Evaluation Of Harvest Time/Temperature And Storage Temperature On Postharvest Incidence Of Red Drupelet Reversion Development And Firmness Of Blackberry (Rubus L. Subgenus Rubus Watson),
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Evaluation Of Harvest Time/Temperature And Storage Temperature On Postharvest Incidence Of Red Drupelet Reversion Development And Firmness Of Blackberry (Rubus L. Subgenus Rubus Watson), Jack E. Mccoy, John R. Clarke, Alejandra A. Salgado, Andrew Jecmen
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Since 1964, the University of Arkansas blackberry breeding program has worked to improve fruit quality and shipping capabilities. A major limitation in blackberry fruit is postharvest handling potential for the shipping market. Maintaining fruit firmness in storage is crucial. Red drupelet reversion (or simply reversion) is also an important postharvest disorder in which drupelets change from black to red during storage. It is hypothesized that reversion is increased when fruit is picked at hot temperatures and exposed to a rapid change of temperature. These studies evaluated harvest time/temperature, as well as storage temperature, on berry firmness and the incidence of …
Toward The Elucidation Of Cytoplasmic Diversity In North American Grape Breeding Programs,
2016
Cornell University
Toward The Elucidation Of Cytoplasmic Diversity In North American Grape Breeding Programs, Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramirez, Qi Sun, Chin-Feng Hwang, Craig A. Ledbetter, David W. Ramming, Anne Fennell, M. Andrew Walker, James J. Luby, Matthew D. Clark, Jason P. Londo, Lance Cadle-Davidson, Gan-Yuan Zhong
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Plants have an intriguing tripartite genetic system: Nuclear genome 9 Mitochondria 9 Plastids and their interactions may impact germplasm breeding. In grapevine, the study of cytoplasmic genomes has been limited, and their role with respect to grapevine germplasm diversity has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the results of an analysis of the cytoplasmic diversity among 6073 individuals (comprising cultivars, interspecific hybrids and segregating progenies) are presented. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to elucidate plastid and mitochondrial DNA sequences, and results were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects were annotated in reference to plastid …
Field Evaluation Of Burley Lines Containing Alleles Minimizing Nicotine To Nornicotine Conversion,
2016
University of Kentucky
Field Evaluation Of Burley Lines Containing Alleles Minimizing Nicotine To Nornicotine Conversion, Cameron G. Shelton
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
CYP82e4, CYP82e5, and CYP82e10 mutant alleles that minimize the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine have been introgressed into numerous existing low converting (LC) burley varieties and parental lines developed by the Kentucky-Tennessee tobacco breeding program. A backcross breeding protocol was utilized, with the objective being the creation of "e3" varieties that differed from their LC counterparts only for nornicotine and nitroso-nornicotine content. Field studies were conducted in Kentucky and Tennessee during the 2013 growing season, with 17 prospective parental lines and 20 prospective commercial varieties grown and compared to their original counterparts. Most of the e3 lines were not morphologically …
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2015,
2016
Purdue University - Main Campus
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2015, Elizabeth Maynard
Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports
This is a compilation of 19 research trial reports from six land-grant universities in the midwestern United States. Crops include bok choy, cantaloupe, cucumber, pepper, pumpkin, sweet corn, squash, tomato, and watermelon. Several crops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties, including one investigating cantaloupe variety influence on cucumber beetle presence and incidence of bacterial wilt. Four reports addressed specific growing practices: the use of poly-coated urea to supply nitrogen to sweet corn, biochar use in a high tunnel bag culture system, use of cereal rye cover crop in butternut squash, and pollinizer …
Mini- And Heirloom Sweet Pepper Variety Performance In High Tunnels, 2015,
2016
Purdue University - Main Campus
Mini- And Heirloom Sweet Pepper Variety Performance In High Tunnels, 2015, Elizabeth Maynard, Israel S. Calsoyas
Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports
Trials on mini sweet peppers and other specialty sweet peppers in the Midwest have not recently been reported. We undertook this project to compare yield and fruit characteristics of hybrid and heirloom peppers grown in high tunnels using organic and conventional production methods.
