Evaluation Of A White Clover Variety With Increased Resistance To Stem Nematode (Ditylenchus Dipsaci) Under Sheep Grazing And Cutting,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Evaluation Of A White Clover Variety With Increased Resistance To Stem Nematode (Ditylenchus Dipsaci) Under Sheep Grazing And Cutting, T. A. Williams, M. T. Abberton, K. A. Mizen, P. Olyott, R. Cook
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev) is a major pest of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in UK pastures (Cook et al., 1992a) and in other parts of the world. In a previous trial, resistant and susceptible selections yielded the same in three years in the absence of the nematode but, on infested plots, the susceptible yielded the same as the resistant selection in year 1 but only 68 and 58% in years 2 and 3, as the nematode infestation increased (Cook et al., 1992b). We have now developed varieties with enhanced resistance to this pest …
Relationships Between Nitrogenase Activity, Dry Forage And Water Soluble Carbohydrates Content Of Selected Red Clover Genotypes,
2023
Research Institute of Crop Production, Czech Republic
Relationships Between Nitrogenase Activity, Dry Forage And Water Soluble Carbohydrates Content Of Selected Red Clover Genotypes, T. Simon, H. Jakesova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improving N2 fixation of perennial forage legumes through selection and breeding reduce reliance on soil N and N fertiliser, whilst enhancing residual benefits to subsequent crops and increasing legume forage dry matter (DM) yield. Simultaneously with the selection for enhanced N fixation, new legume genotypes should be evaluated on forage quality, especially nutrient concentration and dry matter digestibility.
Evaluation Of Lucerne Cultivars For Dry Matter And Seed Production In Latvia,
2023
Skriveri Research Centre of LUA, Latvia
Evaluation Of Lucerne Cultivars For Dry Matter And Seed Production In Latvia, S. Rancane, M. Sparnina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne is highly productivity and has a high quality. Nevertheless, lucerne growing in Latvia is limited, because of a large area of acid soils (pHKCl<5.8) as well as low and unstable seed yields (Berzins, 2002). In recent years lucerne has taken a more important place in forage production in Latvia, because it is a fast growing crop and in good years gives 3-4 harvests per season. It is important to determine which cultivars of lucerne are more productive and give good seed yields every year in Latvia (Luksa, 2002).
Factor Analysis Of Components Of Yield And Quality Traits In Lucerne (Medicago Sativa),
2023
Scientific Boards of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
Factor Analysis Of Components Of Yield And Quality Traits In Lucerne (Medicago Sativa), A. A. Jafari, A. Ghamari Zare
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) originated from Iran and is one of the most important forage species in this country. The improvement in yield and quality traits are important objectives in breeding programmes. Smith et al. (1997) indicated that in the context of dairy production ranked digestibility was the most important criterion whilst high crude protein and low fibre content were of moderate priority. This study sought to determine the dependence relationships between yield, morphological and quality traits in 64 genotypes.
Genetic Variability In Different Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Genotypes,
2023
Institute Serbia, Centre for Forage Crops, Serbia and Montenegro
Genetic Variability In Different Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Genotypes, V. Mikić, J. Radović, Z. Lugić, D. Lazarević
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One of the basic goals of modern lucerne breeding programmes is creation of new cultivars with a great potential for high quality and stable yields of both forage and hay (Riday & Brummer, 2002). Such cultivars meet increased needs of animal husbandry and must contribute to diverse farming systems (Luki , 2000). Our trial was aimed at determining genetic variability of yield components in 7 lucerne genotypes, as well as at evaluation of their breeding potential as gene donors to new lucerne cultivars
Aluminum Tolerance In The Model Legume Medicago Truncatula,
2023
The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Aluminum Tolerance In The Model Legume Medicago Truncatula, M. K. Sledge, B. Narasimhamoorthy, P. Pechter, J. H. Bouton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal found in the earth's crust, comprising up to 7% of its mass. At low pH, Al becomes soluble and available to plants, resulting in inhibition of root elongation and reduced plant growth. Aluminum toxicity associated with acid soils has been a major obstacle in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production. The objective of this study is to identify genes that are differentially expressed under normal and Al stress conditions in the model legume M. truncatula, with the long term goal of using these genes to improve cultivated alfalfa.
