Agricultural Science Commons^™

Influence Of Host-Plant Surface Chemicals On The Oviposition Of The Cereal Stemborer Busseola Fusca, Gerald Juma, Gilles Clément, Peter Ahuya, Ahmed Hassanali, Sylvie Derridj, Cyrile Gaertner, Romain Linard, Bruno Le Ru, Brigitte Frérot, Paul André Calatayud

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The chemical composition of plant surfaces plays a role in selection of host plants by herbivorous insects. Once the insect reaches the plant, these cues determine host acceptance. Laboratory studies have shown that the stem borer Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of sorghum and maize in sub-Saharan Africa, is able to differentiate between host and non-host plant species. However, no information is available on the cues used by this insect to seek and accept the host plant. Thus, the role of surface phytochemical stimuli on host selection and oviposition by B. fusca was studied in the laboratory using …

Managing Drought Stress In California Agricultural Systems, Gregory D. Brittain Jr.

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

California is currently facing a historic drought, and this has led many farmers in the state to severely cut back on irrigation. Optimal use of water for irrigation requires a comprehensive understanding of how plants respond physiologically to water stress (Chapter 1). By monitoring water requirements in crops and managing irrigation to meet those requirements, growers can significantly reduce water use (Chapter 2). This can be done through improving application efficiency of irrigation technology as well as increasing the water use efficiency of the crops themselves. Deficit irrigation practices can be used to manipulate the physiology of water use in …

A Vision For Extension: Case Studies On Managing Extreme Weather Challenges In Corn, Anthony J. Mcmechan

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

Global demand for corn is projected to rise in the coming decades to meet the food and fuel requirements of an increasing human population. Technological innovations have significantly improved corn yields over the past few decades; however, corn production is continually limited by unfavorable weather conditions. Extreme weather events put pressure on producers, adjustors, and consultants to make quick management decisions to maintain the highest return on their investment. Proper management decisions require an understanding of plant response and practical ways of applying this knowledge under real world conditions.

The following document was written after completing a six-month internship at …

Biology, Gene Flow, And Management Of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis Sauer) In Nebraska, Debalin Sarangi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Common waterhemp is the most troublesome weed in the midwestern United States. Growers from Nebraska reported failure to control common waterhemp following sequential applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean, which led to moderate to severe yield loss; justifying the need to confirm resistance and study the biology and management of common waterhemp. The objectives of this research were: 1) to confirm the presence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp biotypes in Nebraska and to evaluate their sensitivity to herbicides belonging to alternative sites-of-action; 2) to evaluate the response of common waterhemp to water stress; 3) to quantify pollen-mediated gene …

Evaluating Pedestrial Compaction Variation & Soil Organic C Content, Gunner B. Decker

Scholars Week

Over time, playing fields are monitored by overall appearance. However, pedestrian compaction is not evenly distributed throughout the entire surface.

Pola Penyebaran Tanaman Jengkol (Pithecellobium Jiringa (Jack) Prain.) Di Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Yudithia Maxiselly, D Ustari, Ade Ismail, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Jawa Barat bagian selatan memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang berlimpah. Salah satu komoditas yang berpotensi dikembangkan di Jawa Barat bagian selatan adalah tanaman jengkol (Pithecellobium Jiringa (Jack) Prain.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data mengenai pola penyebaran tanaman jengkol di Jawa Barat bagian selatan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November sampai bulan Desember 2013. Lokasi survey meliputi beberapa desa di kabupaten Ciamis, kabupaten Tasikmalaya, dan kabupaten Garut dengan menggunakan metode eksplorasi dan penentuan lokasi secara purposive sampling. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi dengan metode karakterisasi in situ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principle Component Analysis) terdapat pola …

Pengaruh Benzyl Amino Purine Dan Coumarin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Benih Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) G2 Kultivar Granola, Nurjanah, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga Juni 2014 di Rumah Plastik Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padja-djaran Kampus Jatinangor, dengan keting-gian tempat ± 853 m dpl. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) sederhana yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan kombinasi BAP dan Coumarin diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Konsentrasi BAP yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm dan konsentrasi coumarin yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian konsentrasi BAP dan coumarin memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil, jumlah buku, bobot kering …

