Botany Commons^™

Purposeful Use Of Poisonous Plants, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Poisonous Plants Of Home And Garden, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Food Plants With Toxic Properties, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

ความผันแปรตามฤดูกาลของการย่อยสลายรากฝอยของแสมขาว Avicennia Alba ในป่าชายเลนปากแม่น้ำ จังหวัดตราด, นดา ยีมัสซา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาการย่อยสลายของรากสำคัญต่อการประมาณปริมาณคาร์บอนที่ส่งต่อและกักเก็บในระบบนิเวศป่าชายเลน ในขณะที่กระบวนการย่อยสลายในป่าชายเลนภายใต้สภาพภูมิอากาศแบบมรสุมเขตร้อนได้รับผลกระทบจากปัจจัยสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ผันแปรตามฤดูกาล การศึกษาครั้งนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการย่อยสลายรากฝอย (เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง < 2 มม.) ของแสมขาว (Avicennia alba Blume) ด้วยวิธีถุงย่อยสลาย ในฤดูแล้งและฤดูฝน (12 สัปดาห์) และเปรียบเทียบกับอัตราการย่อยสลายในรอบปี (52 สัปดาห์) รวมถึงศึกษาอิทธิพลของปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยที่ผันแปรตามฤดูกาล ในเขตพันธุ์ไม้แสม บริเวณป่าชายเลนปากแม่น้ำตราด จังหวัดตราด ผลการศึกษาพบว่า อัตราการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยของแสมขาวในฤดูแล้งมีค่าน้อยกว่าฤดูฝน (0.003 และ 0.005 ต่อวัน ตามลำดับ) เป็นผลจากปัจจัยสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ผันแปรตามฤดูกาลอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ โดยปริมาณน้ำฝนที่ต่ำในฤดูแล้งส่งผลให้ความเค็มในดินสูง รวมถึงในฤดูแล้งพื้นที่ศึกษาถูกน้ำท่วมเป็นระยะเวลานานกว่าฤดูฝน ที่อาจไปยับยั้งกิจกรรมของจุลชีพในดินที่มีบทบาทในการย่อยสลาย นอกจากนี้ปัจจัยทางชีวภาพเกี่ยวกับลักษณะของรากฝอยทั้งองค์ประกอบทางเคมีตั้งต้น (ไนโตรเจน) และลักษณะทางกายวิภาคศาสตร์ที่แตกต่างกันในฤดูแล้งและฤดูฝน ล้วนส่งผลต่อการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยของแสมขาวด้วย ส่วนอัตราการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยของแสมขาวในรอบปีมีค่าเท่ากับ 0.001 ต่อวัน ซึ่งน้อยกว่าอัตราการย่อยสลายในฤดูแล้งและฤดูฝน เนื่องจากมีรากใหม่เจริญเข้าไปในถุงย่อยสลายหลังจากเวลาผ่านไป 12 สัปดาห์และไม่สามารถแยกจากซากรากตั้งต้นได้ การคำนวณอัตราการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยจากการทดลองที่ใช้ระยะเวลานานจึงมีค่าต่ำกว่าที่เกิดขึ้นจริง ดังนั้นจึงเสนอว่าการศึกษาการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยในช่วงระยะเวลาที่เหมาะสม (12 สัปดาห์) แยกตามฤดูกาล จะสะท้อนอัตราการย่อยสลายที่เกิดขึ้นจริงและสามารถเชื่อมโยงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการย่อยสลายของรากที่ผันแปรตามฤดูกาลกับการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยที่เกิดขึ้นในป่าชายเลนได้ ซึ่งจะนำไปสู่การประมาณอัตราการย่อยสลายของรากฝอยที่แม่นยำเพื่อการประมาณปริมาณคาร์บอนที่ส่งต่อและกักเก็บในองค์ประกอบต่าง ๆ ของระบบนิเวศป่าชายเลนต่อไป

Distribution Of Toxicity Of Plant Species In The Plant Family Sapindaceae (Sub-Family Hippocastanoideae), Vishvam Mehta

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Maple leaf toxicosis is a lethal condition in which wilted leaves from the plant genus Acer are ingested by equines, leading to hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. In prior studies, the toxicity of various Acer species was quantified, revealing a wide array of responses in terms of hemolysis and methemoglobin production. The object of this study, therefore, is to determine the toxicity of Acer’s closest relatives within the family Sapindaceae, specifically the four additional genera in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae. The information gained from this study will be used to understand the evolution of the toxins responsible for hemolysis and methemoglobin production. …

It Takes A Muscle: Wholes, Holes, And Other Voids, Saar Shemesh

Theses and Dissertations

IT TAKES A MUSCLE¹

In the BELLY of the BEAST, the HUMAN

in the deep end of a SWIMMING POOL

in a GRAVE, looking up/out from within

at the base of a CRATER, ABYSS, PIT

the room as a CRADLE, INCUBATOR

architecture as MOTHER MOULD.²

____________________________

¹ Title is borrowed and abbreviated: Spectral Display, “It Takes A Muscle To Fall In Love,” 1982.

