Fencing Lands To Enhanced Climate Change Resilience, Promoting Biodiversity Regeneration And Improved Livelihoods Of Climate Change In Makueni County,
2024
African Alliance for Health, Research and Economic Development, Kenya
Fencing Lands To Enhanced Climate Change Resilience, Promoting Biodiversity Regeneration And Improved Livelihoods Of Climate Change In Makueni County, Frank Wesonga, Francis Keya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Kenya is a food insecure country, weather patterns are drastically changing and people are losing livelihoods and earnings when their lands dry, water for domestic supply lacks and livestock die further frustrating livelihoods of the poor. This paper briefly discusses Fencing of lands as prerequisite to biodiversity protection and faster water retention mechanism, through tree planting, enhancing CO2 sequestration as trees, shrubs and vegetation’s find suitable environment to grow. Baringo and Makueni County are characterized by unsustainable agriculture, environmental degradation resulting from soil erosion, high poverty levels and food insecurity due to unpredictable dry spells and climate change. The present …
Effects Of Intrinsic Tannins On Metabolome During Sainfoin Ensiling,
2024
University of Kentucky
Effects Of Intrinsic Tannins On Metabolome During Sainfoin Ensiling, Rongzheng Huang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Condensed tannins (CT) from sainfoin have a high capacity to inhibit proteolysis. The objective of the present study was to investigated the effects of CT (following supplementation of deactivated CT with polyethylene glycol [PEG]) on metabolome during sainfoin ensiling. As results, in total, 510 metabolites were identified after 60 d of sainfoin ensiling, with 33 metabolites were annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Among those metabolites, phospholipids were the most abundant (72.7% of total 33 metabolites). In addition, 10 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated metabolites, respectively, were identified in the PEG treated group when compared with …
Physically Adjusted Ndf: Integrating Forage Physical Form With Diet Complexity On The Farm,
2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Physically Adjusted Ndf: Integrating Forage Physical Form With Diet Complexity On The Farm, P. J. Kononoff, M. B. Hall
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Physical form of forages and their neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content are crucial in ruminant diets for maintaining a healthy rumen and a productive animal. A challenge has been in taking the concept from its research base and applying it successfully in varied diets. A new system for physically adjusted NDF (paNDF) offers an option. It takes into account the forage, NDF, starch and other components in the diet and uses the Penn State Particle Separator on farm to assess total mixed ration particle size to provide recommendations on directions to move the diet to maintain a healthy rumen. This …
Pasture Production And Grazing System In Assist Project: Outcome And Replication Viability In Nigeria For Sustainable Ruminant Production,
2024
Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Pasture Production And Grazing System In Assist Project: Outcome And Replication Viability In Nigeria For Sustainable Ruminant Production, Okanlade A. Lawal-Adebowale, M. J. Rivero, J. Hunt, Sarah Morgan, Hannah Fleming, R. Pywell, Jonathan Storkey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As important as pasture is to productive management of cattle, sheep and goats, intensive development of grassland for ruminant animals is rare in Nigeria largely due to no conscious effort at pasture cultivation in the country. Consequently, nomadic and free grazing systems remain a practice in the country, with resultant poor animal productivity and agro-related conflicts between ruminant keepers and crop farmers and/or agro-processors. The need to revert this situation underscored the exploration of the potential value of the innovative pasture production and grazing management system tested under the Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (ASSIST) programmme in Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom, …
Drought Tolerance Dissection And Molecular Breeding In Alfalfa,
2024
Lanzhou University, China
Drought Tolerance Dissection And Molecular Breeding In Alfalfa, Luo Dong, Qiang Zhou, Xueming Dong, Wenxian Liu, Zhipeng Liu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Drought stress is one of the leading impediments that limit the productivity of global alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms for drought tolerance in alfalfa remain largely unclear. In order to fully reveal the transcriptional changes of alfalfa in response to abiotic stress, the alfalfa transcriptome database under mannitol (simulated drought stress), NaCl (simulated salt stress), or exogenous ABA application was built via various RNA-seq technologies. Through further screening of the transcriptome database, a number of genes significantly induced by drought stress, such as the Nuclear Transport Factor 2-like (MsNTF2L), Drought-Induced Unknown Protein 1 (MsDIUP1), …