Pengaruh Penambahan Arang Sekam Dan Jumlah Cabang Produksi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Hasil Dan Kualitas Buah Tomat Kultivar Doufu Hasil Sambung Batang Pada Inceptisol Jatinangor, Nasrulloh, Tino Mutiarawati, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tomat beef merupakan salah satu jenis tomat yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Salah satu teknik budidaya yang dapat diguna-kan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman tomat yaitu perbaikan media tanam dengan penambahan arang sekam dan mengatur jumlah cabang produksi. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mempelajari berbagai dosis arang sekam dan jumlah cabang produksi yang baik untuk pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Terkendali, Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah penambahan arang sekam dengan empat taraf: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan anak petak adalah jumlah cabang produksi dengan dua …

Analisis Penurunan Produksi Tanaman Padi Akibat Perubahan Iklim Di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat, Ruminta

Jurnal Kultivasi

Perubahan iklim mempunyai pengaruh signifikan pada budidaya tanaman padi, karena budidaya tanaman padi mempunyai ketergan-tungan yang kuat terhadap unsur iklim terutama curah hujan dan temperatur. Terkait dengan hal itu telah dilakukan kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produksi tanaman padi di wilayah kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan unsur iklim (curah hujan dan temperature) terhadap produksi tanaman padi dan mengidentifikasi usaha adaptasi yang harus dilakukan oleh para petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah kabupaten Bandung sudah dirasakan oleh petani yang diindikasikan oleh bergesernya musim tanam dan waktu panen, penurunan luas tanam dan …

Studi Efektivitas Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 Gl-1 Sebagai Pengendali Gulma Pada Budidaya Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.), Uum Umiyati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian lapangan bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas herbisida berbahan aktif Oksifluorfen 240 gL-1. Sebagai pengendali gulma umum pada tanaman bawang merah. Percobaan dilakukan di desa Cikuya kecamatan Banjarharjo kabupaten Brebes dari bulan Oktober – Desember 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan dan 7 perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri dosis herbisida oksifluorfen 240 gaiL-1dengan dosis 1,00; 1,50; 2,00; 2,50 dan 3,00 l/hektar, penyiangan secara manual dan tanpa pengendalian herbisida maupun penyiangan (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa herbisida oksifluorfen 240 gaiL-1 dengan dosis 1,5–3 l/ha efektif mengen-dalikan gulma dominan tanaman bawang merah seperti Cynodon dactylon, Echinocloa colona, Cyperus iria …

Rekayasa Source – Sink Dengan Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Benih Kentang Di Dataran Medium Desa Margawati Kabupaten Garut, Anne Nuraini, Yayat Rochayat Suradinata, Dedi Widayat

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi kentang dipengaruhi oleh keter-sediaan benihnya. Kurangnya pasokan atau ketersediaan benih kentang akan berpengaruh pada produksi kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kualitas ubi kentang G2 yang dihasilkan dengan sistem Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) di lapangan. Percobaan dilakukan pada dataran medium di Garut dengan ketinggian tempat sekitar 700 m di atas permukaan laut untuk menghasilkan benih kentang G3 dengan perlakuan aplikasi sitokinin 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/L dan paklobutrazol 0, 15, 30 dan 45 ml/L. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi sitokinin yaitu: 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/L, dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi …

Information Thermodynamics Of Cytosine Dna Methylation, Robersy Sanchez Rodriguez, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cytosine DNA methylation (CDM) is a stable epigenetic modification to the genome and a widespread regulatory process in living organisms that involves multicomponent molecular machines. Genome-wide cytosine methylation patterning participates in the epigenetic reprogramming of a cell, suggesting that the biological information contained within methylation positions may be amenable to decoding. Adaptation to a new cellular or organismal environment also implies the potential for genome-wide redistribution of CDM changes that will ensure the stability of DNA molecules. This raises the question of whether or not we would be able to sort out the regulatory methylation signals from the CDM background …

Proceedings Of The 43rd Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 9-10, 2016, Pensacola Beach, Florida), Trey Price, Tom Allen, Travis Faske, Eduardo Chagas Da Silva

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Schedule

Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2015. TW Allen, CA Bradley, JP Damicone, NS Dufault, TR Faske, CA Hollier, T Isakeit, RC Kemerait, NM Kleczewski, SR Koenning, HL Mehl, JD Mueller, C Overstreet, PP Price, EJ Sikora, TN Spurlock, and H Young

Soilborne Disease Symposium (Tom Allen, moderator)

Integrated management of sudden death syndrome. D Mueller, L Leandro, Y Kandel, C Bradley, M Chilvers, A Tenuta, and K Wise

