Botany Commons^™

Evaluating The Untapped Potential Of U.S. Conservation Investments To Improve Soil And Environmental Health, Andrea Basche, Katherine Tully, Nora L. Alvarez-Berrios, Julian Reyes, Laura Lengnick, Tabitha Brown, Jennifer M. Moore, Rachel E. Schattman, Lana Koepke Johnson, Gabrielle Roesch-Mcnally

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

There is increasing enthusiasm around the concept of soil health, and as a result, new public and private initiatives are being developed to increase soil health-related practices on working lands in the United States. In addition, billions of U.S. public dollars are dedicated annually toward soil conservation programs, and yet, it is not well quantified how investment in conservation programs improve soil health and, more broadly, environmental health. The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is one of the major U.S. public conservation programs administered on privately managed lands for which public data are available. In this research, we developed a …

False Cypress -- Hinoki, Grace Flynn

BIO 140 Arboretum Project

In this semester my class and I in Biology Lab 140 chose one tree to document. The tree that I chose was the False Cypress-Hinoki. This tree was located in front of Misto Gatehouse. Every week I would take pictures of my tree and document changes I had noticed. Throughout the class I was able to see the changes that occurred to my tree.

A Survey Of Leaf Venation In New Caledonian Syzygium (Myrtaceae), Jiawei Xu Montojo

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

New Caledonia is a globally recognized biodiversity ‘hotspot’ characterized by a rich flora and a large number of endemic species. Syzygium Gaertn., the largest genus of woody plants in the world, is common in New Caledonia with approximately 70 species. A comparative survey of leaf morphology and architectural traits among 27 species of New Caledonian Syzygium was conducted, focusing on leaf venation patterns. Separate and detailed descriptions of leaf morphology and leaf venation characters are provided for the species. In addition to morphological differences, this study found differences at the species level among characters such as the number of intramarginal …

Trilepisium (Moraceae): Four New Species From Madagascar, Shawn Kelley

Theses

Trilepisium is a genus of tree with two member species: T. madagascariense and T. gymnandrum. This genus shows diversity in habit and morphology greatly exceeding that expected of a genus with two member species. Concerted collection efforts since the last revision have suggested there are several unrecognized species within Trilepisium and a revision is needed. Chapter one of this thesis details the history of this taxanomically challenging genus and presents the results of our study of 600 Malagasy herbarium specimens. Trilepisium is more adequately circumscribed as containing 17 species, 11 of which are new to science. Chapter two contains …

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of Fungal Communities And Their Effects On Plants, Kel Cook

Biology ETDs

Fungi perform several critical functions in the environment. Spatiotemporal distributions of fungal communities will mediate when and where these functions happen and how they vary across the landscape. I first explored tropical tree canopy fungal community variation at small spatial scales and documented near total turnover of fungi across sub-meter distances and among adjacent substrates. The second chapter analyzed fungal turnover over the course of three years, where community stability was driven primarily by abundant fungi. In the third chapter, I tested effects of the environment, including host plant and habitat, on canopy fungal communities and found only small effects, …

Use Of An Active Canopy Sensor Mounted On An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle To Monitor The Growth And Nitrogen Status Of Winter Wheat, Jie Jiang, Zeyu Zhang, Qiang Cao, Yan Liang, Brian Krienke, Yongchao Tian, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Xiaojun Liu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Using remote sensing to rapidly acquire large-area crop growth information (e.g., shoot biomass, nitrogen status) is an urgent demand for modern crop production; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acts as an effective monitoring platform. In order to improve the practicability and efficiency of UAV based monitoring technique, four field experiments involving different nitrogen (N) rates (0–360 kg N ha⁻¹ ) and seven winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were conducted at different eco-sites (Sihong, Rugao, and Xinghua) during 2015–2019. A multispectral active canopy sensor (RapidSCAN CS-45; Holland Scientific Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) mounted on a multirotor UAV platform was used …

Perspectives On Low Temperature Tolerance And Vernalization Sensitivity In Barley: Prospects For Facultative Growth Habit, Maria Munoz-Amatriain, Javier Hernandez, Dustin Herb, P Stephen Baenziger, Anne Marie Bochard, Flavio Capettini, Ana Casas, Alfonso Cuesta-Marcos, Claus Einfeldt, Scott Fisk, Amelie Genty, Laura Helgerson, Markus Herz, Gongshe Hu, Ernesto Igartua, Ildiko Karsai, Toshiki Nakamura, Kazuhiro Sato, Kevin Smith, Eric Stockinger, William Thomas, Patrick Hayes