Effects Of Incorporation Of Sainfoin (Onobrychis Viciafolia Scop.) With Cool Season Grasses On In Vitro Digestibility And Ch4 Emission,
2024
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Effects Of Incorporation Of Sainfoin (Onobrychis Viciafolia Scop.) With Cool Season Grasses On In Vitro Digestibility And Ch4 Emission, H. P. Poudel, Y. Wang, T. Mcallister, Z. J. Zu, B. Eisenreich, S. Acharya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciafolia Scop.) is an important non-bloating perennial leguminous forage. The tannins in sainfoin alter protein metabolism in the rumen and have been implicated in altering both nitrous oxide and methane emissions. However, the effect of sainfoin when mixed with cool-season forages is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the in-vitro fermentation of sainfoin hay mixed with two other perennial cool-season forages, meadow bromegrass and orchardgrass at five ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:50, and 100:0). Data on dry matter disappearance (DMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD), gas production (GP) methane (CH4) emissions, and ammonia production were collected …
Condensed Tannins And Total Phenols In Stylosanthes Spp.,
2024
Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
Condensed Tannins And Total Phenols In Stylosanthes Spp., M. V. F. Santos, J. P. Muir, O. F. Oliveira, I. M. Macêdo, W. P. S. Diniz, M. V. Cunha, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., M. A. Lira, R. L. C. Ferrreira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rangelands, such as the species of the genus Stylosanthes, are plants highly selected by animals and represent an important forage source for livestock in the Northeast region of Brazil. Plants of this genus are naturally occurring in several places in Brazil and other semi-arid areas. The variability of condensed tannins and total phenols in different Stylosanthes accessions is still poorly characterized. Based on that, the objective of this study was to quantify the content of condensed tannins and total phenols of Stylosanthes accessions collected in different physiographic zones of the State of Pernambuco and cultivated in germplasm banks. The …
Forage Production Is Not Changed In Dwarf Elephantgrass Swards Managed In A Wide Range Of Pre-Grazing Canopy Heights,
2024
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
Forage Production Is Not Changed In Dwarf Elephantgrass Swards Managed In A Wide Range Of Pre-Grazing Canopy Heights, V. Y. M. Moncada, K. C. Vargas, D. A. Barreta, D. S. Comassetto, F. C. S. Gislon, E. R. Ribeiro, D. Moraes, A. F. Sbrissa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Height corresponding to the critical leaf area index (LAI) has been successfully used to define pre-grazing management targets in pastures subjected to intermittent stocking. However, studies on short/stoloniferous grasses have demonstrated that it is possible to manage pastures at heights below those corresponding to the critical LAI (with a threshold grazing height of approximately 65% of those corresponding to the critical LAI) and achieve a similar forage yield, provided that the severity of defoliation does not exceed 50 percent of the pre-grazing height. In this study, we hypothesized that in tall tussock grasses (such as elephant grass), the amplitude of …
Brix As An Indicator Of Sugar Content And Nutritive Value In Alfalfa And Orchardgrass Herbage,
2024
USDA-ARS
Brix As An Indicator Of Sugar Content And Nutritive Value In Alfalfa And Orchardgrass Herbage, Eric D. Billman, K. Soder, J. Horst, K. Balk, A. Hafla
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Brix, a measurement of total dissolved solids in solution, has been used by forage producers to provide real-time estimates of energy content of fresh herbage. However, its efficacy has never been validated in herbage through wet chemistry testing and comparisons with other nutritive value parameters. This study compared and correlated Brix measurements with sugar concentrations and common nutritive value parameters relating to protein, fiber, and energy to determine the viability of using Brix to predict when to graze or harvest fresh herbage. Brix measurements were collected monthly on fresh herbage samples of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis …
Integrating Livestock And Cropping Systems: Interseeding Cereal Rye Into Corn For Late Season Grazing,
2024
USDA-ARS
Integrating Livestock And Cropping Systems: Interseeding Cereal Rye Into Corn For Late Season Grazing, K. J. Soder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Corn (Zea mays) grown for grain is harvested too late in the year in many temperate regions to establish a cover crop to provide winter ground cover and an opportunity for late season grazing. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of interseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) into corn for use as grazed forage after corn grain harvest on corn grain yield and additional grazing day/ha. In a 4-year study, corn was planted (64,246 plants/ha) in spring on two, 4.8-ha fields in central Pennsylvania. Cereal rye was interseeded (135 kg/ha) into the corn …
Organization Of Indigenous Dairy Cattle Production System In Murunkan Veterinary Region In Mannar District, Sri Lanka,