Sugar-Enhanced And Synergistic Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2015,
2016
Purdue University - Main Campus
Sugar-Enhanced And Synergistic Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2015, Elizabeth Maynard, Israel S. Calsoyas
Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports
This paper reports on seven bicolor and two yellow sugar-enhanced or synergistic sweet corn entries that were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Agricultural Center in Wanatah, Indiana.
Pollinator Sharing Between Mimulus Ringens And Coflowering Plant Species In Northeastern Ohio,
2016
The University of Akron
Pollinator Sharing Between Mimulus Ringens And Coflowering Plant Species In Northeastern Ohio, Andrew M. Wuellner
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Competition between plants for pollinators can have serious impacts on plant reproduction; these impacts depend on many factors, such as plant abundance, plant diversity, floral abundance, pollinator abundance, and pollinator preference. The way pollinators move among and between coflowering species can tell us more about how these factors affect competition. In this study, we examine the movement patterns of flower visitors to Mimulus ringens and coflowering species in Northeastern Ohio through several types of observations. In addition, we measured the density and diversity of floral units with 20-30 meter transects across each study site. There were six total study sites, …
Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2015,
2016
Purdue University - Main Campus
Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2015, Elizabeth Maynard, Israel S. Calsoyas
Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports
This paper reports on thirteen bicolor, two yellow, and three white supersweet sweet corn entries that were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Agricultural Center in Wanatah, Indiana.
Optimization Of Doubled Haploid Production In Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.),
2016
University of Kentucky
Optimization Of Doubled Haploid Production In Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Ezequiel De Oliveira
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Doubled haploidy (DH) is a plant breeding technique that is often utilized by plant breeders to minimize the time required to reach homozygosity in breeding lines. The first objective of this study was to compare two methods of generating DH lines in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Inbred burley tobacco varieties TN 90LC and GR 149LC were used to produce both androgenic derived doubled haploids (ADDH) and maternally derived doubled haploids (MDDH). The relative agronomic performance of TN 90LC and GR 149 LC ADDH and MDDH lines was compared when used either as pure-line cultivars or when used for the …
Phenotypic Characterization Of The Peach (Prunus Spp.) Collection At The National Clonal Germplasm Repository In Davis, California,
2016
Eastern Washington University
Phenotypic Characterization Of The Peach (Prunus Spp.) Collection At The National Clonal Germplasm Repository In Davis, California, Tim Moran
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
"Germplasm repositories are an invaluable resource for the collection and preservation of important living genetic material, and provide a multitude of research opportunities for crop improvement. Advances in genomics research have created an urgent demand for phenotypic data in order to assist researchers in identifying relationships between genetic makeup and phenotypic variability. The peach, Prunus persica, is an important economic crop species that is heavily bred and cultivated. In peach, specific tree growth habits are used in breeding to select for tree architectures that may provide growers with more options for orchard design and cultural practices. The presence of extrafloral …
Evaluation Of Genetic Gain For Dynamic Leaf Traits In Maize Using Field Spectroscopy,
2015
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluation Of Genetic Gain For Dynamic Leaf Traits In Maize Using Field Spectroscopy, Jonathan Luetchens
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Rapid introduction of cheap and precise genotyping technology has created a void between genotypes and phenotypes in maize breeding. While detailed genetic information is easily accessible, the data are lacking robust phenotypes to be used in mapping studies like genome-wide association. As a result, high-throughput phenotyping tools are necessary to rigorously characterize specific traits. In this study, agronomic traits and an active spectrometer system were used to monitor 36 era hybrids – popular commercial maize hybrids grown from 1936 to 2012 – to discover how various traits have changed over time. In conjunction with increased grain yield of 76 kg/ha …