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

One option to achieving greater resiliency for barley production in the face of climate change is to explore the potential of winter and facultative growth habits: for both types, low temperature tolerance (LTT) and vernalization sensitivity are key traits. Sensitivity to short-day photoperiod is a desirable attribute for facultative types. In order to broaden our understanding of the genetics of these phenotypes, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identified candidate genes using a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) panel composed of 882 barley accessions that was genotyped with the Illumina 9K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Fifteen loci including 5 known …

Distribution Of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens In Potable Spring Water Of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis On Virulence Gene And Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Escherichia Coli, Ashish Kumar Singh, Saurav Das, Santosh Kumar, Varsha Rani Gajamer, Ishfaq Nabi Najar, Yanchen D. Lepcha, Hare Krishna Tiwari, Samer Singh

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Every year millions of people die due to fatal waterborne diseases around the world especially in developing countries like India. Sikkim, a northeastern state of India, greatly depends on natural water sources. About 80% of the population of Sikkim depends on natural spring water for domestic as well as agricultural use. Recent waterborne disease outbreaks in the state raises a concerning question on water quality. In this study, we analyzed water quality especially for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae members from four districts of the state. Isolation with selective culture media techniques and taxonomic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with 16S rRNA …

The Benefits Of The Arkansas Rice Check-Off Program, B. Peterson-Wilhelm, L. L. Nalley, A. Durand-Morat, A. Shew, R. Parajuli, G. Thoma

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

As margins are reducing for agricultural producers there is a concerted effort to analyze all costs. One such cost for rice producers in Arkansas is their contribution to the Rice Check-off Program. This study analyzes the cost-benefit ratio of funds contributed by Arkansas rice producers and the holistic (both economic and environmental) benefits they receive. This study analyzes just five of the many programs the Rice Check-off Program invests in through the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UASDA) and suggests that every dollar invested generated an average return of $28.49 between 2002–2018 ($70.45 when ecosystem benefits are included). …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2019, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2019 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines, from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only a data set from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of …

Critical Period Of Palmer Amaranth Removal And Effects Of Late Season Herbicide Applications On Palmer Amaranth Seed Production, José Henrique Scarparo De Sanctis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Palmer amaranth is the most troublesome weed in agronomic crops in United States. Therefore, an integrated weed management approach is necessary to successfully manage this weed. The use of residual pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide applied at planting can delays the is one of the critical time of Palmer amaranth removal (CTPAR) giving farmers more time to prepare the weed control tactics and to preventing an unacceptable yield loss in soybean due to Palmer amaranth competition. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, to determine the CTPAR in soybean …

Analysis Of The Variables Affecting Plant Species Richness In Deserts, Eli R. Kallison, Ellen Thompson, Maddison Keen, Rusty Newman

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

There are many hypotheses that attempt to explain patterns of species diversity in different environments. Deserts are a great place to study changes in species richness because they are relatively nutrient bare and exhibit low precipitation. This barebones environment means that slight shifts in climate and geography may lead to clear changes in species richness. We investigate how temperature, precipitation, water and light availability, latitude, elevation and other variables affect plant species richness in 20 deserts.

Influence Of Pinus Contorta And Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi On The Presence Of Cladonia Portentosa Subspecies Pacifica Within Protected Dune Ecosystems In Arcata, California, Courtney Michelle Harris, Kacia Layman, Jamie Wautlet, Grace Rhoades, Chris Belko

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

No abstract provided.

