Botany Commons^™

Medicinal Plants Of Pakistan And Their Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activity To Treat Gout:A Systematic Review, Kanwal Ashiq, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Islam, Naureen Shehzadi, Ejaz Ali, Sana Ashiq

Turkish Journal of Botany

Gout is the most prevalent form of arthritis that arises due to hyperuricemia. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI) are usually prescribed to treat gout. Although treatment options are available, these therapies are associated with side effects, and natural remedies may be proven helpful in this regard. This systematic review aims to present consolidated information on the xanthine oxidase inhibition potential of the plants located in Pakistan. An extensive literature review reveals that no such study that systematically summarizes existing data is currently available. The present study is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021247416) and performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Several databases were …

Phenolic Content, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, And Toxicological Investigations Oferodium Guttatum (Geraniaceae) Collected From The Northeast Of Morocco, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Latifa Doudach, Mohamed Reda Kachmar, Abdelaziz Ed Dra, Zineb Khali, Nidal Naceiri Mrabti, Kaoutar Benrahou Benrahou, Khouloud Harraqui, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Moulay El Abbes Faouzi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Erodium genus contains several medicinal traditionally used and pharmacologically explored. However, Erodium guttatum has not been well valorized. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of E. guttatum extracts in addition to their toxicity. To achieve the objectives of this study, methanol and aqueous extracts of E. guttatum were prepared. Then, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antioxidant activity was …

A Comparative Study Of Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant And Enzyme Inhibitionactivities Of Oils Extracted From Seeds Of Seven New Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Lines, Ahmed A. A. Abdalla, Sakina Yagi, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelwahab H. Abdallah, Abdirahman Elmi, Rosella Spina, Francois Dupire, Dominique Mattar

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and chemical profile of seeds oil obtained from new seven sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines as well as their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity. The seeds powder was extracted by maceration in n-hexane. The oil content of the seven lines was ranged from 20.04% to 36.65% and was either yellow or pale yellow in color. No significant variations were observed on the refractive index (1.46 unit) of the oil. Oils of the seven lines were significantly (p ? 0.05) different in their saponification values (32.13-282.66 mg KOH/g oil), peroxide values (1.76-13.26 …

Mesua Ferrea L. (Calophyllaceae) Exerts Therapeutic Effects In Allergic Asthma Bymodulating Cytokines Production In Asthmatic Rats, Poonam Arora, Shahid Hamid Ansari, Lalit Mohan Nainwal

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the present study, ethanolic extract of Mesua ferrea L. stamens was investigated for its potential to reverse some features of bronchial asthma in ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma. Mesua ferrea commonly called nagakeshar (Family, Calophyllaceae) is a well-known antiallergic drug in the Asian folk system of medicines. In the present work, pharmacological studies are done to provide scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of plants in allergic asthma. Asthma was induced in experimental rats with allergen suspension of ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide followed by treatment with dexamethasone (2.5 mg/Kg, p.o) or M. ferrea stamen extract (3.75 and 15 mg/Kg, b.w., …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2020, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, R. B. Morgan

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

The 2020 corn performance tests contained 85 hybrids and were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, the Bell Farming Company (BFC) near Des Arc, the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) near Colt, the Rohwer Research Station (RRS) near Rohwer, and the Rice …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2020, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, R. B. Morgan

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

The Systematics Of Physaria Sensu Stricto From Wyoming And Surrounding Areas, Jason Ratcliff

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Two genera of Brassicaceae – Lesquerella and Physaria – were recently united on the basis of monophyly. Classically, these genera have been distinguished based on morphology with 'traditional” Physaria species having doubly inflated (didymous) fruits. Molecular data consisting of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences indicate Physaria has evolved from the larger Lesquerella genus, thus making Lesquerella a paraphyletic grouping as previously described. A revised treatment of the combined Physaria recognized 106 species within the genus, of which 26 taxa occur in Wyoming. Of the Wyoming taxa, those traditionally described as belonging to Physaria (i.e.Physaria sensu stricto) have …

Elucidation Of Multi-Origin Inula Helenium L. For Antimicrobial Activity And Heavy Metal Profiling As An Exemplar For The Use And Regulation Of Plants As Antibiotics., Ciara Ruth Kenny

