Botany Commons^™

Driving Factors Affecting The Phytoplankton Functional Groups In A Deep Alkaline Lake, Ayça Oğuz, Reyhan Akçaalan Albay, Lati̇fe Köker, Cenk Gürevi̇n, Zeynep Dorak, Meri̇ç Albay

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study evaluated the phytoplankton communities based on functional groups to obtain information about the water quality of Lake İznik, Turkey. The phytoplankton consisted of 103 taxa, classified in 12 phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs), with dominancy of 5 species, Chrysosporum ovalisporum, Dolichospermum mendotae, Planktothrix rubescens, Fragilaria capucina and Mougeotia sp. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was calculated and results ranged between 0.41 and 2.47. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman's correlation analysis were used to assess the relationships between the PFGs and environmental variables. According to the multiple comparisons of the data, the main efficient factors that determined the seasonal …

Two New Hybrid Species Of Salvia (S. × Karamanensis And S. × Doganii) From Turkey: Evidence From Molecular And Morphological Studies, Ferhat Celep, Emma Raders, Bryan Drew

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salvia L. is an ideal exemplar to demonstrate prezygotic isolation mechanisms in sympatric populations due to their wellknown staminal lever mechanism. Mechanical, phenological, and ethological isolation mechanisms have been reported among sympatric species of Salvia. However, it has been shown that if closely related species are sympatric and flower at the same time, they can potentially hybridize. In this study, we describe two new hybrid species of Salvia (S. × karamanensis Celep & B.T.Drew, and S. × doganii Celep & B.T.Drew) from Turkey based on morphological and molecular evidence. Salvia × karamanensis (S. aucheri Benth. subsp. canescens (Boiss. & Heldr.) …

Astragalus Aybarsii A New Species Of Sect. Onobrychoidei Dc. (Fabaceae) From Turkey, Hayri̇ Duman, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Funda Özbek

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus aybarsii H. Duman & Aytaç (Fabaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Kastamonu province (Turkey). The new species grows in open areas of Pinus brutia Ten. forests. Diagnostic and morphological charactersof the new species are compared with its close relatives, A. setulosus Boiss. & Balansa and A. eubrychioides Boiss. Also, some notes on the ecology, biogeography, conservation status and the pollen morphological and leaflet micromorphological features of the new species are presented. The geographical distribution of this new species and its allied species is mapped.

The Synopsis Of The Genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) In Turkey, Hasan Akan, Murat Eki̇ci̇, Zeki̇ Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the synopsis of the taxa of the genus Trigonella in Turkey is presented. It is represented with 34 taxa in Turkey. The name of Trigonella coelesyriaca was misspelled to Flora of Turkey and the correct name of this species, Trigonella caelesyriaca, was given in this study. The endemic Trigonella raphanina has been reduced to synonym of T. cassia and T. balansae is reduced to synonym of T. corniculata. In addition, T. spruneriana var. sibthorpii is reevaluated as a distinct species. Lectotypification was designated for T. capitata, T. spruneriana and T. velutina. Neotypification was decided for T. cylindracea …

The Limits Of Lead (Pb) Phytoextraction And Possibilities Of Phytostabilization In Contaminated Soil: A Critical Review, Sara Perl Egendorf, Peter M. Groffman, Gerry Moore, Zhongqi Cheng

Advanced Science Research Center

This review article focuses on lead (Pb), one of the most ubiquitous and harmful toxicants found in soil. Our objective is to address misconceptions regarding the ability of plants to uptake Pb through their roots and translocate it to above-ground tissues, and their ability to act as hyperaccumulators and thereby phytoextract Pb. In accordance with a number of cited definitions, we suggest that species capable of Pb phytoextraction can be rated with the following three criteria: (1) root uptake above a nominal threshold of 1,000 mg Pb/kg, (2) bioconcentration factor (BCF or shoot/soil concentration) >1, and (3) translocation factor (TF …

