Agricultural Science Commons^™

Genomics-Assisted Characterization Of A Breeding Collection Of Apios Americana, An Edible Tuberous Legume, Vikas Belamkar, Andrew Farmer, Nathan T. Weeks, Scott R. Kalberer, William J. Blackmon, Steven B. Cannon

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

For species with potential as new crops, rapid improvement may be facilitated by new genomic methods. Apios (Apios americana Medik.), once a staple food source of Native American Indians, produces protein-rich tubers, tolerates a wide range of soils, and symbiotically fixes nitrogen. We report the first high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly, an expression atlas, and a set of 58,154 SNP and 39,609 gene expression markers (GEMs) for characterization of a breeding collection. Both SNPs and GEMs identify six genotypic clusters in the collection. Transcripts mapped to the Phaseolus vulgaris genome–another phaseoloid legume with the same chromosome number–provide provisional genetic …

Plants Having Increased Bomass And Methods For Making The Same, Aleel K. Grennan, Donald R. Ort, Stephen Patrick Moose, Damla D. Bilgin, Thomas Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Stephen P. Long

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The impact of plastid size change in both monocot and dicot plants has been examined. In both, when plastid size is increased there is an increase in biomass relative to the parental lines. Thus, provided herein are methods for increasing the biomass of a plant, comprising decreasing the expression of at least one plastid division protein in a plant. Optionally, the level of chlorophyll in the plant is also reduced.

Testing Predictions Used To Build An Agrivoltaics Installation On A Small-Scale Educational Model, Katie Kinney, Rebecca Minor, Greg Barron-Gafford

STAR Program Research Presentations

Models are valuable tools for explaining and testing systems. Small-scale models can be especially useful for educational purposes. For models to be useful, they have to accurately depict the larger system that they are describing. A novel man-made system, known as an agrivoltaic structure, is being constructed at Biosphere 2 near Oracle, Arizona. The word agrivoltaic is a combination of agriculture and photovoltaics, or solar farming. My research involved creating a small-scale version of this system for educational purposes. The model of this system tested two predictions: that plants will grow better in the shade of a panel and that …

Rabbit Control: Bait Stations, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet provides information on using bait stations for rabbit control.

Biological control agents such as the myxoma virus (myxomatosis), and rabbit haemorraghic disease virus (RHDV) or rabbit calicivirus disease, will not provide ‘magic bullets’ for reducing the impact of rabbits on agricultural production and the environment. Biological agents are more effective when they form part of an integrated approach to rabbit control. An integrated approach should use all available control options, including biological control, the use of vertebrate pesticides, shooting, and trapping programs. Control programs are most effective when they include the greatest number of properties possible (that is, …

Report Card On Sustainable Natural Resource Use In The Rangelands - Status Trend In The Pastoral Rangelands Of Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Natural resources published reports

This report card provides a regional overview of the status and trend of the natural resource base of the pastoral rangelands in Western Australia (WA).

The overview information is intended for the use of pastoral lessees, other rangeland and pastoral managers, and industry and government decision-makers with an interest in pastoral areas.

This report covers the pastoral lease areas of the 2.2 million square kilometres of rangelands in WA (87% of the state). Pastoral leases cover 857 833km* or 40% of the rangelands, based on active leases as at June 2016. The rangelands and lease areas cover 20 Australian bioregions …

Frequency And Time Pattern Differences In Acoustic Signals Produced By Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) And Sitophilus Zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Stored Maize, A. W. Njoroge, H. Affognon, C. Mutungi, B. Rohde, U. Richter, O. Hensel, R. W. Mankin

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Frequency spectra and timing patterns of brief, 1-10 ms broadband sound impulses produced by movement and feeding activities of Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais last instars and adults in maize were investigated to find spectral and temporal pattern information useful for distinguishing among these species and stages. The impulse spectra were categorized into five different types of frequency patterns (profiles), designated Broadband, HighF, MidF1, MidF2 and LowF to indicate differences in their peak energies and broadness of frequency range. Groups (trains) of three or more closely spaced impulses, termed bursts, were observed to occur frequently in all recordings, as has …

