
Molecular Plant Breeding Cooperative Research Centre, Australia
Snp Discovery And Haplotypic Variation In Full-Length Herbage Quality Genes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), R. C. Ponting, M. C. Drayton, N. O. I. Cogan, G. C. Spangenberg, K. F. Smith, J. W. Forster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The development of forages with enhanced nutritive value through improvements of herbage quality (digestibility, carbohydrate content) is potentially capable of increasing both meat and milk production by up to 25%. However, the expense and time-consuming nature of the relevant biochemical and biophysical assays has limited breeding improvement for forage quality. The development of accurate high-throughput molecular marker-based selection systems such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) permits evaluation of genetic variation and selection of favourable variants to accelerate the production of elite new varieties.
Use Of Cross-Species Amplification Markers For Pollen-Medicated Gene Flow Determination In Trifolium Polymorphum Poiret,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Use Of Cross-Species Amplification Markers For Pollen-Medicated Gene Flow Determination In Trifolium Polymorphum Poiret, M. Dalla Rizza, D. Real, R. Reyno, K. Quesenberry
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The species Trifolium polymorphum Poiret is endemic to Uruguay and is widespread in native grasslands throughout the country. Preliminary observations suggested that the aerial flowers are chasmogamous (open at maturity for potential cross-pollination) while the basal flowers are cleistogamous. Several approaches have been practised to determine the reproductive system of forage legumes by the aid of co-dominant markers (Real et al., 2004; Dalla Rizza et al., 2004). The aim of this study is to explore cross-species amplification as a quick approach to obtain co-dominant markers to study the breeding system of T. polymorphum.
Development Of Genetic Markers For Drought Tolerance In Festuca-Lolium Complexes,
2023
Michigan State University
Development Of Genetic Markers For Drought Tolerance In Festuca-Lolium Complexes, J. P. Wang, S. S. Bughrara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Drought stress is one of the most complex environmental constraints on turf. It is a major factor limiting the growth of cool-season turf grasses in a wide range of climatic regions. As water conservation becomes increasingly limiting, the development of drought tolerant lines becomes important. However, the progress in breeding turfgrass for drought resistance has been very slow, primarily because of the genetic complexity of drought stress responses and lack of screening procedures for rapid selection of germplasm with superior drought tolerance. Marker assisted selection (MAS) provides breeders with valuable tools to develop newer germplasm with improved drought tolerance (Quarrie …
Isolation And Characterisation Of Genes Encoding Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition Proteins (Irips) In The Cryophilic Antarctic Hair-Grass (Deschampsia Antarctica) And The Temperate Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne),
2023
La Trobe University, Australia
Isolation And Characterisation Of Genes Encoding Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition Proteins (Irips) In The Cryophilic Antarctic Hair-Grass (Deschampsia Antarctica) And The Temperate Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), U. P. John, R. M. Polotnianka, K. A. Sivakumaran, L. Mackin, M. J. Kuiper, J. P. Talbot, O. Chew, G. D. Nugent, N. O. I. Cogan, M. C. Drayton, J. W. Forster, G. E. Schrauf, G. C. Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Antarctic hairgrass (D. antarctica Desv.), the only grass species indigenous to Antarctica, has a well developed tolerance of freezing, strongly induced by cold-acclimation. In response to low temperatures D. antarctica exhibits recrystallisation inhibition (RI) activity, localised to the apoplasm, that prevents further growth of ice crystals following freezing.
Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems,
2023
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India
Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems, P. S. Pathak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In India, 187 M ha out of a total area of 328 M ha face the problem of land degradation, mostly due to water and wind erosion. The problems are aggravated by poor land cover and increasing pressure of human and livestock populations. There is over-exploitation of the scarce resources of forage and firewood. Several techniques, including watershed based silvopastoral land use have been proposed (Patil & Pathak, 1977). Tree, grass and legume based systems have been tried after land treatment to reduce runoff and soil loss while meeting the forage needs of the livestock and firewood for cooking in …
Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production,
2023
Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes, Cuba
Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production, J. M. Iglesias, L. Simón, L. Lamela, I. Hernández, M. Milera, T. Sánchez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The silvopastoral systems, that nowadays constitute scientific achievements of the Grasses and Forages Research Station “Indio Hatuey ", have been developed from the results of investigations that were carried out since the 1980s, to improve the productivity of natural pastures through the introduction of valuable herbaceous species and tree legumes. Those investigations also determined the essential elements of pasture management such as the optimal stocking rates for low input systems and suitable methods of grazing to obtain sustainability of grasslands.
