Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne,
2023
Beijing Agricultural College, China
Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne, Q. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. N. Tongquan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) with its good quality and ease of cultivation occupies an important position in animal feeding. Salinity is a major constraint of crop productivity, because it reduces yield and limits expansion of agriculture. Na+ /H+ antiporter catalyses the counter transport of Na+ and H+ across membranes. Vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter plays an important role in developing salt-tolerance of plants. Therefore, we could use the gene involved in this mechanism to modify salt tolerance of lucerne.
Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23, A. Kingston-Smith, P. W. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Breeding diploid perennial ryegrass for improved dry matter yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions has reduced the nitrogen (N) concentration of the herbage (Wilkins et al., 2003). Reduced N concentration in the ruminant diet is one potential way to reduce losses of N to the environment by reducing the amount of N that animals excrete. The underlying physiological basis of this increased N-use efficiency in ryegrass was investigated.
Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield,
2023
Iowa State University
Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield, E. C. Brummer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most forage crops have not experienced yield gains as impressive as those observed in annual grains crops such as maize (Zea mays L); in fact, yield improvement in lucerne appears to have stopped in the Midwestern USA (Riday and Brummer, 2002). I contend that much of this disparity can be explained by a failure of breeders to pursue long term recurrent selection programs within populations to capitalize on small, incremental improvements in yield over time. Many selection programs last only two or three cycles, resulting in a germplasm or cultivar release. Either no further selection is attempted or the …
Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters,
2023
Plant Protection Agency, Brazil
Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters, R. Usberti, J. A. Usberti Jr., R. H. Aguiar, L. M. T. A. Carneiro, J. B. Fantinati, F. G. Francisco
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Elephantgrass cultivars and introductions show practically no viable pure seeds and their uses in cultivated grasslands are exclusively dependent on vegetative propagation. Therefore, in large areas, sowing operation costs make unfeasible setting up new pastures. On the other hand, pearl millet is a high seed producer species though presenting some forage constraints (poor forage production, low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing and low field persistence). Recently, an hexaploid interespecific hybrid between the two species was developed (Schank & Diz, 1996), which is able to produce viable pure seeds, in variable amounts according to the genotype considered (Diz & Schank, …
Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay, Mónica Rebuffo, Federico Condon, María José Cuitiño
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Local landraces are potential valuable gene sources with benefits for local agriculture. However, their in situ conservation depends on the personal motivation of farmers and the permanence of traditional farming methods (Negri, 2003). There is the latent risk of loosing landraces and site-specific naturalized germplasm due to rapid socio-economic changes in Uruguayan agriculture. Participatory conservation can provide the necessary synergy between farmers, extension services, geneticists and genebank to achieve the goal of conserving these genetic resources. Although farmers' involvement in germplasm collection is common, particularly for vegetable crops, most forage collections had been done from fields or sideroad areas, therefore …
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time,
2023
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Belgium
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Since the use of nitrogen fertilisers is reduced, swards based on grass-clover mixtures regain importance in grassland production. Management of these swards is more complicated than the management of pure grass swards. The population structure will develop in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study we will test the genetic change in the clover components of grass-clover mixtures.
Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp,
2023
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp, X. Q. Zhang, S. S. Bughrara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fescues (Festuca spp.) are widely occurring temperate grasses with more than 450 species that represent a vast resource for genetic improvement of turfgrass and forage cultivars. Fescues are normally outcrossing species and exhibit many ploidy levels(x=7). Much of the work in classification of Festuca is predominantly based on morphological and cytological features. Difficulties in morphological characterization, which are largely subjected to environmental influences, have resulted in many synonymous species and uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships. DNA fingerprinting is considered a more stable and reliable technique to explore genetic diversity and relationships.
Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?,
2023
Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Switzerland
Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?, B. Boller, R. Kölliker
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cultivars of perennial grass species are usually synthetics with a limited number of constituent parental clones, prone to inbreeding depression. Plant breeders aim at a balance between intensity of selection and maintenance of genetic diversity when making their choice of parent clones in an intuitive way, aided by fragmentary pedigree information. Molecular markers offer new opportunities for assessing genetic diversity among selected plants. The objective of the investigation presented here is to check if the genetic distance as measured by AFLP polymorphisms reflects consanguinity among Festuca pratensis individuals from our breeding programme.
Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina,
2023
INTA, Argentina
Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina, A. Andrés, B. S. Rosso, J. De Battista, M. Acuña
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important annual grasses used in Argentina because it adapts better to the intensive animal system of the Humid Pampas than other annual forage grass. Although much research has been done to study its productive potential and management technologies, little work has focused on breeding and selection. There is ample evidence that genetic variability occurs within grass species (Snaydon, 1987; Andrés and Barufaldi, 1997) both in morphology and physiology. As a result the variation of attributes related with yield potential, quality and adaptation to different management systems, is often used …
Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards,
2023
INRA, France
Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards, C. Straub, G. Boutet, Christian Huyghe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ryegrass varieties are synthetics, with a wide within-variety genetic variance for most traits. Ryegrass swards are likely to experience genetic changes with seasons and years because of plant death, asymmetric vegetative reproduction or plant recruitment through reproduction or seed immigration. These changes may be related to or induce changes in agronomic traits, such as biomass production or dry matter composition. The present research was undertaken to measure genetic changes in swards obtained from sowings of a single variety of ryegrass. These changes were evaluated using both neutral molecular markers and morphological traits. The present paper deals with the molecular markers.
Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars,
2023
Hamilton Centre, Australia
Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. R. Bannan, R. C. Ponting, J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cultivar differentiation using molecular markers to assess genetic variation may be of value in obtaining or protecting plant breeders rights. A knowledge of genetic variation and how it is structured within perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations will also help us understand the consequences to fitness and adaptation when implementing molecular breeding strategies. In a study of the population genetic structure of a number of perennial ryegrass varieties we examined the cultivar differentiation potential of marker technology.
Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass,
2023
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass, U. K. Posselt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant breeders are concerned with the diversity among and within breeding populations, because it largely determines the future prospects of success in breeding programs. DNA markers provide a powerful tool for the assessment of genetic diversity. The relationship between genetic diversity and heterosis has been investigated in several species (Melchinger, 1999). In hybrid breeding programs divergent genepools have been established in the past, according to heterotic patterns based on testcross information. In the last decade it has been shown, that new breeding materials can be assigned to already existing gene pools using molecular markers. The phenomenon of heterosis has been …
Tracing The Origins Of Timothy Species (Phleum Sp.),
2023
Jagiellonian University, Poland
Tracing The Origins Of Timothy Species (Phleum Sp.), A. V. Stewart, A. Joachimiak, N. W. Ellison
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The section Phleum of the genus Phleum contains 3 species groups and, depending on the taxonomic classification used, these may be treated as 3 or 6 individual species (Joachimiak & Kula, 1997; Joachimiak, 2004). Firstly, there is the P. pratense group consisting of a series of diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid forms. The diploid (2n=14) is usually known as Phleum bertolonii (syn. P. pratense spp bertolonii: syn P. nodosum) and/or P. hubbardii, while the tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid are known as P. pratense. Secondly there is the P. alpinum group consisting of 2 contrasting diploid species, …
Rflp Analyses Of Chloroplast Dna Of The Crested Wheatgrasses,
2023
USDA-ARS
Rflp Analyses Of Chloroplast Dna Of The Crested Wheatgrasses, K. P. Vogel, D. J. Lee, C. A. Caha
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The crested wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.) are widely distributed Eurasian grasses that have been used to re-vegetate millions of hectares of land in the northern plains and intermountain areas of North America. The genus consists of about 10 species that are based on the ‘P’ genome and includes diploids (2n = 14), tetraploids (2n = 28) and octoploids (2n = 42) (Dewey, 1984, Vogel et al., 1999). The two main agronomic species used in North America are A. cristatum (L.) Gaertner and A. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes. Chloroplast genomes are predominately maternally inherited through the …
Genetic Structure Of Mongolian Wheatgrass (Agroypron Mongolicum Keng) In Inner Mongolia Of China,
2023
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
Genetic Structure Of Mongolian Wheatgrass (Agroypron Mongolicum Keng) In Inner Mongolia Of China, Y. Jinfeng, Z. Mengli, X. Xinmin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mongolia wheatgrass (Agroypron mongolicum) is a cross-pollinated, long-lived, cool-season and drought-resistant perennial bunchgrass, which plays an important role in arid and semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Collections of A. mongolicum from different areas of Inner Mongolia are valuable sources of useful genes for its breeding. The genetic diversity of 8 accessions of A. mongolicum were examined in this study. A dendrogram was constructed to obtain information on the relationship between cultivated and wild A. mongolicum genotypes, which is basic information to explore the possibility of its use in intra- and inter-specific breeding programs.