Theses

An impending post-antibiotic era looms, thus new sources of therapeutic chemical entities are crucial to sustain effective antimicrobial chemotherapy worldwide. Plant natural products are a source of accessible, structurally diverse compounds that provide therapeutic potential. The pharmacological applications of plants in medicine can be guided by the attestation of traditional use or the application of this knowledge to uncover new leads in the drug discovery process. The range of modified in vitro methods commonly used to investigate preclinical antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived natural products, and the associated limitations and challenges in the provision of new antimicrobial drugs from plants is …

Inhibitory Effects Of Propiconazole On Rice Root Development And Abilities Of Brassinosteroid And Auxin In Alleviating Its Effects, Watcharapong Wimonchaijit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Propiconazole is commonly used as a fungicide to minimize crop loss caused by various fungal diseases in many crop plants, including rice. Propiconazole has the potentials to deteriorate the environmental problems due to its chemical properties that it is highly persistent in soil after application, suggesting that the constant use of propiconazole could be problematic. Hence, the evaluation of its effects on plant growth and development is necessary for the assessment of future use of propiconazole. Here, we demonstrated that propiconazole had inhibitory effects on plant growth. Treatments of propiconazole resulted in shoot dwarfism, abnormal leaf morphology, reduced plant biomass, …

Epiphytic Microbiota Of Kai Cladophora Sp. From Nan River, Nan Province, Thailand, Karnjana Ruen-Pham

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cladophora is a cosmopolitan green algal genus in northern Thailand, commonly known as Kai or Sa Rai Kai, which the local people use for culinary and medicinal purposes. In nature, Cladophora acts as an ecological engineer in the ecosystem by creating, modifying, and maintaining the habitat by providing oxygen and microhabitats for several organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, namely epiphytic microbiota. These epiphytic microbiota living on the algal host's surface might exhibit crucial roles in the ecosystem. However, most understandings of the Cladophora microbiota were from the USA. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the Cladophora microbiota collected from Nan …

Effect Of Osgtl1 Promoter Editing On Stomatal Distribution Pattern And Photosynthesis In Rice Oryza Sativa L., Widya Fajariani

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

GT2-LIKE1 (GTL1) gene is a negative regulator of stomatal development. It regulates stomatal number in plants. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to modify the OsGTL1 promoter. This research aims to screen Cas9-free rice with OsGTL1 promoter modification to investigate the modification effects on the stomatal distribution pattern and the photosynthesis process. Cas9 specific primers were designed for Cas9 screening in all tillers of 8 T3 rice lines. Among them, only a single T3 line was found to be Cas9-free in all tillers. The nucleotide sequences of OsGTL1 promoter in some Cas9-free plants revealed the modification in OsGTL1 promoter, which …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Salt Tolerant Genes In Local Thai Rice And Salt Tolerant Gene Identification By F2 Bulk-Segregant Analysis, Susinya Habila

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Genetic diversity is important for developing salt-tolerant rice varieties. This research used the existing whole-exome sequences of eight Thai rice varieties, including the standard checks for tolerance and susceptibility, and the previously reported salt-tolerant genes to understand the mechanisms of salt tolerance in Thai rice, as well as the bulk-segregant analysis (BSA) to identify salt-tolerant QTLs in ‘Jao Khao’, the salt tolerant Thai rice. Salt responsive characteristics were used to classify tolerant and susceptible genotypes at the seedling stage. Phylogenetic analysis of SNPs from exome sequences showed that the Thai rice varieties were monophyletic and distantly related to 'Pokkali' and …

Stomatal Conductance And Reed Canary Grass Suppression Traits Of Native Michigan Trees, David E. Martinez, Martin L. Vanderschoot, Dave Warners

Student Papers and Reports

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), a prominent invasive understory species, threatens native Michigan biodiversity statewide. A notable affected area includes a stretch of agricultural land along Schooley Drain in Caledonia, MI, located in the headwaters of the Plaster Creek watershed. Our study pursues the following questions: “Do native trees provide enough shade to reduce the growth of Reed canary grass?” and “Which native trees best transpire water from a floodplain?”: To answer these questions, we initiated a long term evaluation of seven different species of native Michigan trees to investigate which species best inhibits the growth of reed …

Capparis Decidua Edgew (Forssk.) Stem Extract Alleviates The Water Stress Perturbations In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) At Early Growth Stage, Muhammad Nawaz, Qasim Ali, Muhammad Azeem, Fehmina Asghar, Hasnain Ishaq, Naeem Iqbal, Sajid -Ur-Rahman

