Flexibility - The Key To Managing A Northern Beef Property,
2025
Charters Towers, Australia
Flexibility - The Key To Managing A Northern Beef Property, T H. Mann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Successful management involves keeping the property profitable on an annual basis and maintaining long-term profitability by gradual improvement. To maintain long-term economic profitability we must ensure ecological sustainability. "Hillgrove" is a 65 000 ha specialist beef production (breeding, fattening, store production) property in the Charters Towers district of north Queensland. The environment is dominated by erratic (annual rainfall 127-1367 mm) and highly seasonal rainfall (75% during December-March). Soils vary from fertile basaltics to phosphorus-deficient yellow earths, In addition to the climatic variation, cattle prices fluctuate uncontrollably. We plan to enter periods of low prices with low debt levels and an …
Dalrye - A Farm Business In Southern New South Wales,
2025
Dalrye Trading Co
Dalrye - A Farm Business In Southern New South Wales, T R. Hutchings
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dalrye is n 1473 ha farm 50 km south of Wagga in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales. It is approximately twice the average farm size for the area. The climate in this region is Mediterranean, with the average 600 mm rainfall being evenly spread throughout the year. The rainfall is reliable (cv. 20%) by Australian standards, There is no possibility of irrigation. Present enterprises are based on wool production from a Merino ewe flock, and dryland crops, including wheat, triticale, oats, lupins and canola. Management strategies concentrate on maximizing profit by manipulating the combination of the …
Planning For A Farming Future,
2025
RMB, Australia
Planning For A Farming Future, Bruce Milne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We have been gathering experience in Whole Farm Planning since our involvement with the Potter Farmland Plan, 1985-1987. Our concerns rose when we reviewed the welfare of the basic finite resources; soil, water, biodiversity and air. We believed those resources were suffering as they supported us, our sheep and cattle enterprises and all other living things, Our concerns caused us to reexamine the purpose of farming. Many farm planners attempt to plan around inherited grazing, economic and trading systems without first questioning the appropriateness of those systems. We attempted to open our minds, remove the existing "fences" and commence farm …
Ley Farming In Smallholder Systems In North-East Thailand,
2025
Khon Kaen University
Ley Farming In Smallholder Systems In North-East Thailand, Suchint Simaraks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper points out constraints to the adoption of a ley farming system, using rotations of crop and pasture by the smallholders in north-east Thailand. However, some parts of the ley system, pasture and livestock rnising have been slowly accepted. A general picture of the north-east Thailand, implementation of fey ·farming, results, and responses by the farmers are presented.
Economic Stock Farming In Harmony With An Arid Ecosystem On Smitskraal Ranch - A Holistic Approach,
2025
University of the North
Economic Stock Farming In Harmony With An Arid Ecosystem On Smitskraal Ranch - A Holistic Approach, J D. Ivy, S F. Ivy, A J. Ivy, M P. Ivy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The different nctivities on Smitskraal ranch have been developed and integrated over 40 years. In order to maximise profits while conserving soil, a holistic approach has been taken. The ranch is sweet bush veld, subtropical and has a low rainfall. Many stock diseases, mostly tick• b'orne, are prevalent. Adapted beef cattle and goals effectively conserve and utilise the grass and bush respectively. Suitable wildlife species are nlso included,. A multi��camp, graze half, leave half system called controlled selective grazing is applied. Veld variations are separated, stocking rate is low and is adjusted to seasonal rainfall. Uniform batches of calves from …
Identification And Use Of Key Grass Species In The Assessment Of Range Condition In South Africa,
2025
University of Fort Hare
Identification And Use Of Key Grass Species In The Assessment Of Range Condition In South Africa, Andrew C. Beckerling, Winston W. Trollope
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper explains the concepts and method behind the identification and use of key grass species for the development of user friendly techniques for the assessment of range conditions. A database comprising the frequency of 90 grass species and associated environmental factors from 712 sample sites was used to identify 19 key grass species. Stepwise multiple regression and Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA) were used for this purpose. The key species accounted for 90% of the variation in forage production potential and 90% of the variation in the 2 environmental gradients identified in the ordinations. Models were created to predict forage …
Stability Of Arid Western Queensland (Australia) Rangelands And Their Grazing Management,
2025
QDPI
Stability Of Arid Western Queensland (Australia) Rangelands And Their Grazing Management, I F. Beale
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Western Queensland rangelands are showing productivity losses which appear to involve grazing management. Changes are required to, arrest this trend. Needs for. information and monitoring of change are indicated. Little information exists for these rangelands, so lntroduction of overseas grazing management systems could create problems. Their application, with monitoring and research, could contribute to sustainabllity.