Effect Of Triple-Layer Hermetic Bagging On Mould Infection And Aflatoxin Contamination Of Maize During Multi-Month On-Farm Storage In Kenya, J. Ng'ang'a, C. Mutungi, S. Imathiu, H. Affognon

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Field trials were conducted in small-scale farmers' grain stores in an aflatoxin endemic region to assess the effect of storing maize in triple layer hermetic (PICS™) bags on aflatoxin contamination. Shelled maize grain was purchased from farmers, and filled into PICS bags, woven polypropylene (PP) and jute bags and kept in the farmers' own stores for 35 weeks. Grain moisture content, total mould count and mould incidence levels were examined at onset and after every 7 weeks during the 35 weeks of storage. Aflatoxin contamination was examined at onset, and after 14, 28 and 35 weeks. Ambient temperature and r.h. …

Agronomic Options For Profitable Rice-Based Farming System In Northern Australia, Siva Sivapalan

Books & book chapters

Minimum air temperatures less than 15°C had biggest impact on varietal performance. Cold damage during the months of June and July warrants selection of varieties with cold tolerance for this environment, especially for the aerobic rice system. Ponded water has 4-8°C advantage over the air temperature, thus providing some protection against such cold damage. This has resulted in higher yields under flooded system. Planting dates, varying from late-February to late-May, were found to play a crucial role for plants to escape the low temperature damage at critical growth stages. Among the varieties tested, selected tropical varieties yielded higher than the …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2015, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Farmers' Knowledge And Perception Of Grain Legume Pests And Their Management In The Eastern Province Of Kenya, Andnet Abtew, Saliou Niassy, Hippolyte Affognon, Sevgan Subramanian, Serge Kreiter, Giovanna Tropea Garzia, Thibaud Martin

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, …

Survey Of Nematodes Associated With Terrestrial Slugs In Norway, J. L. Ross, E. S. Ivanova, B. A. Hatteland, M. B. Brurberg, S. Haukeland

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

A survey of nematodes associated with terrestrial slugs was conducted for the first time in Norway. A total of 611 terrestrial slugs were collected from 32 sample sites. Slugs were identified by means of morphological examination, dissection of genitalia and molecular analysis using mitochondrial DNA. Twelve slug species were identified, representing four different slug families. Internal nematodes were identiï¬'d by means of morphological analysis and the sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Of the sample sites studied, 62.5% were found to be positive for nematode parasites, with 18.7% of all slugs discovered being infected. Five nematode species were identified in …

Pengaruh Kerapatan Naungan Dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis Trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw), Nadiyah Mia Audina, Yudithia Maxiselly, Santi Rosniawaty

Jurnal Kultivasi

Intensitas cahaya matahari dan penyiraman tanaman memegang peranan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman serta merupakan bahan baku proses fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerapatan naungan dan frekuensi penyiraman yang optimal terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kemiri sunan. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di kebun percobaan Ciparanje, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat 725 meter di atas permukaan laut pada bulan November 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah perlakuan kerapatan naungan yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu: tanpa naungan, naungan 35% dan naungan 25%. Anak petak adalah …

Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Hasil Benih Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Yang Diberi Pupuk Organik Padat Dan Pupuk Organik Cair Chitosan, Anne Nuraini, Denny Sobardini, Erni Suminar, H. Apriyanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara jenis pupuk organik padat dan pupuk organik cair (POC) chitosan yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas dan kualitas hasil benih buncis tegak. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Maret 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik padat terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu tanpa pupuk organik padat, pupuk kandang ayam, dan kascing. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi POC chitosan terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu: 0 ml L-1, 1,5 ml L-1, 3 …

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pelapisan Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Terdeteriorasi Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai, Sumadi, P. Suryatmana, Denny Sobardini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kualitas benih akan mempengaruhi dinamika pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji respons benih terdeteriorasi terhadap aplikasi berbagai pelapis benih, baik berupa insektisida maupun pelapis hayati berupa suspensi mikroorganisma yang dicerminkan dengan peningkatan laju tumbuh tanaman. Penelitian merupakan percobaan petak terbagi dua faktor, yaitu tingkat deteriorasi (D) yang terdiri dari benih berkualitas baik (DB = 84 %) dan benih terdeteriorasi (DB = 75 %). Pelapis benih yang digunakan terdiri dari Thiametoxam, Rhizobium sp, Azotobakter sp, campuran Azotobakter sp + Rhizobium sp, dan Trichoderma sp. Hasil Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara tingkat deteriorasi benih dengan jenis pelapis …

