Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons^™

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2020, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, R. B. Morgan

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Examining The Utility Of Dna Barcodes For The Identification Of Tallgrass Prairie Flora, Sarah A. Herzog, Maribeth Latvis

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Premise
The tallgrass prairies of North America are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, making efficient species identification essential for understanding and managing diversity. Here, we assess DNA barcoding with high‐throughput sequencing as a method for rapid plant species identification.
Methods
Using herbarium collections representing the tallgrass prairie flora of Oak Lake Field Station, South Dakota, USA, we amplified and examined four common nuclear and plastid barcode regions (ITS, matK, psbA‐trnH, and rbcL), individually and in combination, to test their success in identifying samples to family, genus, and species levels using BLAST searches of …

Traditional And Modern Breeding Strategies Towards Developing Resilient Crops: Two Case Studies In Tomato, Estefania Tavares Flores

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Crop designing for resilience traits to produce satisfactorily under adverse conditions and scenarios is a priority for the future of global food security. In this thesis, two different approaches addressing major stress factors for tomato cropping are presented. We first aimed to domesticate tomato de novo as a high-salinity resistant crop using the wild relative, S. cheesmaniae via gene editing. We conducted single-gene and multiplex knock-out strategies using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create loss-of-function alleles for the domestication-related genes BIF, CycB, J2, EJ2, MULTI, SP, SP5G, and FW11.3 in order to create a novel, halophyte tomato harboring an inherent high-salinity …

Optical Seed Sorter-Based Selection Lowers Deoxynivalenol Accumulation In Soft Red Winter Wheat, William Jesse Carmack

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in discolored grain contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). DON accumulation, an indicator of FHB resistance, can be quantified and used as the basis for direct phenotypic selection, but testing is expensive. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate an optical seed sorter as an alternative to DON testing for FHB resistance breeding. Three hundred F4 derived soft red winter wheat (SRWW) breeding lines were grown in an inoculated FHB nursery over several years in Lexington, KY. Grain from each breeding line was sorted using an optical seed sorter calibrated …

Genomic Selection Strategies To Predict Grain Yield And Disease Resistance Traits In A Wheat Breeding Program, Virginia Laura Verges

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Genomic selection (GS) is a form of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that simultaneously estimates all locus, haplotype or marker effects across the entire genome to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Since its inception, it has had the attention of breeders keen on finding tools to accelerate genetic gain and reduce phenotyping costs in the breeding program. A first objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to design the training population (TP) and validating population (VP) to estimate GEBVs for grain yield and agronomic traits for wheat breeding lines. Our results demonstrate that, despite the small family size, an approach …

Patterns Of Genetic Divergence Across Geographically Variable Populations Of Xanthisma Gracile (Asteraceae), Lavanya Challagundla, Lisa E. Wallace

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Premise of research. Numerous biotic and abiotic factors can contribute to local selection and lead to geographic structure and genetic divergence between populations. The southwestern United States contains many distinctive plant communities, ranging from woodlands to desert scrub, that are shaped by species adapting to local variation in elevation, precipitation, seasonality, and soils. Given this variation, species occurring across diverse habitats are expected to harbor high genetic diversity and exhibit significant genetic differences associated with environmental variation.

Methodology. Here, we studied the genetic divergence of populations of Xanthisma gracile (Asteraceae) across Arizona using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and evaluated associations …

Hormon Etilen Dan Auksin Serta Kaitannya Dalam Pembentukan Tomat Tahan Simpan Dan Tanpa Biji, Syariful Mubarok, Alin Robiah Al Adawiyah, Arin Rosmala, Fathi Rufaidah, Anne Nuraini, Erni Suminar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tomat merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman hortikultura penting di Indonesia. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, sudah banyak dikembangkan varietas tomat baru yang mempunyai karakter-karakter yang diinginkan antara lain tahan akan penyakit, produktivitas tinggi tinggi, kandungan nutrisi tinggi dan lain-lain. Penerapan teknologi melalui pendekatan hormonal sangat penting untuk menghasilkan jenis tomat baru, diantaranya adalah hormone etilen dan auksin. Kedua hormone tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat khususnya untuk menghasilkan tomat yang adaptif pada kondisi lingkungan tercekam dan ketahanan simpan buah yang tinggi. Teknologi mutasi pada kedua hormone tersebut sudah dapat menghasilkan tomat yang diinginkan diantaranya adalah tomat iaa9-3 yang merupakan …