Grass-Legume Balance Under Grazing In The Humid Tropics Of Costa Rica,
2025
CATIE
Grass-Legume Balance Under Grazing In The Humid Tropics Of Costa Rica, M Ibrahim, L'T Mannetje
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A grazing experiment is in progress in Costa Rica with Arachis pintoi, Centrosema macrocarpum and Stylosanthes gulanensis combined with Brachiaria brizantha and B. Humidicola at 2 stocking rates. The proportion of C. macrocarpum declined in all treatments to low levels,· as did S. gulanensls, except at the low stocking rate in association with B. humidicola. A. pintoi maintained a high proportion with B. humidicola, especially at the high stocking rate. The best grass-legume balance was achieved in the combination of A. pintoi with B. brizantha at the high stocking rate. Volunteer species dominated the C. macrocarpum …
Management And Use Of Complex Landscapes: Some Implications Of Spatial Variation For Pasture And Animal Production, J A. Taylor, S J. Cook
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper describe.s some of the spatial variation in microclimate,' soils and vegetation across the black speargrass (Heteropogon contorus) grazing lands of south-east Queensland. Differences in the establishment and survival of oversown legumes, and in animal production', associated with this variation were examined in a largescale grazing trial. The consequences of spatial heterogeneity are discussed in relation to species evaluation, restoration of degraded grazing lands and the development of sustainable grazing systems.
Land Condition And Overgrazing: A Management Paradox For The Savannas Of Northern Australia,
2025
CSIRO
Land Condition And Overgrazing: A Management Paradox For The Savannas Of Northern Australia, Andrew J. Ash, John G. Mcivor, Joel R. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The tropical savannas of northern Australia have been an important resource for the production of beef for over a century. Excessive stocking rates regimes have led, in some areas, to degradation of the soil and vegetation resource. A state-and-transition model is used to describe the decline in land condition with overgrazing. A grazing study has been established at 2 sites to determine the consequences of a change in land condition for animal production, and pasture production and quality are being related to land condition at additional small sites. Preliminary results indicate that as pasture condition declines, pasture production decreases but …
A Decision-Support System For The Sustainable Use Of Australian Monsoonal Tallgrass Woodlands,
2025
CSIRO
A Decision-Support System For The Sustainable Use Of Australian Monsoonal Tallgrass Woodlands, J A. Bellamy, D Lowes, N D. Macleod
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Inappropriate grazing management strategies have caused degradation of the extensive rangelands of northern Australia involving changes in pasture composition, invasion of woody weeds, a reduction in total vegetative cover and increased soil erosion. This degradation has reduced productivity, increased variability In production, and threatened the long-term sustainability of the land resource base. To help address the problem, a prototype micro computer-based decision support system, called Landassess DSS, is under development for the monsoonal tallgrass woodlands of northern Australia. Landassess DSS will use objectoriented design and artificial intelligence techniques to integrate a knowledge-based system, a relational database management system and a …
Dynamics Of Stylosanthes Scabra In Tropical Savanna Woodland In Eastern Australia After Treatment With Tebuthiuron, E R. Anderson, P V. Back, M T. Rutherford, M J. Conway, D J. Myles
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper records for the first time the effect of the herbicide tebuthiuron aerially applied onto Stylosanthes scabra pastures that had been established in a poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) woodland in a summer-dominant 616 mm annual rainfall area. Tebuthluron was applied at 1.0 and 1.S kg ai/ha as Graslan pellets. Stylosanthes plant populations and yield were recorded for the 3 years 1988-1991. Results indicate that the tebuthiuron could be used for the control of woody plants in a Stylosanthes pasture without too great a deleterious effect if the rate does not exceed l kg/ha and the pasture has been …
A System For Objective Condition Assessment Of Astrebla Spp. Pastures At The Paddock Level For Better Grazing Management,
2025
Arid Zone Institute
A System For Objective Condition Assessment Of Astrebla Spp. Pastures At The Paddock Level For Better Grazing Management, D G. Phelps, J J. Bushell, O.J H. Bosch, D J. Kent, I F. Beale
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Degradation gradients due to grazing were determined from floristic data collected between January 1990. and November 1991 in the Astrebla correlation between grasslands of Longreach, abundance and Australia. condition A score linear correlation between Astrebla abundance and condition score confirmed strong confirmed linear the presence of gradients. Astrebla Degradation models were further validated by the presence of known grazing gradients. A model constructed from data collected in late to mid summer was then used to illustrate changes in the condition of 4 monitoring sites. A site ;initially in "poorer" condition, and an overgrazed site did not markedly improve in condition. …
Case Studies And Causes Of Weed Invasion Of Sown Pastures On The Wet Tropical Coast Of Eastern Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder, G A. Lambert, E R. Anderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Viability of large and successful sown pasture development on the wet tropical coast of eastern Australia is threatened from invasion of these pastures by unpalatable grass and legume weeds. The main threats discussed are invasion by the unpalatable grass weeds Sporobolus diandrus (tussocky sporobolus) and Sporobolus pyramldalis (giant rat's tall grass) and the unpalatable, annual legume weed Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod). Specific cases of invasion and suggested causes for the problems are discussed. The major causes· suggested for pasture decline and invasion by less productive weedy species are: disease that can suddenly wipe out an otherwise …
Standing Root Biomass And Root Distribution In Brachiaria Decumbens- Arachis Pintoi Pastures Under Grazing, M A. Ayarza, I M. Rao, R J. Thomas, M J. Fisher, C E. Lascano, P Herrera
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A vigorous rooting system is a vital strategy developed by acid•soil• tolerant forage species to cope with soil acidity constraints. The biomass of standing roots and its distribution was characterised under grazing in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens and Arachis pintoi grown alone and in association. Soil cores showed that standing root biomass to the depth of 100 cm was higher than the above ground biomass in the single species pastures. However, the relation was reversed in the grass•legume association. Root mapping showed that while the largest percentage of roots was located in the 0·20 cm depth of soil of the …
Dynamics Of The Vegetation Of A Natural Pasture Under Different Levels Of Forage-On-Offer And Soil Types,
2025
UFRGS
Dynamics Of The Vegetation Of A Natural Pasture Under Different Levels Of Forage-On-Offer And Soil Types, Ilsi I. Boldrini, Gerzy E. Maraschin, Joao Riboldi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To document changes in species composition during 5 years of grazing al different levels of forage,-on-offcr, 60 permanent quadrals of 0.25 m1 were established in 30 ha of annual posture at the Estacno Experimental Agronomica, UPROS, Brazil. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous species dominated In low forage-on-offer treatments while caespitose species dominated in higher forage-on-offer levels. Soil organic matter and water contents increased with increasing levels of forage-on-offer.
