Botany Commons^™

Ecological Quality Status Of The Turkish Coastal Waters By Using A Marine Macrophytic Biotic Index (Eei-C), Ergün Taşkin, İbrahi̇m Tan, Murat Çakir, Özge Sungur, Orki̇de Mi̇nareci̇, Ersi̇n Mi̇nareci̇, Hakan Atabay

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study includes the results of the second benthic macrophytes? monitoring period of a survey of ecological status from the Turkish coasts. The biotic index Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI-c) was used to assess the ecological status classes (ESC) and MA-LUSI the anthropogenic pressures. Sampling was made by the quadrat (20 × 20 cm) method, and the samples were collected from 93 sites in Turkish coastal waters between 2017 and 2019. In total, 240 taxa were found in the Turkish marine waters. Forty sites were classified into High ESC, 24 sites into Good, 12 sites into Moderate, 13 sites into …

A New Annual Satureja (Lamiaceae) Species From Turkey With Molecular Evidence, And Lectotypification Of Two Species, Hayri̇ Duman, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Taner Özcan

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Satureja hasturkii, is described using morphological characters and molecular studies in this study. The new species is closely related to S. hortensis but differs from it by very lax thyrsoid inflorescence, longer pedicels, shorter calyx, upper and lower calyx teeth, and corolla. In order to support the morphological data, molecular studies are also done using nrITS and cptrnL-F gene regions. nrITS data gives better results in phylogenetic analysis. It is pointed out that the closest relatives of S. hasturkii are S. hortensis and S. laxiflora. The fact that having annual life forms of …

Activated Charcoal Alleviates Fluoride Stress By Restricting Fluoride Uptake And Counteracting Oxidative Damages In The Rice Cultivar Mtu1010, Ankur Singh, Swarnavo Chakraborty, Aryadeep Roychoudhury

Turkish Journal of Botany

This work was aimed to explore the efficacy of activated charcoal (5 mg g^-1 soil) in abating fluoride (25 mg L^-1 NaF) stress in rice seedlings, since the protective role of charcoal is widely reported against other forms of abiotic stress. Application of NaF solution reduced germination rate, dry and fresh weight, and shoot and root length of seedlings. Extensive fluoride accumulation lowered the chlorophyll level along with higher electrolyte leakage and formation of H2 O2 , malondialdehyde, and methylglyoxal. Administration of activated charcoal lowered the extent of oxidative damages by inhibiting the uptake of fluoride ions. Exogenous …

Drought Stress Effects On Morphophysiological And Quality Characteristics Of Commercial Carrot Cultivars, Muhammad Daniyal Junaid, Zahi̇de Nesli̇han Öztürk, Ali̇ Fuat Gökçe

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effects of drought stress on plant growth and development are getting more pronounced due to increasing influence of climate change on environmental stresses. Current study was devised to explore the drought effects on eight commercial carrot cultivars, having different root colors as a base for further studies to understand the response of carrot. Drought stress for 10 days was applied to carrot plants at taproot formation stage in semicontrolled greenhouse. The results revealed that orange and yellow colored carrot cultivars exhibited the least decline in physiological functioning (relative water contents and dry matter) that assisted in maintaining higher yield …

Bioaccumulation Of Four Metals In The Same Genus Mosses (Barbula Hedw.) And Soil Pollution Assessment In An Abandoned Karst Bauxite Tailing Area, Dengfu Wang, Qimei Wu, Zhaohui Zhang

Turkish Journal of Botany

Soil metal pollution is a concern in bauxite tailing areas. This study aimed to effectively screen plants with strong tolerance to metal contamination by analyzing the levels of metals in Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mild. (BR), Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. (BI), and Barbula vinealis Brid. (BV) and in soils. The contents of metals in mosses obtained from the bauxite tailing area followed the following order: Al > Fe > Zn > Cu. Furthermore, the levels of these metals were highest in BR, followed by BI and BV. However, concentrations of Al (12,220-87,080 mg/kg), Fe (8520-62,690 mg/kg), Cu (98.5-185.4 mg/kg), and Zn (208.2-352.6 mg/kg) in …

Improvements In The Phylogeny Of Epilobium And Chamaenerion Inferred From Nrdna And Cpdna Data Focusing On Türkiye, Suzan Kundakçi, Serdar Makbul, Mutlu Gültepe, Murat Erdem Güzel, Seda Okur, Kami̇l Coşkunçelebi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Epilobium and Chamaenerion included 165 and 8 species over the world, respectively. The members of the genera are distributed particularly in moist habitats from subpolar to tropical regions.This paper aims to provide improvements in the phylogeny of the genera Epilobium and Chamaenerion using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and matK gene sequence data evaluation with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference criterations. A total of 188 individual accessions belonging to 28 taxa were newly generated and 110 sequences imported from GenBank (NCBI) were analysed. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees supported to treat Epilobium and Chamaenerion …

