Botany Commons^™

Relative Competitive Abilities, Intersexual Overyielding, And Population Sex Ratio Changes In A Bryophyte, Zachary Stanley

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Unequal sex ratios are widespread in dioecious plants and understanding their cause is important to understanding fundamental aspects of their population dynamics, and yet what causes biased sex ratios in plants is still poorly understood. Competition experiments have been used in plants to predict the outcome of species interactions, but they have rarely been used to help explain sex ratio bias. This study used a response surface competition design to measure the relative competitive abilities of the sexes of the bryophyte Marchantia inflexa (a thallus liverwort of Marchantiaceae) to predict the outcome of competition before the onset of sexual reproductive …

Manfreda Maculosa Leaf Extracts And Their Effects On Whole And Selected Myotoxic Components In Crotalid Venom, Charles Steven Gilbert

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Manfreda spp have been used for the treatment of snakebite by several cultures in North and Central America (Austin & Honychurch, 2004, Johnson, 1999, Moerman, 2008, Verhoek, 1978a). There has been no systematic study of the genus Manfreda for its usefulness in the treatment of snakebite.

While the annual incidence of snakebite in the United States is relatively low (approximately 8,000 - 10,000), with a low mortality rate of 5 - 6 cases per year, there is still significant morbidity associated with snakebite (CDC - NIOSH, 2018, Springhouse Corp (eds), 2005). Worldwide numbers of the cases of snakebite can only …

Chicken Feather Protein Hydrolysate As A Biostimulant Improves The Growth Of Wheat Seedlings By Affecting Biochemical And Physiological Parameters, Ebru Genç, Ökkeş Atici

Turkish Journal of Botany

We derived a protein hydrolysate with rich content, which includes proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids, from chicken feathers by using an alkaline hydrolysis procedure with high yield success. After foliar application of aqueous solutions (0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%) of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) to the seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. `Altındane? and `Bezostaya?), their effects were evaluated on important physiological and biochemical parameters. Treating plants with CFPH stimulated the expression of RuBisCo and increased root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of the seedlings, and photosynthetic pigment content. In addition, applying CFPH at 0.075% and 0.1% concentrations …

Cloning And Expression Analysis Of A New Chalcone Isomerase Gene Duringflowering In Safflower, Chaoxiang Ren, Xiaohui Tang, Cuiping Chen, Jiang Chen, Jin Pei, Yiyun Wu, Qinghua Wu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine because of their ability to improve cerebral blood flow. The major active ingredients in safflower are flavonoids. To date, few flavonoid biosynthesis genes have been cloned from this species. In our previous research, four isoform chalcone isomerase genes were screened. In this study, a new chalcone isomerase gene (designated as CtCHI-N) was cloned from a safflower cDNA library. A 696-bp cDNA for CtCHI-N was cloned, and its sequence was subsequently analyzed. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, and the expression of …

Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Acclimation Of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) To Salt Stress, Hewsley Silva, André Azevedo Neto, Renata Menezes, Petterson Silva, Hans Gheyi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of application of H2O2 on salt tolerance and oil production in basil cv. `Gennaro de Menta? grown in a hydroponic system. Seedlings were subjected to 3 levels of H2O2 (0, 1, and 1000 ?M) in a nutrient solution during 2 different exposure periods (24 and 48 h) and 2 levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM). The plants were harvested at preflowering (at 15 days) and postflowering (at 25 days). At 25 days, the application of 1 ?M H2O2/48 h and its reapplication at preflowering increased leaf dry mass production …

Contributions To The Genus Riccia L. (Ricciaceae) In Turkey, Hati̇ce Özenoğlu, Mesut Kirmaci, Ferhat Ki̇remi̇t

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study provides an identification key to the species of Riccia in Turkey and also gives information about detailed morphological and anatomic characters, reproductive forms, detailed photos of Riccia species and their spores, ecological preferences, and distribution patterns in the Mediterranean, Europe, and Southwest Asia. The number of Riccia taxa in Turkey has reached 27 including R. atromarginata, reported for the first time from Turkey in this study. Additionally, the presence of R. gougetiana var. armatissima and R. trabutiana in Turkey is confirmed here. This study reports other distribution areas of the species R. bicarinata, R. ciliata, R. ciliifera, R. …

Seed Germination Requirements Of Relictic And Broadly-Distributed Populations Of Chaerophyllum Aureum (Apiaceae): Connecting Ecophysiology And Genetic Identity, Alejandro Santiago, Oussama Ahrazem, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez, Miguel Ángel Copete, Raquel Herranz, Pablo Ferrandis

Turkish Journal of Botany

The main goal of this work was to relate the germinative ecology and genetic variability of Chaerolhyllum aureum L., an Apiaceae plant with dormant, underdeveloped embryos at the time of seed dispersal. We compared the seed germination physiology traits between a relictic geographically isolated Mediterranean population (Iberian System; central Spain) and a population located in the main, colder Atlantic Alpine core (Pyrenees; northern Spain). We analyzed both populations? genetic identity in parallel on the basis of ISSR?PCR analyses. Stratification, gibberellin treatment, and seed storage tests showed that C. aureum seeds have deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. The Iberian System population seeds …

