Characterization Of Genetic Resistance To Diclofop In Italian Ryegrass,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Characterization Of Genetic Resistance To Diclofop In Italian Ryegrass, R E. Barker, G W. Mueller-Warrant, S M. Griffith, G M. Banowetz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Diclofop ( (:t)-2-[4-(2,4 • dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoic acid} has been used to control annual grasses in cereals since 1980 in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA. Populations of Italian ryegms (Lolillm multiflorum Lam.) resistant to diclofop were recently discovered. Progenies from resistant plants crossed with plants from the susceptible cvs. Marshall and Gulf were sib-mated and backcrossed to Marshall or Gulf. Resultant F2 and backcross families were screened for survival when sprayed with 1.4 kg/ha diclofop-methyl. Segregation ratios of live to dead plants showed that resistance is determined by 2 genes when a dominant allele is present at each …
Breeding Grasses For Adaptation To Environmental Problems,
2024
AFRC
Breeding Grasses For Adaptation To Environmental Problems, M O. Humphreys, M W. Humphreys, H Thomas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hybrids between perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions from Romania and Hungary were produced in an auempt to improve cold lolerance. Winter survival of hybrids was poorer than expected on the basis of parent performance. In a second breeding programme, introgression of genes from toll fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam,) was achieved using pentaploid hybrids between letraploid Italian ryegrass and hexaploid all fcscue and backcrossing twice to diploid Italian ryegrass, Good response to selection for improved drought tolerance was obtained in backcrossed progeny. It appears that in breeding for improved tolerance to …
Is There Variability For Quality In Red Clover,
2024
INRA
Is There Variability For Quality In Red Clover, C Moussett-Declas, F Faurie, J L. Tisserand
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At Dijon (Prance), 36 varieties of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (24 diploids and 12 tetraplolds) were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and silage parameters in the primary growth. All the forage compounds analysed were significantly different, WSC mean was 5.6291,, much lower than previously reported. The tetraploid varieties appeared better than diploids for CP, WSC and DMD but poorer for DM, All the silages (except two) had excellent quality with pH under 4,0 and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content under 400 mM/kg DM, Selection for quality of forage …
Problems, Potentialities And Progress In White Clover Breeding,
2024
institute of Grassland Environmental Research
Problems, Potentialities And Progress In White Clover Breeding, I Rhodes, K J. Webb, D R. Evans, R P. Collins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The paper outlines the problems associated with the use of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in northern Europe and describes the potential for, and progress in, overcoming these problems through genecic improvement. Special emphasis is placed on progress in breeding for tolerance to climatic stresses, particularly high and low temperacure and water stress which also provides options for coping with future climate change. Breeding for response to environmental and biotic factors has improved general compatibility and produced varieties with increased flexibility in grazing tolerance. Such tolerance has been achieved by changing plant morphology and also by utilising greater …
Rooting Ability In Red Clover Cuttings,
2024
Massey University
Rooting Ability In Red Clover Cuttings, H Mirzaie-Nodoushan, I L. Gordon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Because of genetic variability within cultivars, studies of cross pollinated plants often require either pure-lines or clones in order to provide fixed parents, However, in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) because of self-incompatibility, pure lines are hard to produce, Therefore, cloning is one approach for the production of replicated plants with fixed genotypes. This experiment was conducted to assess the amount of rooting potential and its variability between several genotypes. Four prostrate accessions of red clover were used as the whole-plot treatments in a split-plot experiment with 4 replications. The subplots were different portions of the plant. Percentage of …
Improving The Digestibility Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Improving The Digestibility Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses, K J. Moore, K P. Vogel, A A. Hopkins, J F. Pedersen, L E. Moser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nutritional value of perennial warm-season grasses is limited primarily by digestible energy concentration. The relatively low digestibility of these grasses is due to their high concentration of fibre and its resistance to degradation in the rumen. The objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively improvements in the digestibility of 5 experimental switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) populations in terms of a first-order digestion model in order to develop selection strategies for further improvement. The populations were developed by recurrent restricted phenotypic selection from a base population by l cycle of selection for low and 3 cycles for high …
Breeding Improved Perennial Ryegrass In Australia,
2024
Department of Food and Agriculture
Breeding Improved Perennial Ryegrass In Australia, P J. Cunningham, C K. Lee, M W. Anderson, J R. Rowe, R G. Clarke, D R. Eagling, O Villalta, H S. Easton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A phenotypic selection programme followed by half-sib family evaluation is being used for the improvement of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plants have been identified with resistance to bncley yellow dwncf luteovirus, ryegrass mosaic potyvirus and crown rust. Seedling vigour and seasonal growth have been improved relative to standard cultivars. Further evaluation of progeny performance will lead to the development of improved cultivars for Australia.