Histochemical And Surface Microstructural Analyses Of Floral Cuticles Provide Evidence For Differential Behaviors In Scent Volatiles Emission In Two Tuberoses (Agave Amica (Medik.) Theide And Govaerts) Cultivars From Asparagaceae, Raktim Bhattacharya, Adinpunya Mitra

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two popular cultivars of tuberose (Agave amica (Medik.) Theide and Govaerts syn. Polianthes tuberosa L.) from the family Asparagaceae, widely cultivated for floricultural purposes are ,'Calcutta Single' (CS) and 'Calcutta Double' (CD). It was evidenced that CS flowers emit intense scent volatiles as compared to CD flowers, while CD flowers retained higher contents of internal pool of scent volatiles than CS flowers. Such contrasting observations between the flowers of two cultivars suggest the role of possible barriers such as cuticles that prevent the emission of scent volatiles. The cuticular structure of both cultivars was studied using different histochemical approaches, …

The Assessment Of Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Of Endemic Scutellaria Yildirimlii (Lamiaceae) For Conservation Purposes, Merve Yildirim, Gül Ni̇lhan Tuğ, Ahmet Emre Yaprak

Turkish Journal of Botany

Scutellaria yildirimlii is an endangered perennial endemic species from Turkey and belongs to the family Lamiaceae, which has a high number of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is crucial to determine genetic diversity and population structure of this species for its conservation measures; therefore, 111 individuals from five natural populations of S. yildirimlii were investigated by using 15 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei?s gene diversity (H), and Shannon?s information index (I) at the species and population-level were determined as 93.9%, 0.183, 0.292 and 56.5%, 0.158, 0.242, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance …

The Effect Of Grafting On Pollen Fertility And Seed Production Of Diploid Interspecific Hybrid And Tetraploid Eggplant Genotypes, Sebahatti̇n Çürük, İlknur Külahlioğlu Çeği̇l

Turkish Journal of Botany

Solanum melongena is susceptible to diverse diseases and parasites, in particular the wilts (bacterial, Fusarium and Verticillium), nematodes, and some insects. Solanum torvum is robust to Verticillium and some bacterial wilts and root-knot nematode. It was reported that interspecific hybrid plants originated out of the hybridization of these species were sterile. In our previous studies that have been carried out to overcome this interspecific hybridization barrier, only from Faselis F1 that was used as the female parent, many interspecific hybrid seeds were obtained and 9.07% of the seeds grew into plants in vitro. The percentage of pollen viability and germination …

Protective Potential Of Mokko Lactone From Cheilocostus Speciosus (J. Koenig) C.D.Specht (Costaceae) Rhizomes Against Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Ahmed Altyar, Ikhlas Sindi, Dina El-Agamy, Wael Elsaed, Ahmed Shehata, Hossam Abdallah, Gamal Mohamed, Abdelsattar Omar, Sabrin Ibrahim

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cheilocostus speciosus (Syn: Costus speciosus) (Crepe or spiral ginger) is one of the species of the family Costaceae that is widely used in various traditional medicines for treating various ailments. Mokko lactone (ML) belongs to the guaianolide family of sesquiterpenes, which has been separated from C. speciosus. It showed noticeable antiinflammation and antioxidative capacities. The current study explored the ML hepatoprotective potential against FHF (fulminant hepatic failure) in mice. FHF was successfully established using intraperitoneal injection of ?-galactosamine (?-GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg) in male Swiss-albino mice. The mice were pretreated with ML (20 or 40 mg/kg, orally) daily …

The Influence Of Cover Crops On Grassland Restoration, Josh C. Poland

Masters Theses

Grassland ecosystems comprise almost a fourth of all Earth’s land mass; however, due to ever-increasing rates of agricultural land conversion, these habitats are facing a large-scale biodiversity crisis. The degradation of grasslands extends beyond physical impacts, such as soil erosion, to include the loss of soil microbial communities as a serious risk to the health and productivity of these habitats. Cover cropping, commonly used in agriculture to revive agricultural soils, has rarely been applied to grassland restorations, and could combat or reverse the harmful effects of modern agriculture techniques. For the first chapter of my thesis, I used a greenhouse …

A Cladoxylopsid With Complex Vascular Architecture From The Early Devonian Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada), Jessica Chu