² For what American-English delineates as ‘mold,’ British-English uses ‘mould’ and is more specific in its technicality. The former doesn’t distinguish in spelling between mold (fungus) and mold (mould). I’m not particularly a fan of …

Plant-Pollinator Interaction Networks In Remnant And Reconstructed Palouse Prairie In Eastern Wa, Usa, Emma Hoskins

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Ecological restoration is often focused on re-establishing native plant communities, without considering the larger ecological community, specifically pollinators, despite their being critical to native forb reproduction. Further, ecological restoration has the potential to mitigate global pollinator declines by rebuilding native ecosystems, providing pollinators with floral resources and nesting habitat. This is especially true for prairie restoration, which struggles to establish diverse, abundant native forb communities. The USDA Conservation Reserve Program State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (CRP SAFE) Palouse Prairie Project provides funding to convert agricultural fields into native Palouse Prairie habitat for the benefit of wildlife. Due to financial and …

Two Hemlocks, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Richard Evans Schultes, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

An Annotated List Of The Poisonous And Injurious Vascular Plants Of The United States, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Diversity And Evolution Of Inflorescences In Cuscuta, Morgan Glofcheskie

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Cuscuta (dodder) includes ca. 200 species of plant obligate stem parasites with both ecological and economical significance. Inflorescences have been historically used in Cuscuta for species descriptions and identification keys, but no comprehensive study exists to date. The main objective of this study was to survey the diversity of inflorescences, and to understand their evolution and possible form-function relationships. The inflorescence architecture of 132 Cuscuta taxa was analyzed using herbarium specimens, and eight species were grown to study their inflorescence development. Inflorescence traits were mapped into a genus phylogeny obtained from a combined analysis of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F …

Understanding Morphological Responses Of Typha (Cattail) Species To Nutrient Pollution, Anna Marie Shapiro

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In the Midwestern United States, Typha x glauca is a hybrid of the native Typha latifolia and the non-native Typha angustifolia. Typha x glauca is considered invasive, and it is dominating Typha latifolia when they co-occur. Wetlands in the Midwest face nutrient pollution, due to fertilization used within the agricultural industry. Wetlands are nutrient sinks, which store the increased levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are known to increase Typha growth. Within this thesis, it was hypothesized that an increase of nitrogen in the wetland may increase the width of Typha leaves, making it difficult to distinguish the …

Forecasting The Outcomes Of Managing A Rare Endemic Plant At Its Elevational Limit Under Climate Change Scenarios, Ethan Reibsome

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Lupinus constancei (Lassics lupine) is an exceptionally rare forb with a population that in 2020 consisted of 1,300 individuals located on two adjacent mountaintops in northwestern California, USA. Past work has demonstrated the species is threatened by high levels of seed predation by small mammals, which is likely the result of fire exclusion and the subsequent vegetation encroachment that both increases small mammal habitat and directly reduces suitable habitat for the species. Because of this, active management through caging of reproductive individuals to reduce seed consumption has been conducted every year since 2003. In addition, growing season temperatures have increased …

Domestication Reshaped The Genetic Basis Of Inbreeding Depression In A Maize Landrace Compared To Its Wild Relative, Teosinte, Luis Fernando Samayoa, Bode A. Olukolu, Chin Jian Yang, Qiuyue Chen, Markus G. Stetter, Alessandra M. York, Jose De Jesus Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jeffrey C. Glaubitz, Peter J. Bradbury, Maria Cinta Romay, Qi Sun, Jinliang Yang, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Edward S. Buckler, John F. Doebley, James B. Holland

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. The extent to which the genetic load of mutations contributing to inbreeding depression is due to large-effect mutations versus variants with very small individual effects is unknown and may be affected by population history. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of …

Identification Of Candidate Genes And Genomic Regions Associated With Adult Plant Resistance To Stripe Rust In Spring Wheat, Amira M. I. Mourad, Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid, Shamseldeen Eltaher, P. Stephen Baenziger, Andreas Börner

