Botany Commons^™

Metabolite Profiling, Distribution Of Secretory Structures, And Histochemistry Incurculigo Orchioides Gaertn. And Curculigo Latifolia Dryand. Ex W.T.Aiton, Abdul Halim Umar, Diah Ratnadewi, Mohamad Rafi, Yohana C. Sulistyaningsih, Hamim Hamim

Turkish Journal of Botany

Curculigo orchioides and Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae) have been widely used as traditional medicines in Indonesia and other Asian countries for antihyperglycemic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, and antimicrobial treatments. This work aimed to determine the distribution of secretory structures and metabolites. Metabolite profiling approach of the plant organs was determined by UHPLC-QOrbitrap-HRMS. Histochemical-based techniques on rhizome, root, petiole, and leaf, with transversal sections on fresh samples, were prepared using a razor blade to determine the secretory structures of the plants, followed by plant anatomy procedures. Histochemical analysis was carried out using several reagents to detect the metabolites. Metabolite profiling revealed several classes of …

Using A Supermatrix Approach To Explore Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence Times,And Historical Biogeography Of Saxifragales, Cara Tarullo, Jeffrey Rose, Kenneth Sytsma, Bryan T. Drew

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Saxifragales is a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution. Although families and genera within the order exhibit classic biogeographical disjunctions, no studies to date have rigorously examined and described its historical biogeography. Here, we analyze the historical biogeography of Saxifragales by first generating a new chronogram for the order using a supermatrix approach, based on 61 loci from 251 representative members of Saxifragales. Our results suggest that Saxifragales originated in the early Albian approximately 107 Ma and diversified rapidly in the next 15 Ma, with all stem lineages of extant families present by …

Aethionema Aytachii (Brassicaceae): A New Species From Central Anatolia, Turkey, Kuddi̇si̇ Ertuğrul, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu, Hakki Demi̇relma, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt, Emrah Şi̇ri̇n, Burcu Yilmaz Çitak, I. A. Al-Shehbaz

Turkish Journal of Botany

Aethionema aytachii Ertuğrul & Hamzaoğlu, a new species from central Anatolia that grows on marly hills in the Ayaş district of Ankara Province (Turkey), is described and its relationships and distinguishing characters from the closest relative A. dumanii are discussed. The shape of pollen grains of A. aytachii is tricolpate, and its seed-coat sculpture is verrucate. Sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the new species was used to determine about its phylogenetic relation within Aethionema.

Interactive Effects Of Salinity And Plant Density On The Growth Ofcyperus Arenarius, A Sand Dune Stabilizer, Farhat Agha, Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed, Bilquees Gul, Muhammad Ajmal Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Competition and environmental stress are crucial factors for structuring plant population in natural habitats. Cyperus arenarius, a sedge of coastal sand dunes habitat, is a suitable species for coastal restoration and dune stabilization, but how salinity and plant density interact in affecting its growth is still unknown. Here, growth, survival, and physiological responses of C. arenarius to salinity (sea-salt) and plant density were investigated. A set of growth experiments in which combinations of 4 salinity levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 S m-1 sea-salt) and 3 planting densities (2, 5, 8 plants pot-1) were tested under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plant …

Phenolic Content, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, And Toxicological Investigations Oferodium Guttatum (Geraniaceae) Collected From The Northeast Of Morocco, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Latifa Doudach, Mohamed Reda Kachmar, Abdelaziz Ed Dra, Zineb Khali, Nidal Naceiri Mrabti, Kaoutar Benrahou Benrahou, Khouloud Harraqui, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Moulay El Abbes Faouzi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Erodium genus contains several medicinal traditionally used and pharmacologically explored. However, Erodium guttatum has not been well valorized. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of E. guttatum extracts in addition to their toxicity. To achieve the objectives of this study, methanol and aqueous extracts of E. guttatum were prepared. Then, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antioxidant activity was …

A Comparative Study Of Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant And Enzyme Inhibitionactivities Of Oils Extracted From Seeds Of Seven New Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Lines, Ahmed A. A. Abdalla, Sakina Yagi, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelwahab H. Abdallah, Abdirahman Elmi, Rosella Spina, Francois Dupire, Dominique Mattar