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Cladoxylopsids are seed-free plants that formed the world’s earliest forests and gave rise to horsetails (sphenopsids), but their evolutionary origins are poorly understood. Here, I describe a new Early Devonian cladoxylopsid from the Emsian (400-395 Ma) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada). The structural features of this plant indicate taxonomic affinity to cladoxylalean cladoxylopsids and its phylogenetic position supports placement in genus Cladoxylon (the proposed name, Cladoxylon kespekianum sp. nov., to be formalized by peer-reviewed publication). Specimens of this plant are permineralized in calcium carbonate and were studied using the acetate peel technique with light and electron microscopy. Cladoxylon kespekianum is …

Assessing The Recovery Of Forest Understory Vegetation After Clearcut Logging Across A 445-Year Chronosequence, Molly Smith Metok

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The conversion of natural forested lands to managed forests has reduced the amount of older, structurally diverse forests worldwide. In conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest (USA) – where the understory plant communities comprise only 1% of forest biomass but represent 90% of the plant species richness – the long-term impacts of timber harvesting are not fully understood. I used a chronosequence of forests in southwestern Oregon that ranged from 25 to 445 years of age to compare changes in plant communities in logged (i.e., managed) stands with that of stands in late succession and old growth conditions. The chronosequence …

Using Micro Satellites To Assess The Impact Of Algae Growth On Global Warming, Hursh, Vanessa

Student Works

Data gathered from microsatellites can inform policymakers and environmental agencies about the impact of algae on global warming. It can guide the development of strategies to mitigate or harness the potential benefits of algae growth.

การเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างรากและการสร้างเซลล์บอร์เดอร์ของรากข้าวที่มีการแสดงออกของยีน Osnuc1-S สูงภายใต้ภาวะเครียดจากความเค็ม, จรรยา แปลกทิ้ง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

โครงสร้างรากของข้าวมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงสอดคล้องกับภาวะที่ไม่เหมาะสม นอกจากนี้ ปลายรากยังปกคลุมด้วยเซลล์บอร์เดอร์ของราก (root border cells; RBCs) ซึ่งมีการผลัดออกเป็นเซลล์เดี่ยวที่มีชีวิตและมีกิจกรรมการหลั่งสารที่สามารถปกป้องเนื้อเยื่อเจริญปลายรากได้ ข้าวมีการเจริญเติบโตและมีผลผลิตที่ลดลงในภาวะเค็ม จึงมีการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการทนเค็มในข้าว ซึ่งพบว่าข้าวจาปอนิกา (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) ที่มีการแสดงออกของยีน OsNUC1-S สูง มีความทนเค็มมากกว่าข้าวพันธุ์ปกติ งานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างรากและ RBCs เกี่ยวข้องกับความทนเค็มที่เกิดจากบทบาทของยีนนี้หรือไม่ โดยปลูกต้นกล้าข้าวพันธุ์ปกติและสายพันธุ์ที่มีการแสดงออกของยีน OsNUC1-S สูง 3 สายพันธุ์ ให้ได้รับภาวะเค็ม (85 mM NaCl) เป็นเวลา 12 วัน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ภาวะเค็มไม่มีผลต่อการเติบโตของข้าวพันธุ์ปกติ แต่กลับมีผลลดน้ำหนักของส่วนเหนือดินในข้าวสายพันธุ์ที่ดัดแปรพันธุกรรม TOsL1 แสดงความอ่อนแอต่อภาวะเค็มมากที่สุด โดยมีการลดลงของน้ำหนักแห้งรากและจำนวนรากพิเศษ ภาวะเค็มมีผลเพิ่มความยาวรากปฐมภูมิอย่างชัดเจนในข้าวพันธุ์ปกติและ TOsL1 ส่วนจำนวนรากแขนงลดลงเนื่องจากภาวะเค็มในข้าวทุกสายพันธุ์ ผลดังกล่าวแสดงให้เห็นว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างรากในภาวะเค็มไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับบทบาทของยีน OsNUC1-S โดยตรง สำหรับการผลิต RBCs ในภาวะปกติ พบว่ามีรูปแบบที่คล้ายคลึงกันในข้าวทั้งสองกลุ่ม โดยมีการผลิตจำนวน RBCs สูงสุด 3000-4000 เซลล์ ตั้งแต่เมื่อรากอายุยังน้อยที่มีความยาวราก 0.5-1.0 เซนติเมตร จำแนกชนิด RBCs ตามอัตราส่วนความยาวต่อความกว้างของเซลล์ได้ 3 ชนิด โดยมีขนาดของเซลล์ที่เล็กและมีความหนาของชั้นสารเมือกที่บางกว่าข้าวอินดิกา เมื่อย้ายต้นกล้าที่มีความยาวราก 1.0±0.2 เซนติเมตร ให้ได้รับภาวะเค็มเป็นเวลา 24 ชั่วโมง พบว่าข้าวพันธุ์ปกติมีร้อยละของต้นกล้าที่รากหยุดการเจริญเติบโตมากกว่าสายพันธุ์ที่ดัดแปรพันธุกรรม และมีจำนวน RBCs ที่ลดลง นอกจากนี้ ต้นกล้าที่สามารถเจริญเติบโตและมีความยาวรากเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 1.5±0.2 และ 2.0±0.2 เซนติเมตร มีจำนวน RBCs ที่ลดลงในข้าวพันธุ์ปกติแต่ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงในสายพันธุ์ที่ดัดแปรพันธุกรรม ดังนั้น จึงสรุปได้ว่า ข้าวจาปอนิกามีการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างรากในภาวะเค็มโดยเพิ่มความยาวรากปฐมภูมิซึ่งไม่เกี่ยวข้องโดยตรงกับยีน OsNUC1-S และมีความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง RBCs กับความสามารถในการเจริญเติบโตของรากในภาวะเค็ม ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับการมียีน OsNUC1-S ซึ่งเป็นยีนทนเค็มในข้าว