2024
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Organization Of Indigenous Dairy Cattle Production System In Murunkan Veterinary Region In Mannar District, Sri Lanka, Rmus Bandara, S. Fernando, S. C. Somasiri
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The dairy sector in Murunkan veterinary region in Mannar district in the northern province, Sri Lanka was adversely affected by the 30-year-long civil war which ended in 2009. The post-war recovering dairy sector in the region produced 2.11 million litres of milk in 2017. However, the lack of updated information constrained the sector’s development and identification of development interventions. Hence, this study was designed to review the organization of the dairy production system in the Murunkan veterinary region in Mannar district. A survey was conducted involving 100 dairy cattle farmers selected from 40 villages in the Murunkan veterinary region using …
Building Partnerships To Address Social And Technological Challenges To Enhance Farm Profitability And Improve Water Quality Through Better Grassland Management,
2024
Virginia Cooperative Extension
Building Partnerships To Address Social And Technological Challenges To Enhance Farm Profitability And Improve Water Quality Through Better Grassland Management, C. C. Stafford, R. A. Clark, L. Ritchie, J. Dudding, G. Pent, J. Fike, J. Benner, C. Swanson, S. Baker, T. Mize, V. Temu, K. Payne, D. Gill, D. Mullins, R. Mcguire, C. Teutsch, W. Thomason, A. Grev, P. Blevins, T. P. Clarke, M. Poore, M. Booher, T. Stanley, G. Halich, J. Bovay, S. Jones, K. Love, A. Hilliard, A. Byington, E. Mullins, I. Haugen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With 2.1 million acres of pastureland and 1.25 million acres of hay land in Virginia, the rural Virginia landscape is predominately grassland. These lands form the base of the $3.96 billion-dollar livestock and dairy industry in Virginia. Managing these livestock in a profitable manner for farmers and beneficial to the environment is important. A cultural tradition with roots in colonial times has been to run animals in large fields year-round throughout Virginia. Livestock often graze from spring until fall (about 220 days), and farmers feed hay the remainder of the year. Spikes in the cost of fuel, fertilizer, and equipment …
Effects Of Different Production Systems On The Nutrient Density Of Beef,
2024
Utah State University
Effects Of Different Production Systems On The Nutrient Density Of Beef, T. Statham, J. Cloward, N. Evans, S. Van Vliet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As concerns regarding beef production systems on human health and animal welfare become more apparent, consumer interest in pasture-raised livestock has been steadily on the rise in the US. Such interest has increasingly led to questions about potential nutritional composition differences in beef from different production systems, such as grass-fed beef and grain-fed beef. The goal of this work was to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis on a broad range of samples from the US beef supply chain to provide insight into how different finishing systems impact the beef metabolome and nutrient density. Here, we found that 191 out of 802 …
Impacts Of Forage Cropping Decisions On Feed-Flows In Cool- Temperate Grazing Systems,
2024
AgResearch, Ltd.
Impacts Of Forage Cropping Decisions On Feed-Flows In Cool- Temperate Grazing Systems, D. R. Stevens, M. J. Casey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Intensive cool-temperate grasslands often rely on adding forage crops to help supply feed when pasture growth is limited by cool temperatures and low sunlight. We tested the impacts of using single- or multi-graze crops to alter feed supply in either summer/autumn or winter on productivity in red deer farming systems in a cool-temperate environment. The choice of single-graze or multi-graze crops to provide forage in deer grazing systems had an impact on the feed flows and the amount of pasture available, with multi-graze crops supplying more feed during the dry summer months while single-graze crops supplying more feed during the …
Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Livestock Production In The Context Of Socioeconomic And Food Security In Northern Areas Of Pakistan,
2024
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Livestock Production In The Context Of Socioeconomic And Food Security In Northern Areas Of Pakistan, Muhammad Tariq
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Due to a variety of biophysical and socioeconomic variables, food insecurity in Pakistan is noticeably higher in the mountainous areas than in the plains. In the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region, the issue of food insecurity made worse by rapid socio-economic and environmental changes as well as topographical constraints. In northern areas of Pakistan livestock is raised for many purposes, including milk, meat, wool, leather, and draft. The livestock not only contributes significantly to the region's food security but also a sizable portion of what local families eat on a daily basis at their food table. Livestock are raised using nomadic and …
Yak (Bos Grunniens): The Mammal Of Socio-Economic Importance In Gilgit- Baltistan, Pakistan,