Kompatibilitas Persilangan Interspesifik Pada Spesies Cabai, Iklillah Maulidiyah Warda, Budi Waluyo

Jurnal Kultivasi

Peningkatan produksi cabai (Capsicum sp.) dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan diversifikasi jenis baru dari hasil persilangan antar spesies. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mempelajari kompatibilitas pada penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang buatan interspesies. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2020 – Juni 2020. Bahan yang digunakan ialah 4 spesies cabai. Persilangan disusun berdasarkan rancangan perkawinan dialil lengkap. Terdapat 16 kombinasi persilangan. Perbedaan karakter kuantitatif penyerbukan sendiri dan silang diuji menggunakan uji t 5%. Penyerbukan sendiri pada setiap spesies memiliki kompatibilitas penuh dengan persentase pembentukan buah yaitu 100%. Persilangan antara C. annuum Cann(B)-CYM2-151-3 x C. baccatum Cbac-09(S), C. frutescens Cfru-03(4) x C. annuum Cann(B)-CYM2-151-3 dan …

The Virome Of Peony And The Population Structure Of Its Most Prominent Viruses, Cullen Shaffer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Peony (Peonia lactiflora, Pall.) is a popular ornamental that has been cultivated for millennia. Due to its popularity, plant material is frequently moved across international borders allowing for the spread of viruses. The virome of several peony plants was investigated and four viruses; namely Amazon lily mild mottle virus (ALiMMV), Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV), Gentian Kobu-sho associated virus (GKaV) and Lychnis mottle virus (LycMoV) were detected for the first time in the Western Hemisphere. Incidence ranged from a few plants for ALiMMV to near universal infection for CNSV. GKaV was found in individuals that were infected with Lemoine’s disease …

Resistance To Herbicides Conferred By Amaranthus Palmeri Protoporphyrinogen Ix Oxidase Mutations, Pamela Carvalho De Lima

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is one of the most problematic agronomic weeds to control in fields across Arkansas. Thus far, this species has evolved resistance to several herbicides, including protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. The majority of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth populations harbor a target-site mutation (substitution or deletion of amino acids). The objective of this thesis was to identify the level of fomesafen resistance conferred by PPO2 mutations from Palmer amaranth. The experiments conducted aimed to (1) characterize the level of resistance conferred by the transgene Palmer amaranth ppo2 carrying ΔG210 mutation into the wild type rice (Oryza …

Estimation Of Additive And Dominance Effects Of A Mutant Glutathione S-Transferase Gene On Anthocyanin And Proanthocyanidin Content In Muscadine Grape (Vitis Rotundifolia), Autumn Brown

Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses

The skin color of muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) is typically classified as black or bronze. A glutathione S-transferase, VrunGST4, has been identified as a candidate gene for berry skin color in muscadine grapes. A molecular marker was developed within VrunGST4 to distinguish between muscadine genotypes (cultivars and selections) with bronze (T:T), heterozygote black (C:T), and homozygote black (C:C) berries. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there was a correlation between berry skin color and total anthocyanin content and to calculate additive and dominance effects of VrunGST4 in determining total anthocyanins in the berries and …

Characterization Of Genetic Sources Associated With Restorability And Seed Dimension In Arkansas Restorer Rice Lines, Ozgur Azapoglu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding offers a significant opportunity to enhance rice production, and the cultivation of a male sterile line is the most important factor in the success of cross-breeding. One of the key elements of hybrid rice production is to develop a restorer line that is assigned as the male parent. The restorer lines provide viable pollen for fertilization of the male sterile plant due to the presence of a restorer gene (Rf) in their genomes. Any superior restorer line applied to hybrid rice production must contain genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the desirable agronomic traits …

Fine-Scale Patterns Of Genetic Structure In The Host Plant Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Fabaceae) And Its Nodulating Rhizobia Symbionts, Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh Nobarinezhad, Lisa A. Wallace

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In natural plant populations, a fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) can result from limited gene flow, selection pressures or spatial autocorrelation. However, limited gene flow is considered the predominant determinant in the establishment of SGS. With limited dispersal ability of bacterial cells in soil and host influence on their variety and abundance, spatial autocorrelation of bacterial communities associated with plants is expected. For this study, we collected genetic data from legume host plants, Chamaecrista fasciculata, their Bradyrhizobium symbionts and rhizosphere free-living bacteria at a small spatial scale to evaluate the extent to which symbiotic partners will have similar SGS …