Possible Use Of Detached-Leaf Method To Evaluate Berseem Clover Germplasm For Resistance To Stemphylium Leaf Spot,
2024
Instituto Sperlmentale per la Patologia Vegetale
Possible Use Of Detached-Leaf Method To Evaluate Berseem Clover Germplasm For Resistance To Stemphylium Leaf Spot, F Montorsi, G Di Giambattista, P Martinello
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Five cultivars and S ecotypes ofberseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were tested in the laboratory with the detached-leaf method for resistance to Stemphylium botryosun. Detached leaves were inoculated in the middle with a 1.5 µI drop of a conidial suspension. Cluster analysis was used to group cultivars and ecotypes on the basis of disease severity. II categorised the tested germplasm as resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. However, the detached-leaf method used in this research needs validation with field and greenhouse experiments.
Amphitetraploid Festulolium: Chromosome Stability And Female Fertility Over Intercrossing Generations, M Ghesquiere, Z Zwierzykowski, C Poisson, J Jadas-Hecart
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A survey of chromosome stability and female fertility was carried out from 37 Lolium multiflorium x Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens amphitetraploidhybrids and 86 half-sib progenies derived from 2 subsequent intercrossing generations. The chromosome associations were mostly bivalents and the frequency of aneuploid plants was low, both remaining stable over generations. Fl hybrid selection was not active in improving female fertility of progenies but the mean number of seeds per spikelet was significantly increased by 53% within the first generation and remained significan!ly unchanged in the second generation, not very far from the level of the parental species. Therefore, these amphitetraploids …
An Agro-Ecological Approach To Breeding Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneaum L.),
2024
Department of Agriculture, AU
An Agro-Ecological Approach To Breeding Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneaum L.), P.G H. Nichols
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An ecologically based breeding method has recently been adopted by the National Subterranean Clover Improvement Programme in Australia. It differs from the traditional pedigree method by allowing F2-derived lines lo continue segregating in the F4 to F6 generations in target environments under regenerating, grazed sward conditions. Advantages of the new method include: (i) assessment of field performance in the early generations; (ii) Inclusion of regeneration processes in selection procedures; (iii) allowing effects of natural selection to act on segregating lines; and (iv) allowing regional testing centres lo become involved in early generation selection. Disadvantages include possible distortion in the direction …
White Clover To Improve Natural Grasslands In Southern Brazil,
2024
Federal University of Rio Grade do Sul
White Clover To Improve Natural Grasslands In Southern Brazil, N R. Paim
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nine white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars, among them 2 bred in Rio Grande do Sul, were evaluated in association with annuai ryegrass and pensacola bahiagrass. In a plot experiment, during 4 years, 17 harvests were cut to determine lhe dry matter (DM) yield of the mixture components. The annual ryegrass produced in· the first year 1634 kg/ha OM and in the second year, by natural reseeding, only 120 kg/ha. The pensacola bahiagrass increased DM yield from 954 kg/ha in the second year to 4588 kg/ha in the fourth year without any nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The while clover …
Relative Performance Of Three Cultivars Of Late-Heading Perennial Ryegrass Continuously Stocks By Ewes And Lambs,
2024
University of North Wales
Relative Performance Of Three Cultivars Of Late-Heading Perennial Ryegrass Continuously Stocks By Ewes And Lambs, H Clark
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three cultivars of late-heading perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were continuously but variably stocked with ewes and lambs so as to maintain steady state sward conditions. Net herbage production (NHP) was estimated by following the turnover of tissue on individually marked tillers and monitoring tiller numbers. Animal productivity was measured as lamb live-weight gain and ewe liveweight change and utilised metabolisable energy (UMB) estimated. The cultivars were S23, Melle and Mascot which were categorised outclassed, recommended and rejected, respectively, by the UK's National Institute of Agricultural Botany, NHP rankings for the cultivars (S23==100) were Melle 104 and Mascot 95 …
Grasslands Prestige (G39), A White Clover Cultivar Originating From Northern New Zealand,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Grasslands Prestige (G39), A White Clover Cultivar Originating From Northern New Zealand, B M. Cooper, D F. Chapman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
G39 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a cultivar of similar leaf size to Grasslands Huia, but with characteristically greater stolon numbers per unit area of pasture, It was bred for sheep-grazing systems from clover ecolypes collected and evaluated in northern New Zealand. Twelve parent plants tolerant of stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) and leaf diseases, with better productivity than Huia, were selected. G39 was evaluated in Northland and at sites elsewhere in New Zealand, G39 produced more clover dry matter (DM) than Huia under rotational sheep grazing in Northland. At a hill country site in the southern North· …
Herbage Intake, Digestibility Characteristics And Milk Production Of A Diploid And Two Tetraploid Cultivars Of Perennial Ryegrass,
2024
Agricultural University
Herbage Intake, Digestibility Characteristics And Milk Production Of A Diploid And Two Tetraploid Cultivars Of Perennial Ryegrass, I W. Hageman, E A. Lantinga, H Schlepers, J H. Neuteboom
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a rotational grazing experiment with dairy cows on monocullures of a diploid and 2 tetraploid cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), at a high herbage allowance the average daily production of fat and protein together was significantly higher on the tetraploids. This was associated with a difference in herbage intake of on average 0.6 kg/cow/day of organic matter and a higher concentration of volatile fatty acids and a lower pH in the rumen.
