Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons^™

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2019-2020, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley, J. Carlin

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Ark- ansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide informa- tion to companies developing cultivars and marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers. The tests are conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser, the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, the Newport Extension Center near Newport, the Rohwer Research Station near Rohwer, the Pine …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2019, Fred Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Statewide, temperatures and precipitation were mostly above average (https://www.weather.gov/lzk/cli2019atxt.htm). The 2019 season was the wettest since 2015, and the 7th wettest on record. The wettest month was May, and the driest month was September. By average temperature, the coldest month was January, and the warmest month was August. Considering departures from normal, the most significant warmth occurred in September, which was 7.0 degrees above average. Many fields were muddy or underwater, given a lot of rain early in the year, and extensive river flooding (including the historic Arkansas River flood). It was far too wet in some areas …

Respons Dua Mutan Tomat Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan, Ayu Ratna Ningrum, Anne Nuraini, Erni Suminar, Syariful Mubarok

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kondisi cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman tomat dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat menurun. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan perakitan varietas tanaman baru yang tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Beberapa hasil mutasi gen IAA pada tomat mutan Micro-Tom mampu menghasilkan tanaman yang toleran terhadap kondisi stress secara abiotik, yaitu pada galur iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan vegetatif pada iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 dalam kondisi cekaman kekeringan dengan metode in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan September sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan …

Parameter Genetik Karakter Komponen Hasil Dan Seleksi 82 Genotipe Ercis Di Dataran Rendah, Mayang Ayudya Handini, Darmawan Saptadi, Budi Waluyo

Jurnal Kultivasi

Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) ialah salah satu tanaman dari famili Fabaceae dan tergolong tanaman legume yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Studi pemuliaan tanaman pada ercis ditujukan untuk mendapat hasil yang optimal di berbagai wilayah penanaman, salah satunya dataran rendah. Keberhasilan program seleksi memerlukan parameter genetik seperti keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter 82 genotipe ercis dan menentukan genotipe yang berpotensi dikembangkan di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan berdasarkan rancangan augmented design dengan 82 genotipe uji dan tiga pembanding (cek). Karakter yang memiliki keragaman luas dan heritabilitas tinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot brangkasan …

Evaluasi Galur-Galur Mutan Kedelai Berdasarkan Daya Hasil Dan Ukuran Biji Di Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Andrew Yoel, Meddy Rachmadi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Usaha pemuliaan tanaman kedelai saat ini sebagian besar berfokus pada identifikasi genotipe dengan hasil biji yang tinggi dan ukuran biji besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kultivar kedelai dan kedelai mutan untuk daya hasil tinggi dan ukuran biji besar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari September 2017 sampai Januari 2018 di Kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian UNP AD, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 20 perlakuan dalam 2 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 19 genotipe dan 1 kultivar cek. Data dianalisis Sidik Ragam dengan Uji F 5%, nilai beda dengan Uji Dunnet …

Penurunan Nilai Konduktansi Stomata, Efisiensi Penggunaan Cahaya, Dan Komponen Pertumbuhan Akibat Genangan Air Pada Beberapa Genotip Tanaman Tebu, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Santi Rosniawaty

Jurnal Kultivasi

Fenomena perubahan iklim mempengaruhi distribusi hujan yang tidak merata. Kelebihan air hujan di lahan akan menyebabkan genangan air karena sistem drainase lahannya kurang baik yang berdampak terganggunya pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tebu. Dalam kondisi tergenang (G), jumlah anakan beberapa genotip tebu menurun bila dibandingkan dengan kondisi tanpa genangan (TG) pada 77 hari setelah penggenangan (HSP), kecuali genotip tebu GMP1. Jumlah anakan tersebut berkisar antara 6,7 untuk genotip KK sampai 10,3 anakan untuk genotip GMP1. Sedangkan pada kondisi tanpa genangan kisaran jumlah adalah 8 untuk genotip PS864 sampai 13,7 untuk genotip KK. Kondisi genangan air juga telah menurunkan nilai konduktansi stomata …

Genetic Diversity: The Hub Of Plant Breeding, Foster Kangben

International Programs

Agriculture the world over is faced with the threat of food, fiber, and nutrition insecurity especially in the wake of climate change. However, employing two approaches to plant breeding, the molecular and phenotypic methods, can make use of genetic diversity in crop species in order to help surmount these challenges.