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and chemical profile of seeds oil obtained from new seven sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines as well as their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity. The seeds powder was extracted by maceration in n-hexane. The oil content of the seven lines was ranged from 20.04% to 36.65% and was either yellow or pale yellow in color. No significant variations were observed on the refractive index (1.46 unit) of the oil. Oils of the seven lines were significantly (p ? 0.05) different in their saponification values (32.13-282.66 mg KOH/g oil), peroxide values (1.76-13.26 …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2020, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, R. B. Morgan

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

The 2020 corn performance tests contained 85 hybrids and were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, the Bell Farming Company (BFC) near Des Arc, the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) near Colt, the Rohwer Research Station (RRS) near Rohwer, and the Rice …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2020, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, R. B. Morgan

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

An Assessment Of The Ph Of The Soil In The Tamarack Bog, Clarity Gunn

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this research project was to assess the pH of the Tamarack bog. The research was conducted once a month, weather permitting, at the Tamarack bog at the Bath Nature Preserve in Akron Ohio. Data collection began on July 31st, 2019 ended October 2020 and was supplemented with pilot data collected in 2018. The pH was taken with a pH probe at specific sampling sites and transects that have been placed by Dr. Mitchell previously for other experiments. It was found that the Tamarack bog presented as a mosaic bog with features of a fen as well. The …

Concomitant Accumulations Of Ions, Osmoprotectants And Antioxidant System-Relatedsubstances Provide Salt Tolerance Capability To Succulent Extreme-Halophyte Scorzonera Hieraciifolia, Cansu Altuntaş, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Halophytes adapting to live in salinized areas can activate some tolerance mechanism through signal compounds to cope with salinity. However, the role of co-activity of signal compounds in salt tolerance of halophytes has not yet fully understood. We researched the changes in signal compounds involved in the salt tolerance mechanism, including inorganic ions, osmoprotectants and substances related to the antioxidant system in

A Rich Fading Biocultural Diversity?A Review Of Traditional Herbal Teas Used By Minorities In The Balkans, Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Andrea Pieroni, Syed Abidullah, Anely Nedelcheva

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ethnobotanical studies focusing on medicinal plant ingredients have always been conducted with the aim of protecting the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of these natural resources. In the globalized world, the rapid loss of biodiversity and cultural and linguistic homogenization have threatened the survival of the planet, together with leading us towards an extinction crisis. In this extreme situation, LEK is also facing serious challenges, especially that of minorities where the pressure is manifold. A number of studies have been carried out among minority groups in recent times, and scientists are attempting to devise solid policy recommendations to celebrate their LEK …

The Involvement Of The Induction Of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis And Transport In Toxic Boron Responsive Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Ceyhun Kayihan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Recently, boron (B) has been found to form a complex with anthocyanin, which could be evidence for the B tolerance mechanisms that reduce free B in the leaf tissues of plants. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport has not been satisfactorily elucidated in plants exposed to toxic B. Therefore, the changes in expression levels of some of the phenylpropanoid pathway genes, early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes, and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport were determined in Arabidopsis thaliana under B toxicity. Accordingly, 1 mM boric acid treatment did not cause any significant change in …

Chaetocin Enhances Callus Induction By Decreasing The Expression Of Major Leaf Polarity Genes In Nicotiana Tabacum, Ayyub Ebrahimi, Nagi̇han Özsoy, Saadet Deni̇z Gürle, Baki̇ Yaman, Şule Ari

Turkish Journal of Botany

Using chemicals known as inhibitors of chromatin remodeling enzymes is a useful approach in understanding the regulation machinery that contributes to the maintenance of or conversion to a pluri- and totipotent states of the cells in multicellular organisms. They can serve as tools to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for reprogramming. A deeper understanding of reprogramming pathways that drive the cell into a dedifferentiated state might help us enhance plant micropropagation and green biotechnology applications. Chaetocin is one of the histone methyltransferase inhibitors known as key drivers in several cellular processes. It was shown that chaetocin enhanced the …

Continuous In Situ Soil Nitrate Sensors: The Importance Of High-Resolution Measurements Across Time And A Comparison With Salt Extraction-Based Methods, Yunjiao Zhu, Yuncong Chen, Md. Azahar Ali, Liang Dong, Xinran Wang, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, James Schnable, Michael J. Castellano