Journal of Bioresource Management

Water shortage is one of the major limiting factors of crop productivity worldwide. This study was planned to explore the impact of Capparis decidua stem extract on wheat varieties (FSD-2008, 12066 and 13348) under water stress condition. Water deficit condition negatively impacted the seedling germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments and ions uptake capacity. Water limited condition significantly (p≤0.05) increased time to attain 50% germination, lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂ and enhanced the antioxidant mechanism to overcome the oxidative stress. Different concentrations of C. decidua extract i.e. Not Soaking (NS), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were used for seed …

Characterizing Patterns In Texas Gulf Coast Beach Dune Plant Species Composition, Cody Foster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Regional vegetation patterns of Texas beach plant communities were analyzed using cluster analysis, ANOSIM, SIMPER, NMDS, and ISA for fives zones representing the foredune complex of twenty Gulf Coast beaches. ANOVA revealed that zones differ in terms of percent bare sand, percent vegetative cover, and species richness. Cluster Analysis, ANOSIM, and SIMPER results indicate that Texas beaches can be divided into northern and southern regions based on differences in species composition of plant communities. Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) indicates that northern beaches are characterized by the presence of Rayjacksonia phyllocephala, Ambrosia Strophostyles, Ambrosia psilostachya, and Panicum amarum …

Genome-Wide Association Mapping And Genomic Prediction Of Anther Extrusion In Cimmyt Hybrid Wheat Breeding Program Via Modeling Pedigree, Genomic Relationship, And Interaction With The Environment, Anil Adhikari, Bhoja Raj Basnet, Jose Crossa, Susanne Dreisigacker, Fatima Camarillo, Pradeep Kumar Bhati, Diego Jarquin, Yann Manes, Amir M.H. Ibrahim

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Anther extrusion (AE) is the most important male floral trait for hybrid wheat seed production. AE is a complex quantitative trait that is difficult to phenotype reliably in field experiments not only due to high genotype-by-environment effects but also due to the short expression window in the field condition. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and explored the possibility of applying genomic prediction (GP) for AE in the CIMMYT hybrid wheat breeding program. An elite set of male lines (n = 603) were phenotype for anther count (AC) and anther visual score (VS) across three field …

Development Of Mping-Based Activation Tags For Crop Insertional Mutagenesis, Alexander Johnson, Edward Mcassey, Stephanie Diaz, Jacob Reagin, Priscilla S. Redd, Daymond R. Parrilla, Hanh T. Nguyen, Adrian Stec, Lauren A.L. Mcdaniel, Thomas E. Clemente, Robert M. Stupar, Wayne A. Parrott, C Nathan Hancock

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop improvement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to induce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. Expression analysis …

New Record Of Bacopa Egensis (Plantaginaceae) For The Flora Of Mexico, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, Nicholas P. Tippery, Nelly Del Carmen Jiménez Pérez, Donald H. Les

Faculty Publications

Bacopa egensis is newly reported for the flora of Mexico and an updated key is provided for the Mexican Bacopa species

The Virome Of Peony And The Population Structure Of Its Most Prominent Viruses, Cullen Shaffer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Peony (Peonia lactiflora, Pall.) is a popular ornamental that has been cultivated for millennia. Due to its popularity, plant material is frequently moved across international borders allowing for the spread of viruses. The virome of several peony plants was investigated and four viruses; namely Amazon lily mild mottle virus (ALiMMV), Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV), Gentian Kobu-sho associated virus (GKaV) and Lychnis mottle virus (LycMoV) were detected for the first time in the Western Hemisphere. Incidence ranged from a few plants for ALiMMV to near universal infection for CNSV. GKaV was found in individuals that were infected with Lemoine’s disease …

Holt & Plyler (1984) Checklist Of The Vascular Flora Of The Robert B. Gordon Natural Area, Jack Holt, Jim Plyler

Gordon Natural Area Baseline Plant Survey Documents

This research represents the first site-wide floristic survey of the Gordon Natural Area (GNA), and consists of 348 species in 238 genera and 95 families. The survey was conducted by two West Chester University undergraduate students, Jack Holt and Jim Plyler, under the supervision of Dr. William Overlease. The bulk of the work took place during 1984; however, some woody species previously noted in the GNA by Jim Plyler were also incorporated into the list. The checklist was compiled for all vascular families encountered at the GNA, with the exception of the Grass Family (Poaceae), Rush Family (Juncaceae), and Sedge …