Botany Commons^™

Identification And Verification Of Qtl Associated With Frost Tolerance Using Linkage Mapping And Gwas In Winter Faba Bean, Ahmed Sallam, Mustapha Arbaoui, Mohamed El-Esawi, Nathan Abshire

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Frost stress is one of the abiotic stresses that causes a significant reduction in winter faba bean yield in Europe. The main objective of this work is to genetically improve frost tolerance in winter faba bean by identifying and validating QTL associated with frost tolerance to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Two different genetic backgrounds were used: a biparental population (BPP) consisting of 101 inbred lines, and 189 genotypes from single seed descent (SSD) from the Gottingen Winter bean Population (GWBP). All experiments were conducted in a frost growth chamber under controlled conditions. Both populations were genotyped using the …

Modeling Shattercane Dynamics In Herbicide-Tolerant Grain Sorghum Cropping Systems, Rodrigo Werle, Brigitte Tenhumberg, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Traditional breeding technology is currently being used to develop grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] germplasm that will be tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. This technology (Inzen^TM, DuPont^TM) has the potential to improve sorghum production by allowing for the postemergence control of traditionally hard-to-control grasses. However, grain sorghum and shattercane [weedy Sorghum species; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] can interbreed and introduced traits such as herbicide tolerance could increase the weediness of the weedy relative. Our objective was to develop a simulation model …

Letter To The Editor Ws-2 Introgression In A Proportion Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Col-0 Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes And Highlights The Importance Of Routine Genetic Verification, Mon-Ray Shao, Vikas Shedge, Hardik Kundariya, Fredric R. Lehle, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and genetics. Recently, we noticed that some seed from a common source of the widely-used Columbia-0 (Col-0) strain gave rise to plants showing features atypical for this strain. Whole genome DNA-sequencing and allele-specific PCR assays confirmed that the abnormal individuals contain multiple introgressions from the ecotype Wassilewskija-2 (Ws-2), as described below. This emphasizes …

Probing The Plant Cell Wall With Herbicides: A Chemical Genetics Approach, Chad B. Brabham

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The primary cell wall is a highly organized multi-layered matrix of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and pectin). The ability of the rigid cell wall to sufficiently loosen to allow growth is a complex process that differs considerably between grasses monocots and dicots. Cellulose is the major structural component required for anisotropic cell expansion and is synthesized by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) proteins. Here, our objectives were two-fold: 1) dissect cell walls and cellulose biosynthesis in dicots and grasses using chemical biology and reverse genetic approaches 2) characterize and classify the inhibitory mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs). A reverse genetics TILLING …

Multiple Records Of Monoecy In Dioecious Taxa Of Hawaiian Coprosma Spp. (Rubiaceae)., Jason T. Cantley, Danielle Frohlich, Chris Martine

Faculty Journal Articles

The breeding systems of the 110+ species of Coprosma J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. across the Pacific are largely considered dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants (oliver 1935). However, for many species, particularly of New Zealand, the dioecious breeding system is leaky. Coprosma species exhibiting leaky dioecy are primarily dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants, but individuals occasionally develop apparently functional bisexual flowers, which sporadically occur among an abundance of unisexual flowers. A putative monoecious Coprosma taxon was once reported for the Macquarie Island individuals of C. perpusilla Colenso (= C. pumila Hook.f.), …

Evidence Of Rock Kangaroo Seed Dispersal Via Faecal Seed Storage In A Tropical Monsoon Community, Chris Martine, Ally Boni, Elizabeth Capaldi, Gemma Lionheart, Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden

Faculty Journal Articles

While some of the plant species of the ‘Sandstone Country’ along the escarpment of western Arnhem Land produce fleshy fruits and appear to rely on biotic methods of seed dispersal, little is known about the methods by which this is achieved – and few potential dispersers co-occur in the sandstone outcrop communities. For the present study, scat collections were made on outcrops in the northeastern area of Kakadu National Park with the hope of uncovering relationships between local frugivores and fruit-producers, and providing evidence for seasonal storage of mammal-dispersed seeds in scat prior to germination. The goals of the present …

2016 Virginia Wildflower Of The Year: Downy Rattlesnake Plantain, Goodyera Pubescens, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Regardless of season, Downy Rattlesnake Plantain is a delight to encounter in the woods of Virginia. This evergreen orchid is a perennial rhizomatous herb of the forest floor. The horizontal rhizomes, usually covered lightly by leaf litter, bear roots at intervals and terminate in a rosette of leaves. Leaves are alternate, somewhat crowded together, and only slightly elevated above ground level. Leaf blades are ovate, 3–8 cm long, and 1.5–3 cm wide, often of varying size within a rosette. Leaves are present year-round, bluish-green, with prominent white veins; on each leaf, a broad midvein is flanked by two smaller veins …