First-Year Stand Development Of Subtropical Grass Seedlings And Influence By Initial Plant Density,
2025
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
First-Year Stand Development Of Subtropical Grass Seedlings And Influence By Initial Plant Density, Bruce Anderson, L E. Moser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stands of subtropical grasses develop slowly in mid-continent North America and this may be due partly to initial plant density. Panicum virgatum L. and Andropogon gerardii Vitman seedlings were transplanted from a greenhouse into field plots as pure stands in equidistant spacings at initial plant densities of 2.5, S, 10, 20, 40 and 80 plants/m1. P. virgatum produced higher yields, fewer tillers/plant and leaves/tiller, less basal density and shorter plants than A. gerardii during the first year of growth. Light interception was higher and soil temperatures lower for A. gerardii. Basal density and height increased while tillers/plant decreased …
Use Of Natural 15n Abundance In Estimating Nitrogen Fixation By Centrosema Spp: Influence Of Phosphorus And Strain Of Bradyrhizobium,
2025
University of London
Use Of Natural 15n Abundance In Estimating Nitrogen Fixation By Centrosema Spp: Influence Of Phosphorus And Strain Of Bradyrhizobium, G Cadisch, S F. Ledgard, J Noseberger, R Sylvester-Bradley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Isotopic 15N fractionation during N2 fixation by Centrosema acutifolium, C. brasilianum and C. macrocarpum grown in N·free sand-nutrient solution was investigated as a prerequisite for the use 9f the natural 15N abundance method to estimate N2 fixation. The natural abundance of 15N was always lower in shoots than in roots and nodules, and there was little difference between species. In contrast, inoculation strongly influenced isotopic fractionation, leading to average o15N shoot values of -0.64 and -1.37 for Bradyrhizobiumstrains CIAT3101 and 1670 respectively, given adequate phosphorus. P deficiency led to a small legume x P interaction …
Importance Of Legume Nitrogen Fixation In Sustainability Of Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil,
2025
EMBRAPA-CPAC
Importance Of Legume Nitrogen Fixation In Sustainability Of Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil, G Cadisch, E F. Carvalho, A R. Suhet, L Vilela, W Soares, J M. Spain, S Urquiaga, K E. Giller, R M. Boddey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A pure Andropogon gayanus sward was compared with a Stylosanthes spp.-A. gayanus mixed sward in order to assess the benefit of introducing N2-fixing legumes on the long-term sustainability of grazed pastures. There was no difference between the total dry matter and animal production of the 2 pastures, although the legumes fixed 67-117 kg/ha of N in 1991 with 80% of the legume N obtained from N2 fixation. Litter deposition was 20-35% greater in the mixed sward and the % N in this litter was also higher, leading to twice the amount of N mineralised in the 0-5 cm …
Attainment And Distribution Of Competitive Equilibrium In Tropical Grass-Legume Mixtures,
2025
University of Adelaide
Attainment And Distribution Of Competitive Equilibrium In Tropical Grass-Legume Mixtures, P G. Tow
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment under controlled conditions, using the de Wit competition model, has provided an explanation of competitive relationships in mixtures of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume (green panic) cv. Petrie and Neontonia wightii cv. Tinaroo glycine. Experiments in a tropical upland environment with summer rainfall dominance (to which they ore adapted) have provided further understanding of their relationships. Over a period of 2 years for well-wafered plants in containers and 4 years in a rain-fed field experiment, competitive gains by one species alternated with-gains by the other, and neither species gained significantly overall. Gains by the grass were favoured by …