B.R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2019, K.A. K. Moldenhauer, B. Scott, J. Hardke

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Taxonomic And Genetic Diversity, And Pathogenicity Of Diaporthe Species Associated With Soybean, Fakhir Eraheem Hameed Al Shuwaili

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diaporthe species (anamorph: Phomopsis) are associated with a wide range of plant hosts as plant pathogens, asymptomatic endophytes, and saprobes. One of these hosts is soybean, which is one of the most important crops in U.S. agriculture. Several Diaporthe species cause important diseases on soybean in the U.S., and specifically in Arkansas. The taxonomy, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of Diaporthe species associated with asymptomatic infection of soybean are rarely studied with accurate molecular tools. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to assess the diversity and boundaries of Diaporthe associated with soybean in Arkansas. Furthermore, pathogenicity and alternative lifestyles were assessed among Diaporthe …

Phenotypic And Genotypic Studies In The Peach [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] And Muscadine Grape (Vitis Rotundifolia Michx.), Jennifer Anne Lewter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Peach: Peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] are routinely chilled to increase shelf-life. Exposure to temperatures of 5° C for two weeks can induce chilling injury (CI) symptoms, including flesh mealiness (or wooliness) and a lack of juiciness. Phenotypic data were collected on seven biparental F1 peach populations maintained at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station. A genome wide association study (GWAS) was performed using TASSEL 5 which identified four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with expressible juice, four QTLs for mealiness, five QTLs for soluble solids, and three QTLs for fruit weight. Exploiting these genetic markers could help breeders …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2019, Victor Ford, Jason Kelley, Nathan Mckinney Ii

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2020 Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series is the inaugural edition of this annual report and includes research results on all topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production including disease management, environmental/sustainability, irrigation, post-harvest drying, soil fertility, weed control, and research verification program results. Our objective is capturing and broadly distributing the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series will also serve as a citable archive of research results. Research reports contained in this publication …

Developing A High-Throughput Method To Screen Soybean Germplasm For Hypoxia Tolerance In Hydroponic Systems, Derrick Harrison

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (Merr.)], the second most planted crop in the United States, is sensitive to field flooding due to depletion of oxygen and accumulation of CO2 in the rhizosphere. There is a need to breed cultivars that are adapted to areas prone to flooding, but field evaluations in the U.S. are limited because of time (one generation per year) and availability of resources (impermeable soils, irrigation, equipment to build levees). The purpose of this study was to develop and execute a protocol of germplasm screening for hypoxia tolerance using hydroponics in a controlled greenhouse environment. Germination rates and vigor …

Genetics Of Physiological Traits Associated With Drought Tolerance In Soybean (Glycine Max), Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the major row crops in the United States, and its production is often limited by drought stress. Physiological traits from exotic germplasm that confer drought tolerance may be useful in improving commercial soybean production. For example, carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) is positively correlated with water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) is negatively correlated with N2 fixation; canopy temperature (CT) is an indicator for genetic variation in transpiration and stomatal conductance. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identify the genomic regions associated with: (1) δ13C and δ15N using a …

Dynamic Transcriptomic And Phosphoproteomic Analysis During Cell Wall Stress In Aspergillus Nidulans, Cynthia Chelius, Walker Huso, Samantha Reese, Alexander Doan, Stephen Lincoln, Kelsi Lawson, Boa Tran, Raj Purohit, Trevor Glaros, Ranjan Srivastava, Steven D. Harris, Mark R. Marten

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The fungal cell-wall integrity signaling (CWIS) pathway regulates cellular response to environmental stress to enable wall repair and resumption of normal growth. This complex, interconnected, pathway has been only partially characterized in filamentous fungi. To better understand the dynamic cellular response to wall perturbation, a-glucan synthase inhibitor (micafungin) was added to a growing A. nidulans shake-flask culture. From this flask, transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic data were acquired over 10 and 120 min, respectively. To differentiate statistically-significant dynamic behavior from noise, a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model was applied to both data sets. Over 1800 genes were dynamically expressed and over …

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci For Peach (Prunus Persica) Resistance To Xanthomonas Arboricola Pv. Pruni (Xap) And Determining The Diversity And Virulence Of A United States Xap Collection, Maxwell Vonkreuzhof