Field screening for stem canker: an outdated exercise or a necessary service for soybean growers? K Rowe and T Kirkpatrick

Nematode associated diseases in soybean. C Overstreet, …

Ws-2 Introgression In A Proportion Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Col-0 Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes And Highlights The Importance Of Routine Genetic Verification, Mon-Ray Shao, Vikas Shedge, Hardik Kundariya, Fredric R. Lehle, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and genetics. Recently, we noticed that some seed from a common source of the widely used Columbia-0 (Col-0) strain gave rise to plants showing features atypical for this strain. Whole-genome DNA-sequencing and allelespecific PCR assays confirmed that the abnormal individuals contain multiple introgressions from the ecotype Wassilewskija-2 (Ws-2), as described below. This …

Student-Conducted Farmer Video Interviews, Jenn K. Simons, Justin Van Wart, Charles Francis, Kristyn Harms

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

High school agricultural education teachers have expressed concern about the lack of easily accessible educational materials dealing with contemporary topics in sustainable agriculture. There are numerous textbooks and monographs available for farmers and students at the college level, including the highly practical resources available from the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) book series on soil fertility (Magdoff and van Es, 2010), cover crops (Bowman et al., 2007) and building a farm business (DiGiacomo et al., 2003), among others. Although these are full of color photos and easily accessible graphs and tables, they are still in the print media category. …

Arsenic Analysis: Comparative Arsenic Groundwater Concentration In Relation To Soil And Vegetation, Rominna E. Valentine Vecorena

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Arsenic (As) is a toxic semi-metallic element found in groundwater, soils, and plants. Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the distribution of arsenic in the environment. Arsenic’s toxic and mobile behavior is associated with its speciation ability. There are two types of arsenic available to the environment, inorganic and organic arsenic. Of the two, inorganic arsenic is more toxic to humans and more mobile in the environment. Two inorganic compounds responsible for arsenic contamination are trivalent arsenite, As (III), and pentavalent arsenate, As (V). Trivalent arsenate is considered to be more soluble, toxic, and mobile than pentavalent arsenate. Arsenic’s absorptive …

Impact Assessment Of Integrated Pest Management (Ipm) Strategy For Suppression Of Mango-Infesting Fruit Flies In Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Gracious M. Diiro, Sarah W. Kingori, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Peterson W. Nderitu, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

We utilized two waves of data collected from a sample of mango farmers in Meru County in Kenya to evaluate the impact of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for controlling fruit flies in mango-production. We specifically explored the effect of five IPM practices including parasitoids (p) and Metarhizium anisopliae-based biopesticides (biop), orchard sanitation (os), spot spray of food bait (fb) and male annihilation technique (mat) on three outcome indicators: farmer pesticide expenditure, farm-level mango fruit yield losses and profit. We fitted difference-in-difference and household fixed effects regression models that account for unobserved heterogeneity across households. Our estimates differentiated the impact …

Comparative Evaluation Of The Effect Of Methyl Bromide Fumigation And Phytosanitary Irradiation On The Quality Of Fresh Strawberries, Tamar Serapian, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Fresh strawberries are highly perishable and have a short shelf-life especially when the cold chain is not maintained. Strawberries exported to Asia are currently fumigated with methyl bromide for phytosanitary purposes, which exposes strawberries to warm temperatures for several hours and air freight without temperature control, resulting in a shelf life of just a few days in the destination country. Irradiation offers an efficacious alternative to fumigation and can be performed on cold fruit. This study was conducted to compare the quality of strawberries subject to methyl bromide fumigation or irradiation followed by simulated commercial air freight shipment of strawberries …

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2015, Fred Bourland, A. Beach, C. Kennedy, L. Martin, A. Rouse, B. Robertson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production.

Influence Of Temperature On Intra- And Interspecific Resource Utilization Within A Community Of Lepidopteran Maize Stemborers, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Paul Andre Calatayud, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fritz Schulthess, Bruno Pierre Le Ru

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Competition or facilitation characterises intra- And interspecific interactions within communities of species that utilize the same resources. Temperature is an important factor influencing those interactions and eventual outcomes. The noctuid stemborers, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis and the crambid Chilo partellus attack maize in sub-Saharan Africa. They often occur as a community of interacting species in the same field and plant at all elevations. The influence of temperature on the intra- And interspecific interactions among larvae of these species, was studied using potted maize plants exposed to varying temperatures in a greenhouse and artificial stems kept at different constant temperatures …