ผลของฤดูกาลต่อการเติบโตและประสิทธิภาพของการดูดซึมกลับของไนโตรเจนและฟอสฟอรัสของแสมขาว Avicennia Alba Blume ในป่าชายเลน ปากแม่น้ำตราด, ปิยะพล แก่นคง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ป่าชายเลนมีบทบาทสำคัญในการเป็นแหล่งสะสมคาร์บอนเนื่องจากเป็นระบบนิเวศที่มีผลผลิตขั้นปฐมภูมิสุทธิ (net primary production; NPP) สูง แม้ว่าต้นไม้ในป่าชายเลนจะเจริญอยู่ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่ดินมีความเค็มสูง อีกทั้งยังมีปริมาณออกซิเจนในดินค่อนข้างจำกัด เนื่องจากได้รับผลกระทบจากการขึ้นลงของน้ำทะเล ระดับน้ำทะเลทั่วโลกมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มสูงขึ้นเนื่องจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศโลก ส่งผลทำให้ความเค็มและปริมาณสารอาหารในป่าชายเลนเปลี่ยนแปลงไป ซึ่งอาจส่งผลกระทบต่อการเติบโตของต้นไม้ป่าชายเลน การศึกษาครั้งนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการเติบโตด้านการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้น และการผลิและร่วงของใบ รวมถึงศึกษาการดูดซึมกลับของสารอาหารในใบของแสมขาว (Avicennia alba) ในช่วงฤดูฝนและฤดูแล้ง ตั้งแต่เดือนกรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2562 ถึงมิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2563 โดยมีพื้นที่ศึกษาอยู่ในป่าชายเลนรุ่นสองบริเวณปากแม่น้ำตราด ผลการศึกษาพบว่าการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้นและการผลิใบมีความผันแปรตามฤดูกาล โดยพบว่ามีอัตราที่สูงขึ้นในช่วงฤดูฝนจากนั้นจึงลดลงในช่วงฤดูแล้ง เนื่องจากปริมาณน้ำฝนที่มากในช่วงฤดูฝนส่งผลให้ความเค็มของน้ำลดลง อีกทั้งไนโตรเจนในน้ำยังมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้น จึงทำให้ A. alba ได้รับน้ำจืดและไนโตรเจนผ่านการดูดซึมของรากสำหรับการเติบโตมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าประสิทธิภาพการดูดซึมกลับของฟอสฟอรัส (phosphorus resorption efficiency; PRE) ในใบมีค่าสูงในช่วงฤดูฝน จึงทำให้มีสารอาหารสำหรับการเติบโตเพิ่มมากขึ้น และส่งผลให้มีการเติบโตทั้งในด้านการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้นและการผลิใบที่มากขึ้นในช่วงฤดูฝน แสดงให้เห็นว่า A. alba มีกลยุทธ์ในการปรับตัวเพื่อให้เติบโตอยู่ได้ภายใต้สภาพแวดล้อมที่มีความผันแปรของความเค็มและสารอาหารตามฤดูกาล โดยมีอัตราการเติบโตสูงในช่วงที่ความเค็มลดลง อีกทั้งยังเพิ่มการหมุนเวียนสารอาหารจากใบกลับมาใช้ใหม่มากขึ้นเพื่อตอบสนองต่อการเติบโตที่สูงในช่วงฤดูฝน ซึ่งกลยุทธ์การเติบโตนี้เป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ทำให้ระบบนิเวศป่าชายเลนยังคงทำหน้าที่เป็นแหล่งสะสมคาร์บอนที่สำคัญของโลกต่อไป

Interspecific Gene Flow Potentiates Adaptive Evolution In A Hybrid Zone Formed Between Pinus Strobiformis And Pinus Flexilis, Mitra Menon

Theses and Dissertations

Species range margins are often characterised by high degrees of habitat fragmentation resulting in low genetic diversity and higher gene flow from populations at the core of the species range. Interspecific gene flow from a closely related species with abutting range margins can increase standing genetic diversity and generate novel allelic combinations thereby alleviating limits to adaptive evolution in range margin populations. Hybridization driven interspecific gene flow has played a key role in the demographic history of several conifer due to their life history characteristics such as weak crossability barriers and long generation times. Nevertheless, demonstrating whether introgression is adaptive …