The Role Of G-Protein Signaling In Pathogenesis In Cercospora Zeae-Maydis,
2015
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
The Role Of G-Protein Signaling In Pathogenesis In Cercospora Zeae-Maydis, Brant Smith
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Gray leaf spot, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of maize worldwide. C. zeae-maydis orients hyphal growth towards stomata (stomatal tropism) and forms infectious structures (appressoria) that are necessary for successful infection. Although some genes involved in pathogenesis in C. zeae-maydis have been identified, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In fungi, heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits (α, β, and γ) and mediate responses to environmental stimuli. They regulate diverse functions, including nutrient detection, virulence, fungal development, conidiation, secondary metabolism, and pathogenesis in many plant pathogenic fungi. This research explored the role …
Cotton Injury Due To Soil- Or Foliar-Applied Herbicides: An Assessment Based On The Influences Of Genetic, Agronomic, And Environmental Factors,
2015
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Cotton Injury Due To Soil- Or Foliar-Applied Herbicides: An Assessment Based On The Influences Of Genetic, Agronomic, And Environmental Factors, Brandon William Schrage
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Increasing populations of glyphosate-resistant weeds, such as Palmer amaranth, have prompted growers to pursue alternative means of weed control in cotton. In many cropping systems, this means the utilization of older chemistries and residual herbicides. The goal of this research was to evaluate and understand the agronomic and environmental factors that affect the inconsistent injury often associated with these herbicides as well as determine the impact of Palmer amaranth emergence date on seed production, biomass, and cotton yield. Experiments were conducted in three counties in Arkansas giving a distinct range of climate and soil texture. Injury, biomass, and number of …
Analysis Of Ac/Ds Activation Tagged Mutants In Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum),
2015
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Analysis Of Ac/Ds Activation Tagged Mutants In Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum), Ipeleng Randome
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a crop of immense economic and nutritional importance worldwide and also a good model organism for genomic studies of other dicot species. The recent completion of the tomato genome sequence is a great milestone towards learning about the tomato genome. Elucidation of the function of the different genes using different functional genomic tools is therefore important in adding to this resource. To this end, we have developed an Ac-Ds transposon ‘activation tagging’ (ATag) system to be able to transpose transposon inserts, bearing a strong 35S-enhancer element, all around the genome. An Ac-Ds ATag construct was used …
Applying Molecular And Phenotypic Tools To Characterize Flesh Texture And Acidity Traits In The Arkansas Peach Breeding Program And Understanding The Crispy Texture In The Arkansas Blackberry Breeding Program,
2015
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Applying Molecular And Phenotypic Tools To Characterize Flesh Texture And Acidity Traits In The Arkansas Peach Breeding Program And Understanding The Crispy Texture In The Arkansas Blackberry Breeding Program, Alejandra Andrea Salgado Rojas
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) utilizing a pedigree-based analysis (PBA) approach was performed in the peach breeding program for the first time. The pedigree consisted of seven-F1 populations, their parents, ancestors, and cultivars. Flesh firmness and titratable acidity (TA) were examined in 2011, 2012, and 2013. For TA, a consistent and strong QTL was identified on the proximal end of linkage group (LG) 5 of the peach genome. For flesh firmness, two QTLs were located on LG 4. The first QTL was located on the chromosomal region where the slow-melting flesh (SMF) DNA test was identified, and the second QTL was …
Short Day Transcriptomic Programming During Induction Of Dormancy In Grapevine,
2015
South Dakota State University
Short Day Transcriptomic Programming During Induction Of Dormancy In Grapevine, Anne Fennell, Karen A. Schlauch, Satyanarayana Gouthu, Laurent G. Deluc, Vedbar Khadka, Lekha Sreekantan, Jerome Grimplet, Grant C. Cramer, Katherine L. Mathiason