Comparative Plastomes Analysis Reveals The First Infrageneric Evolutionary Hotspots Of Orthotrichum S.L. (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta), Patryk Mizia, Kamil Myszczynski, Monika Slipiko, Katarzyna Krawczyk, Vitezslav Plásek, Monika Szczecinska, Jakub Sawicki

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plastomes serve as the main resources in the study of plant phylogeny, phylogeography, and barcode development. To date, only 5 complete plastomes of acrocarpous mosses are known. This study analyzes the complete plastome sequence of 5 mosses from Orthotrichaceae: Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen & E. Warncke; Orthotrichum rogeri Brid.; Stoneobryum bunyaense D.H. Norris & H. Rob.; Lewinskya incana F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet;and Ulota bruchii Hornsch. The plastomes of all studied species are similar in length (ca. 123 kbp) and have a quadripartite structure with 118 unique genes. A total of 278 simple sequence repeats were found, and the mononucleotide …

New Desmid Records From High Mountain Lakes In Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane, Turkey, Bülent Şahi̇n, Bülent Akar

Turkish Journal of Botany

The algal flora of 17 lakes and 1 pond in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park were investigated during two summer seasons (2013 and 2016). In total, 26 desmid taxa were found and identified as new records for the desmid flora of Turkey based on their morphotaxonomic characteristics and ecological preferences. The taxa identified belong to the genera Actinotaenium (1), Closterium (1), Cosmarium (15), Micrasterias (1), Spondylosium (1), Staurastrum (5), Teilingia (1), and Tetmemorus (1). Morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species were discussed in detail.

Bioassessing Ecological Status Of Surface Waters In The Araban-Yavuzeli Catchment (Turkey): Application Of Diatom Indices, Abuzer Çelekli̇, Fatma Bi̇lgi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Within the scope of the European Union Water Framework Directive, diatom assemblages as biological quality components were used to evaluate the ecological status of 12 surface waters in the Araban-Yavuzeli catchment between October 2013 and October 2014. A total of 75 diatom species were identified during the study period. Amphora ovalis, Denticula elegans, Gomphonema parvulum,Gomphonema truncatum, and Navicula cryptocephala were commonly observed. The relationship between diatom assemblages and environmental factors was assessed by canonical correspondence analysis and weighted average regression. Dissolved oxygen, tem-perature, nitrate, biological oxygen demand, lead, and copper played significant roles in the distribution and composition of diatom …

Morphological And Leaf Anatomical Variability Of Crocus Cf. Heuffelianus Herb. (Iridaceae) Populations From The Different Habitats Of The Balkan Peninsula, Irena Raca, Milica Jovanovic, Irena Ljubisavljevic, Marina Juskovic, Vladimir Randelovic

Turkish Journal of Botany

Crocus cf. heuffelianus Herb. belongs to the series Verni Mathew and presents one of the most complex and critical taxa within the whole genus Crocus L. Depending on different authors, C. cf. heuffelianus is sometimes split into different taxa (e.g., C. scepusiensis (Rehmer & Wol.) Borbás ex Kulcz., C. vittatus Schloss. & Vuk., nom. illeg.). In order to disentangle the complicated taxonomical status of this species and to determine the degree of its morphoanatomical variability in the different environmental conditions, a comparative investigation of plant morphology and leaf anatomy of seven populations from the Balkan Peninsula was carried out. Morphometric …

Development Of Chlorophyll-Meter-Index-Based Dynamic Models For Evaluation Of High-Yield Japonica Rice Production In Yangtze River Reaches, Ke Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim, Songyang Li, Brian Krienke, Songyang Li, Qiang Cao, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Yongchao Tian

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate estimation of the nitrogen (N) spatial distribution of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is imperative when it is sought to maintain regional and global carbon balances. We systematically evaluated the normalized differences of the soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) index (the normalized difference SPAD indexes, NDSIs) between the upper (the first and second leaves from the top), and lower (the third and fourth leaves from the top) leaves of Japonica rice. Four multi-location, multi-N rate (0–390 kg ha^-1) field experiments were conducted using seven Japonica rice cultivars (9915, 27123, Wuxiangjing14, Wunyunjing19, Wunyunjing24, Liangyou9, and Yongyou8). Growth …

Fire Legacies In Eastern Ponderosa Pine Forests, Caleb P. Roberts, Victoria M. Donovan, Carissa L. Wonkka, Larkin A. Powell, Craig R. Allen, David G. Angeler, David A. Wedin, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Disturbance legacies structure communities and ecological memory, but due to increasing changes in disturbance regimes, it is becoming more difficult to characterize disturbance legacies or determine how long they persist. We sought to quantify the characteristics and persistence of material legacies (e.g., biotic residuals of disturbance) that arise from variation in fire severity in an eastern ponderosa pine forest in North America. We compared forest stand structure and understory woody plant and bird community composition and species richness across unburned, low‐, moderate‐, and high‐severity burn patches in a 27‐year‐old mixed‐severity wildfire that had received minimal post‐fire management. We identified distinct …