Evaluating The Evolutionary And Genetic Relationships Of The Andean Orchids Of Northwestern Ecuador, Kylie Bucalo

Theses and Dissertations

DNA barcoding is a molecular based technique used to separate and identify individual species. Here we establish a DNA Barcode library for the orchid flora of an Andean cloud forest in Northwestern Ecuador. The library contains 135 matK and 136 rbcL DNA Barcodes representing over 33 Orchidaceae genera. Sequence analysis shows percent species resolution was higher for matK (98.8%) than rbcL (70.24%), with a large portion of the unresolved species for the rbcL loci coming from taxonomically complex genera in the subtribe Pleurothallidinae. Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees revealed that the orchid flora of Siempre Verde is divided taxonomically into …

Land Use And Land Cover Classification And Change Detection Using Naip Imagery From 2009 To 2014: Table Rock Lake Region, Missouri, Dexuan Sha Sha

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Land use and land cover (LULC) of Table Rock Lake (TRL) region has changed over the last half century after the construction of Table Rock Dam in 1959. This study uses one meter spatial resolution imagery to classify and detect the change of LULC of three typical waterside TRL regions. The main objectives are to provide an efficient and reliable classification workflow for regional level NAIP aerial imagery and identify the dynamic patterns for study areas. Seven class types are extracted by optimal classification results from year 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014 of Table Rock Village, Kimberling City and Indian …

Successional Changes In Leaf Nutrient Concentrations Of Woody And Herbaceous Species, Daniel Walter Kuchta

Masters Theses

Leaf nutrient concentrations are an example of a functional trait, a trait that can be used to understand community dynamics by observing how plants interact with their environment. I explored how leaf nutrient concentrations were affected over successional time by environmental changes. The majority of prior research on functional traits focuses on either woody or herbaceous species, but not both life forms simultaneously. To address this, I also explored the successional changes to leaf nutrient concentrations, separating the plant community into woody and herbaceous species.

Healthy, mature leaves were taken from 122 taxa of woody and herbaceous species in a …

Transcriptome Profiling Of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa Pratensis L.) Accessions In Response To Salt Stress, Shaun B. Bushman, Keenan L. Amundsen, Scott E. Warnke, Joseph G. Robins, Paul G. Johnson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a prominent turfgrass in the cool-season regions, but it is sensitive to salt stress. Previously, a relatively salt tolerant Kentucky bluegrass accession was identified that maintained green color under consistent salt applications. In this study, a transcriptome study between the tolerant (PI 372742) accession and a salt susceptible (PI 368233) accession was conducted, under control and salt treatments, and in shoot and root tissues.

Results: Sample replicates grouped tightly by tissue and treatment, and fewer differentially expressed transcripts were detected in the tolerant PI 372742 samples compared to the susceptible …

A New Species Of Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) From Saudi Arabia, Kadry Abdel Khalik

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plectranthus hijazensis Abdel Khalik (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from Al-Baha Province in Saudi Arabia. Information given on the new species includes a taxonomic description and its affinity to Plectranthus asirensis L. A key to Plectranthus species of Saudi Arabia is provided, and the relationships of the species and the relevant morphological characters, particularly seed, pollen grains, trichomes, and anatomy of stem and leaf, are discussed. A distribution map of the new species and related species is provided.

Lectotypification Of Three Indian Endemic Taxa Of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae), Rajeev Kumar Singh

Turkish Journal of Botany

Three recognized Indian endemic taxa of Pittosporum Banks. ex Gaertn. are lectotypified, namely Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq., P. humile Hook. f. & Thomson, and P. neelgherrense Wight & Arn.