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Bud dormancy in grapevine is an adaptive strategy for the survival of drought, high and low temperatures and freeze dehydration stress that limit the range of cultivar adaptation. Therefore, development of a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy is needed to promote advances in selection and breeding, and to develop improved cultural practices for existing grape cultivars. The seasonally indeterminate grapevine, which continuously develops compound axillary buds during the growing season, provides an excellent system for dissecting dormancy, because the grapevine does not transition through terminal bud development prior to dormancy. This study used gene expression …
Chlorophyll Synthase Under Epigenetic Surveillance Is Critical For Vitamin E Synthesis, And Altered Expression Affects Tocopherol Levels In Arabidopsis,
2015
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Chlorophyll Synthase Under Epigenetic Surveillance Is Critical For Vitamin E Synthesis, And Altered Expression Affects Tocopherol Levels In Arabidopsis, Chunyu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guodong Ren, Denli Li, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Ming Chen, Yongming Zhou, Bin Yu, Edgar B. Cahoon
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Chlorophyll synthase catalyzes the final step in chlorophyll biosynthesis: the esterification of chlorophyllide with either geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytyl diphosphate (PDP). Recent studies have pointed to the involvement of chlorophyll-linked reduction of geranylgeranyl by geranylgeranyl reductase as a major pathway for the synthesis of the PDP precursor of tocopherols. This indirect pathway of PDP synthesis suggests a key role of chlorophyll synthase in tocopherol production to generate the geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll substrate for geranylgeranyl reductase. In this study, contributions of chlorophyll synthase to tocopherol formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were explored by disrupting and altering expression of the corresponding gene …
Bioenergy And African Transformation,
2015
Dartmouth College
Bioenergy And African Transformation, Lee R. Lynd, Mariam Sow, Annie Chimphango, Luis Cortez, Carlos H. Brito Cruz, Mosad Elmissiry, Mark Laser
Dartmouth Scholarship
Among the world’s continents, Africa has the highest incidence of food insecurity and poverty and the highest rates of population growth. Yet Africa also has the most arable land, the lowest crop yields, and by far the most plentiful land resources relative to energy demand. It is thus of interest to examine the potential of expanded modern bioenergy production in Africa. Here we consider bioenergy as an enabler for development, and provide an overview of modern bioenergy technologies with a comment on application in an Africa context. Experience with bioenergy in Africa offers evidence of social benefits and also some …
Transport Regimes And Spread Of The Common Reed, Phramites Australis, In The Saco River, Me, Usa,
2015
University of New England
Transport Regimes And Spread Of The Common Reed, Phramites Australis, In The Saco River, Me, Usa, Michelle A. Slater
All Theses And Dissertations
Allee effects are important to species invasions because population growth may be limited by low outcrossing potential in newly founded populations leading to depressed levels of fitness. Non-native Phragmites australis (common reed) has been present in the United States for over 200 years, but has been slow to reach some areas, possibly owing to the Allee phenomenon, whereby young or isolated Phragmites patches with initially low genotypic richness are slow to recruit viable seedlings due to inbreeding, which limits the rate of patch expansion. In order to explore the importance of the Allee effect in a recently invaded system, the …
Osmotic Stress Induces Phosphorylation Of Histone H3 At Threonine 3 In Pericentromeric Regions Of Arabidopsis Thaliana,
2015
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Osmotic Stress Induces Phosphorylation Of Histone H3 At Threonine 3 In Pericentromeric Regions Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Zhen Wang, Juan Armando Casas-Mollano, Jianping Xu, Jean-Jack M. Riethoven, Chi Zhang, Heriberto Cerutti
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Histone phosphorylation plays key roles in stress-induced transcriptional reprogramming in metazoans but its function(s) in land plants has remained relatively unexplored. Here we report that an Arabidopsis mutant defective in At3g03940 and At5g18190, encoding closely related Ser/Thr protein kinases, shows pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism and hypersensitivity to osmotic/salt stress. The double mutant has reduced global levels of phosphorylated histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3ph), which are not enhanced, unlike the response in the wild type, by drought-like treatments. Genome-wide analyses revealed increased H3T3ph, slight enhancement in trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), and a modest decrease in histone H3 occupancy …