Small Mammal Communities In Grasslands At The Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, Usa, Lynda R. Lafond, Elizabeth H. Rave, Kathryn A. Yurkonis

The Prairie Naturalist

Small mammals are important in grasslands but are often overlooked in management and reconstruction efforts. We sampled small mammals in three sites on the Grand Forks Air Force Base (GFAFB) located in central Grand Forks County, North Dakota, USA. The study sites varied in their management history and represented the three major types of grasslands (reconstructed prairie, old field, and hay field) within Grand Forks County. We captured 463 individuals of six species with Sherman live traps in summer (June, July, August) 2014 and 2015. We captured the most individuals and species (295 individuals of 5 species), including all shrews …

Wood Frogs (Rana Sylvatica) In Southwestern Roberts County And Western Grant County, South Dakota, Dennis R. Skadsen, Drew R. Davis

The Prairie Naturalist

Historically, only six records of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica) existed from South Dakota, all represented by museum specimens. A single specimen was collected from Hartford Beach on Big Stone Lake, Roberts County in 1922 (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution [USNM] 65452) and five Wood Frogs were collected near the outlet of Blue Dog Lake, Day County in 1929 (USNM 312618– 312622; Fig. 1). After the 1920s, no other Wood Frogs were reported in South Dakota for the next six decades, and the species was presumed extirpated. Over (1923, 1943) reported the species was common in the …

Trends In A Greater Prairie Chicken Population Established By Translocation In North Dakota, Gary Huschle, John E. Toepfer

The Prairie Naturalist

In 1992, an effort was undertaken by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department (NDGFD), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and North Dakota Chapter of the Wildlife Society to reestablish a viable population of greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus; hereafter prairie chickens) in northeast North Dakota. The release area was centered on the Prairie Chicken Wildlife Management Area located 22.5 km northwest of Grand Forks, North Dakota, in the northern part of Grand Forks County. Topography consists of poorly drained, saline flats and swells separated by poorly drained swales and sloughs in the Red River Valley (Beringer 1995). Permanent …

Patterns And Potential Causes Of Changing Winter Bird Distributions In South Dakota, David L. Swanson, Reza Goljani Amirkhiz, Mark D. Dixon

The Prairie Naturalist

Average winter temperatures in the north-central United States have been increasing since the 1970s, and this warming might influence winter distributions of birds in the region. Species potentially influenced by such winter warming include short-distance migrants for which the northern boundary of the winter range is influenced by temperature, such as hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus), yellow-rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata), and fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca). We examined winter records during 1974–2017 from a citizen-science bird observation database for South Dakota to determine recent trends in winter records for these three species. We compared their occurrence patterns with those for three benchmark …

Do Coffee Agroforestry Systems Always Improve Soil Carbon Stocks Deeper In The Soil?—A Case Study From Turrialba, Costa Rica, Nilovna Chatterjee, P. K. Ramachandran Nair, Vimala D. Nair, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Elias De Melo Virginio Filho, Rheinhold G. Muschler, Martin R.A. Noponen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Shaded perennial agroforestry systems (AFS) are regarded as desirable land‐use practices that improve soil carbon sequestration. However, most studies assume a positive correlation between above ground and below ground carbon without considering the effect of past and current land management, textural variations (silt and clay percentage), and such other site‐specific factors that have a major influence on the extent of soil C sequestration. We assessed SOC stock at various depths (0–10, 10–30, 30–60, and 60–100 cm) in shaded perennial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) AFS in a 17‐ year‐old experimental field at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, (9°53′44′′ …

Pi‑Plat: A High‑Resolution Image‑Based 3d Reconstruction Method To Estimate Growth Dynamics Of Rice Inflorescence Traits, Jaspreet Sandhu, Feiyu Zhu, Puneet Paul, Tian Gao, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Yufeng Ge, Paul E. Staswick, Hongfeng Yu, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Recent advances in image-based plant phenotyping have improved our capability to study vegetative stage growth dynamics. However, more complex agronomic traits such as inflorescence architecture (IA), which predominantly contributes to grain crop yield are more challenging to quantify and hence are relatively less explored. Previous efforts to estimate inflorescence-related traits using image-based phenotyping have been limited to destructive end-point measurements. Development of non-destructive inflorescence phenotyping platforms could accelerate the discovery of the phenotypic variation with respect to inflorescence dynamics and mapping of the underlying genes regulating critical yield components.