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease that damages wheat plants and affects wheat yield all over the world. In recent years, stripe rust became a major problem that affects wheat yield in Egypt. New races appeared and caused breakdowns in the resistant genotypes. To improve resistance in the Egyptian genotypes, new sources of resistance are urgently needed. In the recent research, a set of 95 wheat genotypes collected from 19 countries, including Egypt, were evaluated for their resistance against the Egyptian race(s) of stripe rust under field conditions in the two …

Relationships Among College-Level Science Course Enrollment, Environmental Perception, And Pro-Environmental Attitude: Evidence From The Us General Social Survey, Mazbahul G. Ahamad, Fahian Tanin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding pro-environmental attitudes is critical to encouraging pollution-minimizing behaviors. Therefore, identifying associated factors is essential for understanding different types of pro-environmental attitudes. We aimed to investigate the associations among individuals’ college-level science course enrollment and their perceptions of the level of spending to improve and protect the environment, as well as their pro-environmental attitudes. We used nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey data from 2,348 individuals obtained from the General Social Survey in the United States. An ordered logistic model was used to examine the associations among college-level science course enrollment, environmental perception, and pro-environmental attitude. We found that science course enrollment …

Cold Conditioned: Discovery Of Novel Alleles For Low-Temperature Tolerance In The Vavilov Barley Collection, Ahmad H. Sallam, Kevin P. Smith, Gongshe Hu, Jamie Sherman, Peter Stephen Baeziger, Jochum Wiersma, Carl Duley, Eric J. Stockinger, Mark E. Sorrells, Tamas Szinyei, Igor G. Loskutov, Olga N. Kovaleva, Jed Eberly, Brian J. Steffenson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Climate changes leading to higher summer temperatures can adversely affect cool season crops like spring barley. In the Upper Midwest region of the United States, one option for escaping this stress factor is to plant winter or facultative type cultivars in the autumn and then harvest in early summer before the onset of high-temperature stress. However, the major challenge in breeding such cultivars is incorporating sufficient winter hardiness to survive the extremely low temperatures that commonly occur in this production region. To broaden the genetic base for winter hardiness in the University of Minnesota breeding program, 2,214 accessions from the …

Sustainable Intensification For A Larger Global Rice Bowl, Shen Yuan, Bruce A. Linquist, Lloyd T. Wilson, Kenneth G. Cassman, Alexander M. Stuart, Valerien Pede, Berta Miro, Kazuki Saito, Nurwulan Agustiani, Vina Eka Aristya, Leonardus Y. Krisnadi, Alencar Junior Zanon, Alexandre Bryan Heinemann, Gonzalo Carracelas, Nataraja Subash, Pathula S. Brahmanand, Tao Li, Shaobing Peng, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Future rice systems must produce more grain while minimizing the negative environmental impacts. A key question is how to orient agricultural research & development (R&D) programs at national to global scales to maximize the return on investment. Here we assess yield gap and resource-use efficiency (including water, pesticides, nitrogen, labor, energy, and associated global warming potential) across 32 rice cropping systems covering half of global rice harvested area. We show that achieving high yields and high resource-use efficiencies are not conflicting goals. Most cropping systems have room for increasing yield, resource-use efficiency, or both. In aggregate, current total rice production …

Biol 1411- Botany Laboratory Manual, Yolander R. Youngblood

Open Education Resources

Botany Laboratory Manual By – Yolander R.Youngblood, PhD.

This manual was reviewed by student editors, Ayanna Montegut and Ineceia Carter.

Table of Contents

1. The Plant Cell Lab

2. Mitosis Lab

3. Plant Growth and Development Lab

4. Simple Tissue Lab

5. Leaf Lab

6. Stem Lab

7. Root Lab

8. Evolution of Land Plants Lab

9. Bryophyte Lab

10. Fern Lab

11. Gymnosperm Lab

12. Angiosperm Lab

13. Appendix

a. Writing in the Scientific Notebook

b. How to use the Microscope

c. Plants and Their Structure

d. Additional Video, Lecture, and Lab Resources

Climate And Agronomy, Not Genetics, Underpin Recent Maize Yield Gains In Favorable Environments, Gonzalo Rizzo, Juan Pablo Monzon, Fatima Amor Tenorio, Réka Howard, Kenneth G. Cassman, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Quantitative understanding of factors driving yield increases of major food crops is essential for effective prioritization of research and development. Yet previous estimates had limitations in distinguishing among contributing factors such as changing climate and new agronomic and genetic technologies. Here, we distinguished the separate contribution of these factors to yield advance using an extensive database collected from the largest irrigated maize-production domain in the world located in Nebraska (United States) during the 2005-to-2018 period. We found that 48% of the yield gain was associated with a decadal climate trend, 39% with agronomic improvements, and, by difference, only 13% with …