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bacterial spot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), is a threat to the peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], Japanese and European plum (P. salicina L. and P. domestica L.), and tart and sweet cherry (P. cerasus L. and P. avium L.) industries. Markers for fruit resistance to bacterial spot have been developed however, markers associated with foliar resistance have yet to be developed. A total of 130 progeny and 13 parents (n=143) were evaluated for foliar and fruit Xap resistance in 2013, 2014, and 2015, and 162 progeny and eight parents (n=170) in 2017 and 2018 as …

Determination Of Critical Y-Leaf Potassium Concentrations Across Reproductive Growth Stages For Direct-Seeded Delay-Flooded Rice, Chandler Edwin Gruener

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield can be limited by potassium (K) deficiency on soils low in exchangeable K. Visually diagnosing K deficiency during early reproductive growth is not easily done and the interpretation of traditional tissue analysis is limited to select growth-stages. Our primary focus was to define continuous critical Y-leaf-K concentrations during reproductive growth for the production of maximal grain yield. A secondary objective was to examine Y-leaf sap-K concentration, measured using a handheld device, as a rapid in-field method of monitoring rice plant K nutrition. The Y-leaf is defined as the uppermost fully extended leaf with a …

An Evaluation Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems' Ability To Assess Stripe Rust In Large Wheat Breeding Nursies, Jamison T. Murry

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a foliar disease that significantly impacts global wheat production, and resistant cultivars provide the most efficient method of control. High-throughput phenotyping using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) offers a potentially more efficient method for field-based phenotyping compared to visual assessment. Here we tested the ability of remote sensing to predict stripe rust severity in a diverse population of 594 soft red winter wheat lines, planted in single-rows, and evaluated them by visually rating stripe rust intensity and remotely using the dark green color index (DGCI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and blue NDVI. …

An Analysis Of Crispr-Cas Gene Editing In Agriculture, Ashley Laliberte

Honors Scholar Theses

The CRISPR-Cas system is a promising form of gene editing, especially for the agriculture industry. The ability to make single-nucleotide edits within a gene of interest, without the need to introduce foreign DNA, is a powerful tool for designing healthier and more efficient crops and food animals. This system provides opportunity for increased nutritional value, decreased food waste, and more economically and environmentally sustainable food production. Though this biotechnology is facing mechanistic limitations due to off-target effects and inefficient homology-directed repair, vast improvements have already been made to improve its efficacy. The CRISPR-Cas system is already the most advanced form …

A Basic Ddradseq Two‐Enzyme Protocol Performs Well With Herbarium And Silica‐Dried Tissues Across Four Genera, Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden, James B. Beck, Catherine A. Rushworth, Michael D. Windham, Nicolas Diaz, Jason T. Cantley, Christopher T. Martine, Carl J. Rothfels

Faculty Journal Articles

Premise

The ability to sequence genome‐scale data from herbarium specimens would allow for the economical development of data sets with broad taxonomic and geographic sampling that would otherwise not be possible. Here, we evaluate the utility of a basic double‐digest restriction site–associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) protocol using DNAs from four genera extracted from both silica‐dried and herbarium tissue.

Methods

DNAs from Draba, Boechera, Solidago, and Ilex were processed with a ddRADseq protocol. The effects of DNA degradation, taxon, and specimen age were assessed.

Results

Although taxon, preservation method, and specimen age affected data recovery, large phylogenetically informative …

Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kelapa Kopyor (Cocos Nucifera L.) Belum Menghasilkan Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Anorganik Yang Dikombinasikan Dengan Pupuk Organik Cair, Fatwa Halimah Risandi, Mira Ariyanti, Mochamad Arief Soleh

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kelapa kopyor merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah yang ada di Indonesia dan potensial untuk dikembangkan. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas kelapa kopyor dapat melalui pemupukan, yaitu dengan pemberian pupuk anorganik dan pupuk organik cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemupukan yang tepat untuk tanaman kelapa kopyor belum menghasilkan dengan kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan pupuk organik cair. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan PT. Mekar Unggul Sari (Taman Buah Mekarsari), Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Desember 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 2 tanaman dan diulang sebanyak 2 …