The Influence Of Environmental Variables On Punica Granatum L.Assemblages In Subtropical Dry Temperate Woodland In The Districtof Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Muhammad Irshad, Nasrullah Khan, Kishwar Ali, Zahid Muhammad

Turkish Journal of Botany

Punica granatum L. (Wild) is an important fruit-yielding species of the world and a source of income for people, particularly in the Hindukush-Himalayas of Pakistan. Considering its ecological and commercial importance, an attempt was made to provide a primary assessment of its compositional pattern with relation to environmental variables for ecologically unexplored Punica granatum forests located in a subtropical dry temperate zone using multivariate techniques. The vegetation data were collected from 40 Punica granatum forest stands along with the associated environmental data (12 variables) at different locations. Classification of the stands was carried out using Ward?s agglomerative cluster analysis. In …

Oxalis Section Alpinae (Oxalidaceae): Orbicule Diversity And Pollen Grain Morphology, Alicia Lopez, Sonia Rosenfeldt

Turkish Journal of Botany

Orbicule characteristics and pollen morphology were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with 13 species of Oxalis section Alpinae, endemic to South America. Orbicules are either homogeneous or heterogeneous in size; surface smooth or with punctuations; margin smooth, lobed, or wavy; rounded, oblong, or irregular shapes; variable clustering. According to orbicule characteristics, six groups are proposed. The Oxalis pollen grain is 3-colpate and the shape is prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal, or spheroidal; ambit rounded or triangular. Exine microreticulate, semitectate, brochate. Brochi circular, oval, triangular to polygonal. Lumen with or without content. Sporopollenin generally forming groups that may be …

Relationships Between Some Endogenous Signal Compounds And The Antioxidantsystem In Response To Chilling Stress In Maize (Zea Mays L.) Seedlings, Nevzat Esi̇m, Ökkeş Atici

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study investigated the correlation between endogenous levels of some signal compounds [nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA)] and the antioxidant system in response to chilling stress in maize (Zea mays L.). Seedlings grown for 12 or 19 days under normal conditions (24/20 °C) were exposed to chilling stress (10/7 °C) for 2 days. The levels of NO, SA, ABA, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in leaves of seedlings harvested on day 14 and day 21. In the same seedlings, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and …

Astragalus Unalii (Fabaceae), A New Species From Turkey, Ömer Çeçen, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Hüseyi̇n Misirdali

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus unalii Çeçen, Aytaç and Mısırdalı, sp. Nov. (Fabaceae, sect. Malacothrix Bunge) is described as a new species from Karadağ (Karaman Province) in southern Anatolia and compared with its relatives growing in steppe vegetation. The new species is close to A. Tauricola Boiss. And A. Adiyamanensis Podlech and M.Ekici, endemic and growing in central and southern parts of Anatolia, Turkey. Taxonomic descriptions, pollen and seed characters, and geographical distribution of the new species are presented.

New Species And A Synonym Of The Genus Hesperis (Brassicaceae) From Turkey, Ahmet Duran, Özlem Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Hesperis tosyaensis A.Duran, a new species from northern Anatolia, is described and illustrated. It grows under open Quercus forest. The new species is distinct from the closely allied H. Ozcelikii A.Duran by the following features: stem erect, 45-90 cm tall, hispid, hairs 2-2.5 mm, and fruit glabrous. Genetic differentiation between closely related Hesperis L. Taxa and Matthiola W.T.Aiton was examined by molecular analyses of the ISSR. The chromosome number for Hesperis tosyaensis is 2n = 14. Information is also presented on its ecology and conservation status. In addition, Hesperis aspera E.Fourn. İs treated as a synonym of Hesperis bicuspidata (Willd.) …

A New Species Of Cyathus (Agaricaceae) From India, Kanad Das, Manoj Emanuel Hembrom, Arvind Parihar, Rui Lin Zhao

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden is a well-known botanical garden. Cyathus thindii, a new species of bird's nest fungus, was collected from this garden, and is described and illustrated in the present paper. It is distinct with its sessile basidiomata growing on a white mycelial pad, plicate exterior (partly) and interior wall of the peridium, comparatively large peridioles without tunica, and medium sized spores. Its relation with allied taxa is discussed and a provisional key to the Indian species of Cyathus is given in the present paper.

Assessment Of Resistance Gene Analog, Peroxidase, And Wrky Genepolymorphisms In The Genus Lens Miller, Duygu Sari, Nedi̇m Mutlu, Cengi̇z Toker

Turkish Journal of Botany

Resistance gene analogs (RGAs), peroxidases (POXs), and WRKY transcription factors are gene families related to stress-response pathways that regulate enhancement of stress tolerance in crop plants. In this study, the polymorphisms of these gene families were determined in the genus Lens Miller and Vicia montbretii (Fish. And Mey) Davis and Plitmann. A total of 32 genotypes of 7 lentil taxa, including 1 accession of cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. Subsp. culinaris), 11 accessions of L. Culinaris subsp. Orientalis (Boiss.) Ponert, 3 accessions of L. Culinaris subsp. Tomentosus Ladiz., 4 accessions of L. Culinaris subsp. Odemensis Ladiz., 3 accessions of L. …