Persistence And Yield Of Ten Lucerne Cultivars Under Dryland And Heavy Continuous Grazing In The Western Cape Province Of South Africa,
2023
ARC Range & Forage Institute, South Africa
Persistence And Yield Of Ten Lucerne Cultivars Under Dryland And Heavy Continuous Grazing In The Western Cape Province Of South Africa, J. M. Van Heerden
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures in the Rûens region of the Western Cape are mainly legume based with lucerne being the most important and productive legume used (van Heerden & Tainton, 1987). Most pastures are sown to the land race cultivar SA Standard (SAS). Grazing resistance of SAS is high, but relative to other imported cultivars resistance to endemic insect and other pests is poor. This study therefore involves the evaluation for yield and persistence of nine new cultivars compared to SAS under local grazing conditions.
The Genetic Charactaristic Of Salt Tolerance At The Stage Of Seed Germination In Lucerne,
2023
China Agricultural University, China
The Genetic Charactaristic Of Salt Tolerance At The Stage Of Seed Germination In Lucerne, H. Zhou, Q. Yang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Superweak luminescence exists in all animal and plants; it shows important genetic information. We report the relationship between superweak luminescence and genetic characteristics to salt resistant in lucerne (Medicago sativa). The method can quickly and exactly evaluate the salt-resistance of plants.
Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne,
2023
Beijing Agricultural College, China
Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne, Q. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. N. Tongquan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) with its good quality and ease of cultivation occupies an important position in animal feeding. Salinity is a major constraint of crop productivity, because it reduces yield and limits expansion of agriculture. Na+ /H+ antiporter catalyses the counter transport of Na+ and H+ across membranes. Vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter plays an important role in developing salt-tolerance of plants. Therefore, we could use the gene involved in this mechanism to modify salt tolerance of lucerne.
Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23, A. Kingston-Smith, P. W. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Breeding diploid perennial ryegrass for improved dry matter yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions has reduced the nitrogen (N) concentration of the herbage (Wilkins et al., 2003). Reduced N concentration in the ruminant diet is one potential way to reduce losses of N to the environment by reducing the amount of N that animals excrete. The underlying physiological basis of this increased N-use efficiency in ryegrass was investigated.
Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield,
2023
Iowa State University
Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield, E. C. Brummer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most forage crops have not experienced yield gains as impressive as those observed in annual grains crops such as maize (Zea mays L); in fact, yield improvement in lucerne appears to have stopped in the Midwestern USA (Riday and Brummer, 2002). I contend that much of this disparity can be explained by a failure of breeders to pursue long term recurrent selection programs within populations to capitalize on small, incremental improvements in yield over time. Many selection programs last only two or three cycles, resulting in a germplasm or cultivar release. Either no further selection is attempted or the …
Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters,
2023
Plant Protection Agency, Brazil
Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters, R. Usberti, J. A. Usberti Jr., R. H. Aguiar, L. M. T. A. Carneiro, J. B. Fantinati, F. G. Francisco
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Elephantgrass cultivars and introductions show practically no viable pure seeds and their uses in cultivated grasslands are exclusively dependent on vegetative propagation. Therefore, in large areas, sowing operation costs make unfeasible setting up new pastures. On the other hand, pearl millet is a high seed producer species though presenting some forage constraints (poor forage production, low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing and low field persistence). Recently, an hexaploid interespecific hybrid between the two species was developed (Schank & Diz, 1996), which is able to produce viable pure seeds, in variable amounts according to the genotype considered (Diz & Schank, …
Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay, Mónica Rebuffo, Federico Condon, María José Cuitiño
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Local landraces are potential valuable gene sources with benefits for local agriculture. However, their in situ conservation depends on the personal motivation of farmers and the permanence of traditional farming methods (Negri, 2003). There is the latent risk of loosing landraces and site-specific naturalized germplasm due to rapid socio-economic changes in Uruguayan agriculture. Participatory conservation can provide the necessary synergy between farmers, extension services, geneticists and genebank to achieve the goal of conserving these genetic resources. Although farmers' involvement in germplasm collection is common, particularly for vegetable crops, most forage collections had been done from fields or sideroad areas, therefore …
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time,
2023
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Belgium
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Since the use of nitrogen fertilisers is reduced, swards based on grass-clover mixtures regain importance in grassland production. Management of these swards is more complicated than the management of pure grass swards. The population structure will develop in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study we will test the genetic change in the clover components of grass-clover mixtures.
Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp,
2023
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp, X. Q. Zhang, S. S. Bughrara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fescues (Festuca spp.) are widely occurring temperate grasses with more than 450 species that represent a vast resource for genetic improvement of turfgrass and forage cultivars. Fescues are normally outcrossing species and exhibit many ploidy levels(x=7). Much of the work in classification of Festuca is predominantly based on morphological and cytological features. Difficulties in morphological characterization, which are largely subjected to environmental influences, have resulted in many synonymous species and uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships. DNA fingerprinting is considered a more stable and reliable technique to explore genetic diversity and relationships.
Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?,
2023
Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Switzerland
Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?, B. Boller, R. Kölliker
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cultivars of perennial grass species are usually synthetics with a limited number of constituent parental clones, prone to inbreeding depression. Plant breeders aim at a balance between intensity of selection and maintenance of genetic diversity when making their choice of parent clones in an intuitive way, aided by fragmentary pedigree information. Molecular markers offer new opportunities for assessing genetic diversity among selected plants. The objective of the investigation presented here is to check if the genetic distance as measured by AFLP polymorphisms reflects consanguinity among Festuca pratensis individuals from our breeding programme.
Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina,
2023
INTA, Argentina
Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina, A. Andrés, B. S. Rosso, J. De Battista, M. Acuña
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important annual grasses used in Argentina because it adapts better to the intensive animal system of the Humid Pampas than other annual forage grass. Although much research has been done to study its productive potential and management technologies, little work has focused on breeding and selection. There is ample evidence that genetic variability occurs within grass species (Snaydon, 1987; Andrés and Barufaldi, 1997) both in morphology and physiology. As a result the variation of attributes related with yield potential, quality and adaptation to different management systems, is often used …
Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards,
2023
INRA, France
Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards, C. Straub, G. Boutet, Christian Huyghe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ryegrass varieties are synthetics, with a wide within-variety genetic variance for most traits. Ryegrass swards are likely to experience genetic changes with seasons and years because of plant death, asymmetric vegetative reproduction or plant recruitment through reproduction or seed immigration. These changes may be related to or induce changes in agronomic traits, such as biomass production or dry matter composition. The present research was undertaken to measure genetic changes in swards obtained from sowings of a single variety of ryegrass. These changes were evaluated using both neutral molecular markers and morphological traits. The present paper deals with the molecular markers.
Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars,
2023
Hamilton Centre, Australia
Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. R. Bannan, R. C. Ponting, J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cultivar differentiation using molecular markers to assess genetic variation may be of value in obtaining or protecting plant breeders rights. A knowledge of genetic variation and how it is structured within perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations will also help us understand the consequences to fitness and adaptation when implementing molecular breeding strategies. In a study of the population genetic structure of a number of perennial ryegrass varieties we examined the cultivar differentiation potential of marker technology.
Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass,
2023
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass, U. K. Posselt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant breeders are concerned with the diversity among and within breeding populations, because it largely determines the future prospects of success in breeding programs. DNA markers provide a powerful tool for the assessment of genetic diversity. The relationship between genetic diversity and heterosis has been investigated in several species (Melchinger, 1999). In hybrid breeding programs divergent genepools have been established in the past, according to heterotic patterns based on testcross information. In the last decade it has been shown, that new breeding materials can be assigned to already existing gene pools using molecular markers. The phenomenon of heterosis has been …