Macrolichen Inventory Of The Horse Mountain Botanical Area, Six Rivers National Forest, California, Usa, Sarah Norvell Conway

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Macrolichen diversity and community composition was determined for an area of high botanical interest in the Coast Ranges of Northern California – the Horse Mountain Botanical Area (HMBA) in Six Rivers National Forest. The Coast Ranges have been suggested to have high epiphytic macrolichen diversity, yet detailed site-specific macrolichen surveys are lacking for the area. Here we present comprehensive data on macrolichens of the HMBA integrated with environmental metadata at the landscape level. Twenty 0.4 ha sampling plots were positioned across the varying habitats of the HMBA and macrolichens were intensively sampled from all substrata. Out of 888 total collections, …

Discerning Friend From Foe: Systematic Revision Of Cuscuta L. Section Indecorae Using A Combined Ecological, Morphometric, And Phylogenetic Approach., Corey Burt

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The genus Cuscuta (Dodder; Convolvulaceae) are obligate parasitic plants. In one clade known as section Indecorae, there are species which are considered pests that pose significant threats to agricultural crop production, while other species are rare or known only from historical records. Section Indecorae contains three species: C. coryli, C. warneri, and C. indecora (the latter with three infraspecific taxa: var. indecora, var. longisepala, and var. attenuata). The systematics of section Indecorae are not currently resolved. Cuscuta indecora has a long and complicated taxonomic history with many infraspecific varieties described, and …

Winter Dynamics Of Storm Water Management Ponds And Winter Tolerance In Three Aquatic Plant Species, Patrick Strzalkowski

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The vast majority of the research into the performance of stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) has been performed in warm regions or during the warmer seasons in temperate regions. It is presumed that SWMPs are inactive in the winter as any potential stormwater is trapped in snow and ice. The main goal of this thesis was to test this presumption and to study the dynamics and performance of three SWMPs during the winter. Remote water level loggers were installed into the three SWMPs and daily grab samples from the influents and effluents were taken and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), chloride, …

Investigating The Effects Of Disturbance And Competition On Establishment, Growth, And Reproduction Of The Endangered Ripariosida Hermaphrodita, Daniel Engelking

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Virginia Mallow) is a perennial riparian plant with broad, maple-like leaves. It grows up to three meters high and is often found in large clonal patches, but sexually reproduces readily. While this plant may seem like a redoubtable competitor when growing in large colonies, it is declining across its range in North America. The only known occurrences in Canada are in southern Ontario. Prior to this study, no new populations had been recorded even though one of the known populations produces copious amounts of viable seed with potential to disperse. There are many hypotheses for its rarity, but …

Transformation And Gene Editing In The Bioenergy Grass Miscanthus, Anthony Trieu, Mohammad B. Belaff, Pradeepa Hirannaiah, Shilpa Manjunatha, Rebekah Wood, Yokshitha Bathula, Rebecca L. Billingsley, Anjali Arpan, Erik J. Sacks, Thomas E. Clemente, Stephen P. Moose, Nancy A. Reichert, Kankshita Swaminathan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Miscanthus, a C4 member of Poaceae, is a promising perennial crop for bioenergy, renewable bioproducts, and carbon sequestration. Species of interest include nothospecies M. x giganteus and its parental species M. sacchariforus and M. sinensis. Use of biotechnology-based procedures to genetically improve Miscanthus, to date, have only included plant transformation procedures for introduction of exogenous genes into the host genome at random, non-targeted sites.

Results: We developed gene editing procedures for Miscanthus using CRISPR/Cas9 that enabled the mutation of a specific (targeted) endogenous gene to knock out its function. Classified as paleo-allopolyploids (duplicated ancient …