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil NO₃^– affects microbial processes, plant productivity, and environmental N losses. However, the ability to measure soil NO₃^– is limited by labor-intensive sampling and laboratory analyses. Hence, temporal variation in soil solution NO₃^– concentration is poorly understood. We evaluated a new potentiometric sensor that continuously measures soil solution NO₃^– concentration with unprecedented specificity due to a novel membrane that serves as a barrier to interfering anions. First, we compared sensor and salt extraction-based measurements of soil NO₃^– in well-controlled laboratory conditions. Second, using 60 d of in situ soil NO …

Plant Species Identification In The Wild Based On Images Of Organs, Meghana Kovur

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Image-based plant species identification in the wild is a difficult problem for several reasons. First, the input data is subject to a very high degree of variability because it is captured under fully unconstrained conditions. The same plant species may look very different in different images, while different species can often appear very similar, challenging even the recognition skills of human experts in the field. The large intra-class and small inter-class image variability makes this a fine-grained visual classification problem. One way to cope with this variability and to reduce image background noise is to predict species based on the …

Abrasive Weeding As A Vehicle For Precision Fertilizer Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Tran Kim Ngan Luong, Frank Forcella, Sharon Clay, Michael S. Douglass, Samuel E. Wortman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Abrasive weeding is a nonchemical weed control tactic that uses small, gritty materials propelled with compressed air to destroy weed seedlings. Organic fertilizers have been used successfully as abrasive grits to control weeds, but the goal for this study was to explore the effects of fertilizer grit, application rates, and background soil fertility on weeds, plant available nitrogen (N) uptake, and crop yield. Field trials were conducted in organic ‘Carmen’ sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and organic ‘Gypsy’ broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and treatments included organic fertilizer grit (8N–0.9P–3.3K vs. 3N–3.1P–3.3K), grit application rates (low …

Development Of Mping-Based Activation Tags For Crop Insertional Mutagenesis, Alexander Johnson, Edward Mcassey, Stephanie Diaz, Jacod Reagin, Priscilla S. Redd, Daymond R. Parrilla, Hanh Nguyen, Adrian Stec, Lauren A.L. Mcdaniel, Thomas E. Clemente, Robert M. Stupar, Wayne A. Parrott, C. Nathan Hancock

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop im- provement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to in- duce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. …

Identification And Utilization Of Genetic Determinants Of Trait Measurement Errors In Image-Based, High-Throughput Phenotyping, Yan Zhou, Aaron Kusmec, Seyed Vahid Mirnezami, Lakshmi Attigala, Srikant Srinivasan, Talukder Zaki Jubery, James Schnable, Maria G. Salas Fernandez, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Patrick S. Schnable

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The accuracy of trait measurements greatly affects the quality of genetic analyses. During automated phenotyping, trait measurement errors, i.e., differences between automatically extracted trait values and ground truth, are often treated as random effects that can be controlled by increasing population sizes and/or replication number. By contrast, there is some evidence that trait measurement errors may be partially under genetic control. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed substantial non-random, genetic contributions to trait measurement errors for five maize (Zea mays) tassel traits collected using an image-based phenotyping platform. The phenotyping accuracy varied according to whether a tassel exhibited …

New Additions To Turkish Mycota From Ankara, Balıkesir, And Kütahya Provinces, Deni̇z Altuntaş, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin, Şanli Kabaktepe, Hakan Alli, Ilgaz Akata

Turkish Journal of Botany

The current research was conducted on the fungal materials collected from Ankara, Balıkesir, and Kütahya provinces between 2015 and 2019. As a result of the field and laboratory studies, Conocybe dentatomarginata, Entoloma lampropus, Lactarius lilacinus, Otidea nannfeldtii and Sarcopeziza sicula are reported for the first time from Turkey based on macro- and micromorphological studies and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA-based molecular phylogeny. Descriptions of new records are provided together with photos showing their macro and micro-morphology.

Stomatal Conductance And Reed Canary Grass Suppression Traits Of Native Michigan Trees, David E. Martinez, Martin L. Vanderschoot, Dave Warners

Student Papers and Reports

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), a prominent invasive understory species, threatens native Michigan biodiversity statewide. A notable affected area includes a stretch of agricultural land along Schooley Drain in Caledonia, MI, located in the headwaters of the Plaster Creek watershed. Our study pursues the following questions: “Do native trees provide enough shade to reduce the growth of Reed canary grass?” and “Which native trees best transpire water from a floodplain?”: To answer these questions, we initiated a long term evaluation of seven different species of native Michigan trees to investigate which species best inhibits the growth of reed …