Results: The major objective of this study is to evaluate …

Grasses Endemic To The Conterminous United States, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Divergent Phenotypic Response Of Rice Accessions To Transient Heat Stress During Early Seed Development, Puneet Paul, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Jaspreet Sandhu, Waseem Hussain, Larissa Irvin, Gota Morota, Paul E. Staswick, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increasing global surface temperatures is posing a major food security challenge. Part of the solution to address this problem is to improve crop heat resilience, especially during grain development, along with agronomic decisions such as shift in planting time and increasing crop diversification. Rice is a major food crop consumed by more than 3 billion people. For rice, thermal sensitivity of reproductive development and grain filling is well-documented, while knowledge concerning the impact of heat stress (HS) on early seed development is limited. Here, we aim to study the phenotypic variation in a set of diverse rice accessions for elucidating …

Landscape Scale: Inter- And Intraspecific Variation In Plant Interactions Along A Stress Gradient In The Sheep Range Of Nevada, Jordan Dowell

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Impending threats to shrubland ecosystems, posed by climate change, necessitate niche modeling efforts to project vegetation range shifts. However, efforts often remain unguided by individual-scale interspecific plant interactions. The stress gradient hypothesis posits that facilitation should increase in areas of high abiotic stress, only if the individuals are able to ameliorate the surrounding area via functional traits. The Sheep Range of Nevada was used to assess the role of functional traits as predictors of plant association. Larrea tridentata, Coleogyne ramosissima, and Artemisia nova were selected as shrubs with variable life history strategies and ranges in order to identify general patterns …

Ploidy And Clonal Membership In Populus Tremuloides From Radseq Data, James A. Walton, Benjamin Blonder, Karen E. Mock

Browse all Datasets

Ipyrad pipeline parameters files, raw sequence data, barcodes and supporting scripts for clonal and cytotype sample assignment of Populus tremuloides.

Deep Kernel And Deep Learning For Genome-Based Prediction Of Single Traits In Multienvironment Breeding Trials, José Crossa, Johannes W.R. Martini, Daniel Gianola, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego Jarquin, Philomin Juliana, Osval Antonio Montesinos López, Jaime Cuevas

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Deep learning (DL) is a promising method for genomic-enabled prediction. However, the implementation of DL is difficult because many hyperparameters (number of hidden layers, number of neurons, learning rate, number of epochs, batch size, etc.) need to be tuned. For this reason, deep kernel methods, which only require defining the number of layers, may be an attractive alternative. Deep kernel methods emulate DL models with a large number of neurons, but are defined by relatively easily computed covariance matrices. In this research, we compared the genome-based prediction of DL to a deep kernel (arc-cosine kernel, AK), to the commonly used …

Vascular Plant Families Of The United States Grouped By Diagnostic Features, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Watching Grass Grow: How Soil Moisture Affects Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae And Growth In Little Bluestem, Laura M. Jones

Honors Scholar Theses

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) are an ancient mutualism in which soil-dwelling fungi enhance plant absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen in exchange for photosynthates. VAM are sensitive to changes in soil moisture and nutrient content, fluctuating between mutualism and parasitism depending on conditions of drought stress and nutrient deficiency. Understanding how VAM respond to precipitation changes is crucial for both conservation and agricultural purposes. To test how soil moisture changes the effects of VAM colonization and growth in little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), a common prairie grass, I planted 300 seeds in a greenhouse in sterilized soil and soil inoculated with …