Engineering Linear, Branched-Chain Triterpene Metabolism In Monocots, Chase Kempinski, Zuodong Jiang, Garrett Zinck, Shirley J. Sato, Zhengxiang Ge, Thomas E. Clemente, Joseph Chappell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Triterpenes are thirty-carbon compounds derived from the universal five-carbon prenyl precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Normally, triterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway operating in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes where DMAPP is condensed with two IPPs to yield farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), catalyzed by FPP synthase (FPS). Squalene synthase (SQS) condenses two molecules of FPP to generate the symmetrical product squalene, the first committed precursor to sterols and most other triterpenes. In the green algae Botryococcus braunii, two FPP molecules can also be condensed in an asymmetric manner yielding the more highly branched triterpene, botryococcene. Botryococcene …

Relationships Between Wildfire Burn Severity, Cavity-Nesting Bird Assemblages, And Habitat In An Eastern Ponderosa Pine Forest, Emma C. Keele, Victoria M. Donovan, Caleb P. Roberts, Sarah M. Nodskov, Carissa L. Wonkka, Craig R. Allen, Larkin A. Powell, David A. Wedin, David G. Angeler, Dirac Twidwell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Historically, eastern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests were described as sparse patches of old-growth trees maintained by frequent, low-severity fires; however, in recent decades, there have been a number of large mixed-severity wildfires throughout the range of these forests. Wildlife responses to severe fire disturbance in eastern ponderosa pine forests are not well understood. Our study investigates how cavity-nesting bird species in an eastern ponderosa pine forest are impacted by burn severity. The objectives of our study were to: (1) identify the community composition of cavity-nesting birds in a 27 y old burn of mixed severity, (2) assess …

Spatial Variability Of Soil Properties Under Different Land Use In The Dang District Of Nepal, Dinesh Panday, Roshan Babu Ojha, Devraj Chalise, Saurav Das, Bikesh Twanabasu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increased nutrient mining, soil erosion, and limited nutrient management has led to declines in soil quality and reduced productivity in many parts of Nepal. A study was conducted in the eastern part of the Dang district of Nepal in 2015 to assess the variability of selected soil properties of three different land use types (agricultural, agroforestry, and grassland) and to map their spatial distribution. A total of 120 soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm depth and analyzed for soil fertility parameters: pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), boron (B), and zinc (Zn). Results revealed that …

Cover Crop Mixture Diversity, Biomass Productivity, Weed Suppression, And Stability, A. M. Florence, Leon G. Higley, R. A. Drijber, Charles A. Francis, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The diversity-productivity, diversity-invasibility, and diversity-stability hypotheses propose that increasing species diversity should lead, respectively, to increased average biomass productivity, invasion resistance, and stability. We tested these three hypotheses in the context of cover crop mixtures, evaluating the effects of increasing cover crop mixture diversity on above ground biomass, weed suppression, and biomass stability. Twenty to forty cover crop treatments were replicated three or four times at eleven sites using eighteen species representing three cover crop species each from six pre-defined functional groups: cool-season grasses, cool-season legumes, cool-season brassicas, warm-season grasses, warm-season legumes, and warm-season broadleaves. Each species was seeded as …

Ponderosa Pine Regeneration,Wildland Fuels Management, And Habitat Conservation: Identifying Trade-Offs Following Wildfire, Victoria M. Donovan, Caleb P. Roberts, Carissa L. Wonkka, David A. Wedin, Dirac L. Twidwell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increasing wildfires in western North American conifer forests have led to debates surrounding the application of post-fire management practices. There is a lack of consensus on whether (and to what extent) post-fire management assists or hinders managers in achieving goals, particularly in under-studied regions like eastern ponderosa pine forests. This makes it difficult for forest managers to balance among competing interests. We contrast structural and community characteristics across unburned ponderosa pine forest, severely burned ponderosa pine forest, and severely burned ponderosa pine forest treated with post-fire management with respect to three management objectives: ponderosa pine regeneration, wildland fuels control, and …

Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum As Soil Amendment, Dinesh Panday, Richard Ferguson, Bijesh Maharjan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is one of the by-products of a coal-fired power generation plant. Coal is the world’s most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. After natural gas, coal is the second primary source of energy to generate electricity globally (more than 25%) and remains a key component of the fuel mix for power generation to meet electricity demand in most of the developing countries. The U.S., China and India are the top coal producers and consumers (for production of electricity from coal sources) in the world (OECD/IEA, 2014; IEA, 2016). However, in the U.S., its contribution to …

A Key Variant In The Cis-Regulatory Element Of Flowering Gene Ghd8 Associated With Cold Tolerance In Rice, Peng Wang, Yin Xiong, Rong Gong, Ying Yang, Kai Fan, Sibin Yu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Variations in the gene promoter play critical roles in the evolution of important adaptive traits in crops, but direct links of the regulatory mutation to the adaptive change are not well understood. Here, we examine the nucleotide variations in the promoter region of a transcription factor (Ghd8) that control grain number, plant height and heading date in rice. We find that a dominant promoter type of subspecies japonica displayed a high activity for Ghd8 expression in comparison with the one in indica. Transgenic analyses revealed that higher expression levels of Ghd8 delayed heading date and enhanced cold …