Development And Evaluation Of Lolium Multiflorum Cultivars To Maximize Winter Production And Extend The Growing Season,
2024
Roodeplaat Grassland Institute
Development And Evaluation Of Lolium Multiflorum Cultivars To Maximize Winter Production And Extend The Growing Season, D.C W. Goodenough, J.D H. Reusch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In autumn-sown, irrigated Lolium multiflorum cultivar evaluation trials conducted at various centres covering most of the Republic of South Africa, Westerwolds-type cultivars consistently outyielded Italian-type cultivars during the critical winter months, In contrast, during spring and, in a few .cultivars, during early summer, Italian type cultivars were superior to Westerwolds types, Results are also given for a breeding programme aimed at improving winter, spring and summer production, increasing dry matter (DM) content and enhancing resistance to rust (Pucclnta coronata Corda),
Persistence And Production Of Perennial Grasses In Southern Western Australia,
2024
Western Australia Department of Agriculture
Persistence And Production Of Perennial Grasses In Southern Western Australia, C M. Saunders
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Persistence of 12 genera of perennial grasses was examined on 2 soil types at Green Range (annual rainfall 600 mm), in southern Western Australia, Tall wheat grass was found to be a good all round performer iit terms of persistence and production with 78-79% survival and an average dry matter (DM) production of 61 kg/ha/day. Four cultivars of Festuca ar11ndinacea were in the top 6 performers at the wetter site, producing .58-66 kg/ha/day during the sampling period even though their plant survival was less than 62%. VSPG006 (now released as Roper) and Kangaroo Valley perennial ryegrasses had significantly • better …
Using Cytoplasmic Male Sterility In Improving Forage Productivity Of Sorghum,
2024
Egypt Field Crops Research Institute
Using Cytoplasmic Male Sterility In Improving Forage Productivity Of Sorghum, A A. Young, M A. Nasr, M E. Mousa, M A. Harfoush
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bighteen sorghum-sudan grass hybrids were produced by crossing 3 male fertile lines of sudan grass to different cytoplasmic male sterile lines of grain sorghum. Hybrids were evaluated with their male parents and 7 check varieties including. 6 commercial hybrids, at 4 experimental stations: Sakha, Gemmeiza, Sids and Ciba Geigy, in summer 1989. The objectives of the study were: I) to assess hybrid vigour, and 2) select the superior hybrids to be used in commercial production in Egypt. From the data obtained in this investigation, the best productivity of green and dry yield were from the F1 hybrids of ms line …
Preliminary Isozyme Studies On Chloris Gayana (Rhodes Grass),
2024
Tobacco Research Board
Preliminary Isozyme Studies On Chloris Gayana (Rhodes Grass), P A. York
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) identified enzyme systems for use as selectable genetic markers and/or polymorphic loci for cultivllf differentiation, Most enzymes from crushed leaves of Rhodes grass showed anodal migration; but peroxidases exhibited Vllfiation in a multitude of anodal and cathodal bands. Glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase had a single; locus-zone. Malic enzyme had one clear zone, but possibly another and a trace of cathodal activity, while phosphoglucose isomerase comprised two, designated PGl-1 and PGI-2, as did superoxide dismut115e (SOD-1 and SOD-2). Phosphoglucomutase had a clear fast and a fainter, slower zone-locus. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase …
Grassland Investigation And Mapping Using Remote Sensing In Northern China,
2024
Beijing Agricultural University
Grassland Investigation And Mapping Using Remote Sensing In Northern China, Liu Fuyuan, Li Znegyuan, Han Jinaguoguez, Xia Jingxin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A large area of grassland in north China is an important resource for animal production, The grassland vegetations of north China were investigated and mapped by means of remote sensing from 1986 to 1990, We adopted various multiple information and multitime phase satellite images which were taken to allow optical and computer processing for complicated cases and difficult areas of grassland classification, The grasslands were divided into 8 different types and 50 groups according to surface features of Landsat images, ecological environment and vegetation analysis, The warm shrub and herbosa grassland, which ls distributed mainly in the rocky mountainous regions, …
Grazing Management For The Control Of Vulpia Spp. In Pastures,
2024
University of New England
Grazing Management For The Control Of Vulpia Spp. In Pastures, C E. Jones, R.D B. Whalley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of strategic grating in spring and autumn on seed production, recruitment and seedling survival of Vulp/11 spp. was assessed in experiments at 2 sites near Armidale on the northern Tablelands of New South Wales. V11lpia spp. field populations in 1992 in autumn-grazed plots which had been heavily grazed in the previous spring were reduced 97.391, at Site 1 and 91,291, at Site 2 in comparison with similar plots which had not been grazed in the previous spring. These reductions were greater than could have been obtained by either winter cleaning or spraytopping with herbicide, the currently recommended management …