Improving Breeding Program Efficiency And Genetic Gain Through The Implementation Of Genomic Selection In Diverse Wheat Germplasm, Dylan Larkin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Genomic selection (GS) is an important tool for increasing genetic gain for economically important traits in breeding programs. Genomic selection uses molecular markers across the entire genome in order to predict the performance of breeding lines for a trait of interest prior to phenotyping. A training population (TP) of elite germplasm, representative of the University of Arkansas wheat breeding program, was developed in order to predict important agronomic and Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance traits within the University of Arkansas wheat breeding program through cross-validation and forward prediction.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on the TP to identify …

Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Drought Resistance And Productivity Traits Of Rice Genotypes, Yheni Dwiningsih

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for a majority of the world’s population, and uses 30% of the global fresh water during its life cycle. Drought at the reproductive stage is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting grain yield. The United States is the third largest exporter of rice, and Arkansas is the top rice-producing state. The Arkansas rice-growing region in the Lower Mississippi belt is among the 10 areas with the highest risk of water scarcity. Adapted U.S. rice cultivars were screened for drought resistant (DR) traits to find sources for breeding U.S. rice cultivars for …

Association Mapping For Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Protein And Oil Content, Joseph Najjar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] is an important economic crop because of its high content of seed protein and oil. Seed oil and protein content are quantitative inherited traits. The genetics of seed protein and oil levels have been extensively studied, with 367 QTL reported for protein and 475 QTL reported for oil to date. Validation of such QTLs, and identification of easily-automatable molecular markers around these QTL will aid the progression of breeding for such traits. The focus of this research was to discover novel and verify previously reported QTL related to protein and/or oil content via Genome-Wide Association …

Selection And Propagation Of Pinyon Pine, Kylie M. Lawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Single-leaf pinyon pines are drought tolerant trees native to the Great Basin. This species is a source of wild-collected, edible pine nuts that are in great demand. With no previous research apparent, this thesis aimed to identify wild trees with high cone production as sources for evaluating grafting onto immature and mature trees. Wild sources of scions were identified from four wild stands and six trees per stand. Counting and analyzing the number of scars left by mature cones along the leader branch provided an estimate for each tree‚Äôs productivity and identified trees with greater productivity within a stand. The …

Dct4—A New Member Of The Dicarboxylate Transporter Family In C4 Grasse, Sarit Weissmann, Pu Huang, Madeline A. Wiechert, Koki Furuyama, Thomas P. Brutnell, Mitsutaka Taniguchi, James C. Schnable, Todd C. Mockler

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Malate transport shuttles atmospheric carbon into the Calvin–Benson cycle during NADP-ME C4 photosynthesis. Previous characterizations of several plant dicarboxylate transporters (DCT) showed that they efficiently exchange malate across membranes. Here, we identify and characterize a previously unknown member of the DCT family, DCT4, in Sorghum bicolor. We show that SbDCT4 exchangesmalateacrossmembranesanditsexpressionpatternisconsistentwitharoleinmalatetransportduringC4 photosynthesis. SbDCT4 is not syntenic to the characterized photosynthetic gene ZmDCT2, and an ortholog is not detectable in the maize reference genome. We found that the expression patterns of DCT family genes in the leaves of Zea mays, and S. bicolor varied by cell type. Our results suggest that …

The Benefits Of The Arkansas Rice Check-Off Program, B. Peterson-Wilhelm, L. L. Nalley, A. Durand-Morat, A. Shew, R. Parajuli, G. Thoma

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

As margins are reducing for agricultural producers there is a concerted effort to analyze all costs. One such cost for rice producers in Arkansas is their contribution to the Rice Check-off Program. This study analyzes the cost-benefit ratio of funds contributed by Arkansas rice producers and the holistic (both economic and environmental) benefits they receive. This study analyzes just five of the many programs the Rice Check-off Program invests in through the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UASDA) and suggests that every dollar invested generated an average return of $28.49 between 2002–2018 ($70.45 when ecosystem benefits are included). …

Hu Aquaponics Monitoring And Control System : European Annual Edunet Conference 2020, Rachel L. Fogle, Glenn P. Williams, Josh R. Krug

Harrisburg University Presidential Research Grants

The functional purpose of the HU Aquaponics Monitoring and Control System Project is to develop an environmental and plant monitoring and control system for the HU Aquaponics Lab, located in the Student Union. The project involves the design and implementation of technology that will regularly take measurements from the environment (e.g., air temperature, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc). PLCnext Technology will systematically collect, store, and web-publish the measurement data for HU researchers and the public to use for scientific research.