Detailed Genetic Analysis For Identifying Qtls Associated With Drought Tolerance At Seed Germination And Seedling Stages In Barley, Yasser S. Moursi, Samar G. Thabet, Ahmed Amro, Mona F.A. Dawood, P Stephen Baenziger, Ahmed Sallam

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Drought induces several challenges for plant development, growth, and production. These challenges become more severe, in particular, in arid and semiarid countries like Egypt. In terms of production, barley ranks fourth after wheat, maize, and rice. Seed germination and seedling stages are critical stages for plant establishment and growth. In the current study, 60 diverse barley genotypes were tested for drought tolerance using two different treatments: control (0-PEG) and drought (20%-PEG). Twenty-two traits were estimated for seed germination and seedling parameters. All traits were reduced under drought stress, and a significant variation was found among genotypes under control and stress …

Report: Native Seed Stakeholder Meeting 2020, Laura E. Fischer Walter

Tallgrass Prairie Publications and Reports

There were 27 invited participants from Iowa and other Midwestern states (Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin). In addition, the TPC director, TPC staff members, AmeriCorps associates, and UNI students participated in organizing the meeting.

Meeting participants represented various stakeholder groups with connections to the native seed system of Iowa and the Midwest region:

 Seed consumers – need access to diverse, regionally appropriate, and affordable native seed to meet demand for restoration in various contexts.

 Seed producers and service providers – need to sustain business viability while responding to changing policy and demand for native seed and services.

 Researchers, …

Hu Aquaponics Monitoring And Control System : European Annual Edunet Conference 2020, Rachel L. Fogle, Glenn P. Williams, Josh R. Krug

Harrisburg University Presidential Research Grants

The functional purpose of the HU Aquaponics Monitoring and Control System Project is to develop an environmental and plant monitoring and control system for the HU Aquaponics Lab, located in the Student Union. The project involves the design and implementation of technology that will regularly take measurements from the environment (e.g., air temperature, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc). PLCnext Technology will systematically collect, store, and web-publish the measurement data for HU researchers and the public to use for scientific research.

Wild Things To Make Your Heart Sing, Molly Mcclain

History: Faculty Scholarship

The article describes the collaboration between philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps (1836-1932) and artist Albert R. Valentien (1862-1926) that produced an exceptional collection of watercolors depicting the wildflowers of California, now in the collection of the San Diego Natural History Museum.

Coal Char Affects Soil Ph To Reduce Ammonia Volatilization From Sandy Loam Soil, Dinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Bijesh Maharjan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Ammonia (NH₃) volatilization loss adversely affects N availability in soil-plant systems, reduces crop yield, and negatively impacts environment. Char (coal combustion residue), which contains up to 293 g kg⁻¹ total C by weight, has been shown to reduce NH₃ volatilization due to its considerably high surface area and cation exchange capacity. The NH₃ loss can be greatly affected by a shift in soil pH or urea hydrolysis. A 21-d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char on soil pH, N transformations, and subsequent NH₃ volatilization in sandy loam soil. Two …

Economics Of Herbicide Programs For Weed Control In Conventional, Glufosinate, And Dicamba/Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Across Nebraska, Adam M. Striegel, Kent M. Eskridge, Nevin C. Lawrence, Stevan Knezevic, Greg R. Kruger, Christopher A. Proctor, Gary Hein, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Despite widespread adoption of dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Nebraska and across the United States in recent years, economic information comparing herbicide programs with glufosinate-resistant (GLU-R) and conventional soybean is not available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate weed control efficacy, crop safety, gross profit margin, and benefit/cost ratios of herbicide programs with multiple sites of action in DGR, GLUR, and conventional soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at three irrigated and two rain-fed locations across Nebraska, for a total of 10 site-years. Herbicides applied pre-emergence (PRE) that included herbicides with …

Quantitative Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds In Barks And Leaves Of Okoubaka Aubrevillei Collected From Iwo, Southwestern Nigeria, Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola, Adeboyin Funmi Aderounmu, Isaac Oluwaseyi Abiola, Kolawole Emmanuel Abodurin, Tunde Adeniran, Festus Agboola, Oluwayemisi Samuel Olokeogun

Journal of Bioresource Management

Okoubaka aubrevillei is an indigenous and sacred tropical tree in Africa. It is rare with allelopathic properties and has relatively little information available in terms of what is responsible for its usage for medicinal and traditional usage. The phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis of the compounds in the barks and leaves of Okoubaka aubrevillei was determined to ascertain and establish its earlier claimed usage as traditional and modern medicine. The most important classes of secondary metabolites (phytochemical compounds) specifically alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinnes, mucilages, oses, holosides, coumarin and glycosides were detected in both, the leaves and barks of the …