Efikasi Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 G/L Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Pada Budidaya Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L), Uum Umiyati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah menguji keefektifan dari herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dalam mengendalikan gulma umum pada budidaya padi sawah sistem pindah tanam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pertanian Desa Barepan Kecamatan Plumbon Kabupaten Cirebon. Waktu pelaksanaan percobaan dimulai dari bulan Mei – Agustus 2016. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Untuk menguji nilai tengah perlakuan yang berbeda digunakan uji lanjut Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.2 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.8 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l …

Pengujian Efektivitas Berbagai Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin Terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas Mikro Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Secara In Vitro, Bella Dian Ratnasari., Erni Suminar, Anne Nuraini, Ade Ismail

Jurnal Kultivasi

Perbanyakan tanaman pisang secara konvensional dengan menggunakan bonggol atau anakan (sucker) secara terus menerus dapat menurunkan kualitas dan memerlukan waktu lama serta meningkatkan terjadinya serangan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, suatu upaya untuk menghasilkan bibit yang memiliki kualitas baik dalam waktu yang cepat dapat menggunakan kultur in vitro. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh laju multiplikasi yang tinggi dengan penggunaan salah satu jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin pada kultur in vitro tanaman pisang kepok kuning. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2015 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari …

Respons Pertumbuhan, Hasil, Dan Kualitas Hasil Buncis Tegak Terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Kompos Dan Interval Panen Pada Inceptisols Jatinangor, Kusumiyati, Wawan Sutari, N. Raniska

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi buncis yang menurun mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya permintaan. Penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti kondisi lahan suboptimal dan kualitas hasil yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis kompos dan interval panen yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas hasil buncis tegak pada Inceptisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, di Ciparanje Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang pada ketinggian ±750 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl), selama bulan Februari – April 2016. Tipe iklim kawasan Jatinangor berdasarkan Oldeman adalah C3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 12 kombinasi …

Agro-Climatic Change, Crop Production And Mitigation Strategies-Case Studies In Arkansas, Usa And Kenya, John Westley Magugu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although climate change impacts vary geographically and temporally, studies at local levels are not readily available for stakeholders to better understand how their local communities would be affected and what remedial measures could be more effective in their local contexts. This dissertation has examined climate change and its impacts in two different local contexts: eastern Arkansas in the USA and Nyando in Kenya. The first part of this dissertation develops agro-meteorological indicators and examines the relationship between agro-meteorological indicators and crop yields in eastern Arkansas between 1960 and 2014. Results reveal that temperature based indicators were more strongly correlated to …

Morphological And Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Dry Bean Fungal Root Rot Pathogens In Zambia, Chikoti Mukuma

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dry bean is among the most important food legume crops for direct human consumption in Latin America and Africa. Recently, root and crown rot (RCR) has emerged as an important production constraint. Root and crown rot often involve fungal complexes. Thus, the straw, detached leaf, cup and stem tests were compared on their ability to detect the most common pathogens reported to be associated with RCR: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.Significant differences (P

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and classical fungal culturing methods were compared in identification of …

Determination Of Optimum Fall And Spring Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate For Maximizing Grain Yield Of Soft Red Winter Wheat Sown At Variable Planting Dates, Lucas Vasconcelos Vieira

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

An optimum planting date is important for winter wheat nitrogen (N) management as it dramatically changes the growing environment including temperature and moisture, ultimately affecting fertilizer efficiency and grain yield (GY). In Arkansas, high precipitation in the fall often forces farmers to delay planting and current Arkansas recommendations include the application of fall N when soft red winter wheat (SRWW) is sown later than optimum, despite the lack of data supporting this practice. This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N application on GY of SRWW sown at variable planting dates in Arkansas. Granular urea was split …