2024
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Yak (Bos Grunniens): The Mammal Of Socio-Economic Importance In Gilgit- Baltistan, Pakistan, Muhammad Tariq, Asif Hameed
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The yaks are long-haired humped bovid, a multipurpose animal that can survive in a low oxygen and cold environment at an elevation of 2000 to 6000 meters above sea level. The animal has the ability to graze diverse foliage from coarse shrubs to short grasses. The majority of yak population is still living in central Asian highlands, which include parts of Tibet, China, Indo-Pak. Yak rearing in Pakistan is bounded to higher elevations (3,500–4,500 meters a.s.l) of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Chitral, where yak is important and places the only means of livelihood through theprovision of milk, meat, and wool, hairs …
Integrated Crop And Pasture Based Livestock Production System Success On Reclaimed Surface Coal Mined Land In South Africa,
2024
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Integrated Crop And Pasture Based Livestock Production System Success On Reclaimed Surface Coal Mined Land In South Africa, W. F. Truter, E. N. Cele
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Coal mining is the largest surface mining operation in South Africa’s grassland biome. Surface mining is leaving large tracts of land revegetated to pasture species as mining companies attempt to reclaim the agricultural potential of mined areas. Top soil management remains the key challenge to ensure agricultural productivity. During the reclamation process, newly placed soils are very often chemically, physically and microbiologically degraded, and high soil ameliorant inputs are required to catalyse agroecosystem function. These revegetated landscapes can offer good grazing capacity; however, to date there are no livestock grazing these areas, resulting in the subsequent deterioration of these new …
Grazing And Animal Welfare Of Dairy Cows In Europe, What Do We Know?,
2024
Aeres University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
Grazing And Animal Welfare Of Dairy Cows In Europe, What Do We Know?, A. Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, D. Hennessy, J. Isselstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing systems are important components of the landscape in almost all European countries. Grazing is inherently close to the nature of herbivores, but no longer applied everywhere in Europe. This paper discusses the extent of dairy cow grazing in Europe and the effect of grazing on animal welfare. The study builds on results of surveys from the European Grassland Federation (EGF) Working Group “Grazing” (WGG) in the period 2010–2022 and a focus group meeting in 2022. Data on the extent of grazing of dairy cows in Europe are provided. Europe can be divided into six distinctive regions with respect to …
Diurnal Variation In Forage Nutrient Composition And Metabolic Parameters Of Horses Grazing Warm-Season, Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures,
2024
Midway University
Diurnal Variation In Forage Nutrient Composition And Metabolic Parameters Of Horses Grazing Warm-Season, Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures, A. C. Vasco, J. Dubeux, L. Sollenberger, M. Wallau, E. Santos, J. Lance, L. Warren, C. Wickens
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although warm-season, grass-legume mixed pastures have improved nutritive value and may reduce negative environmental impacts relative to nitrogen-fertilized grass monocultures, no study has been done to evaluate their effect on diurnal variation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and other nutrients, and on the metabolic responses observed in horses’ blood and fecal samples. This 2-yr study aimed to investigate the circadian variation in nutrient composition and the fecal and blood metabolic responses in horses grazing these pastures. Forage, fecal, and blood samples were collected every 28 days at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 0000 h, in two years, for measurement of diurnal variation …
Herbage Responses And Performance Of Mature Horses Grazing Warm-Season Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures,
2024
Midway University
Herbage Responses And Performance Of Mature Horses Grazing Warm-Season Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures, A. C. Vasco, E. R. Santos, J. Lance, J. Dubeux, L. Sollenberger, M. Wallau, C. Wickens, L. Warren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Legume-grass mixtures may be a useful alternative to nitrogen-fertilized grass monocultures, but pasture and animal responses have not been assessed for pastures grazed by horses in Florida. This 2-yr study compared pasture and horse responses of continuously stocked, mixed pastures of rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth) and bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flüggé) receiving 30 kg nitrogen (N)/ha (RP-BG) compared with BG pastures fertilized with 120 kg/N ha (BG-N) or with no N (BG-No N). Herbage mass was similar among treatments in 2020 and for most evaluation days in 2019. In 2019, stocking rate (AU/ha) was greater in …