Characterisation Of Naturalised Populations Of Thinopyrum Ponticum Podp Through Indexes Obtained Under Saline Stress,
2023
Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina
Characterisation Of Naturalised Populations Of Thinopyrum Ponticum Podp Through Indexes Obtained Under Saline Stress, S. M. Pistorale, A. Andrés, O. Bazzigalupi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Argentina has 2.5 million hectares considered marginal for agriculture, with salinity problems that limit productivity. Among the adapted species, Thinopyrum ponticum is one of the perennial grasses worth mentioning because of its adaptation to lowland and salty soils. On soils with low osmotic potentials, available water is reduced, and toxicity due to ion concentration arises. Salt tolerance is genetically determined and its improvement is similar to any other character in that requires genetic variability and evaluation methods to identify superior genotypes. Due to the essentially low-intensity livestock production in Argentina, and the soil limitations in marginal environments, the characterisation and …
Analysis Of Bromus Inermis Populations Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers To Identify Duplicate Accessions,
2023
USDA, ARS
Analysis Of Bromus Inermis Populations Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers To Identify Duplicate Accessions, V. L. Bradley, T. J. Kisha
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The temperate grass germplasm collection maintained at the USDA, ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in Pullman, Washington, consists of more than 18,000 accessions. Passport and collection data suggest that some of these accessions are duplicates, and their maintenance unnecessarily drains limited resources. The objective of this study was to use Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker analysis on 4 populations of smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis `Manchar ́, a cross-pollinated perennial grass, to determine if the genetic variation among them was significant. If not, then maintaining separate populations would be unnecessary.
Genetic Characterization Of Prairie Grass (Bromus Catharticus Vahl.) Natural Populations,
2023
Instituto de Genética, Argentina
Genetic Characterization Of Prairie Grass (Bromus Catharticus Vahl.) Natural Populations, R. Sellaro, E. M. Pagano, B. S. Rosso, P. Rimieri, R. D. Rios
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Prairie grass, Bromus catharticus Vahl., is a winter annual or biennial grass, native of South America which is widely distributed in the Pampeana area of Argentina and also cultivated in temperate regions of the world. Morphophysiological traits are currently used to assess the variability from natural populations and cultivars of this species. Molecular markers, which are not influenced by the environment, allow a more accurate assessment of genetic variability. Previous results from our group (Puecher et al., 2001a) showed a narrow genetic basis for the prairie grass cultivars used in Argentina. On the other hand, we also observed that …
Efficient In Vitro Regeneration System From Seed Derived Callus Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) And Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum),
2023
University of Toledo
Efficient In Vitro Regeneration System From Seed Derived Callus Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) And Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum), S. Chennareddy, R. V. Sairam, S. L. Goldman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The commercially important ryegrasses in cool temperate climates throughout the world are annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). Improvements through conventional breeding have been slow as they are usually heterozygous and highly self-infertile. Hence, there is a need to use modern biotechnological tools to the development of improved rye grass cultivars for incorporating value added traits. Successful transformation of rye grasses has been done using suspension cells, which is time consuming and laborious (Spangenberg et al., 1995, 1998). We report here a rapid and highly efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from …
Inducible Over-Expression Of The Cbf3 Abiotic Stress Regulon In Transgenic Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge),
2023
University of Florida
Inducible Over-Expression Of The Cbf3 Abiotic Stress Regulon In Transgenic Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge), V. A. James, F. Altpeter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bahiagrass is an important turf and forage grass in the Southern US and in the subtropical regions around the world. The objective of this experiment was to further enhance the productivity and persistence of bahiagrass during seasonal periods of drought and / or freezing and in salt affected regions by over-expression of the stress inducible transcription factor CBF3. Transcription factors like CBF3 are capable of activating the expression of multiple genes involved in protection against environmental stresses (Kasuga et al., 1999).
