Agricultural Science Commons^™

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pelapisan Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Terdeteriorasi Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai, Sumadi, P. Suryatmana, Denny Sobardini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kualitas benih akan mempengaruhi dinamika pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji respons benih terdeteriorasi terhadap aplikasi berbagai pelapis benih, baik berupa insektisida maupun pelapis hayati berupa suspensi mikroorganisma yang dicerminkan dengan peningkatan laju tumbuh tanaman. Penelitian merupakan percobaan petak terbagi dua faktor, yaitu tingkat deteriorasi (D) yang terdiri dari benih berkualitas baik (DB = 84 %) dan benih terdeteriorasi (DB = 75 %). Pelapis benih yang digunakan terdiri dari Thiametoxam, Rhizobium sp, Azotobakter sp, campuran Azotobakter sp + Rhizobium sp, dan Trichoderma sp. Hasil Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara tingkat deteriorasi benih dengan jenis pelapis …

Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Hasil Benih Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Yang Diberi Pupuk Organik Padat Dan Pupuk Organik Cair Chitosan, Anne Nuraini, Denny Sobardini, Erni Suminar, H. Apriyanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara jenis pupuk organik padat dan pupuk organik cair (POC) chitosan yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas dan kualitas hasil benih buncis tegak. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Maret 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik padat terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu tanpa pupuk organik padat, pupuk kandang ayam, dan kascing. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi POC chitosan terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu: 0 ml L-1, 1,5 ml L-1, 3 …

Respons Pertumbuhan, Hasil, Dan Kualitas Hasil Buncis Tegak Terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Kompos Dan Interval Panen Pada Inceptisols Jatinangor, Kusumiyati, Wawan Sutari, N. Raniska

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi buncis yang menurun mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya permintaan. Penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti kondisi lahan suboptimal dan kualitas hasil yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis kompos dan interval panen yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas hasil buncis tegak pada Inceptisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, di Ciparanje Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang pada ketinggian ±750 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl), selama bulan Februari – April 2016. Tipe iklim kawasan Jatinangor berdasarkan Oldeman adalah C3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 12 kombinasi …

Pengujian Efektivitas Berbagai Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin Terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas Mikro Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Secara In Vitro, Bella Dian Ratnasari., Erni Suminar, Anne Nuraini, Ade Ismail

Jurnal Kultivasi

Perbanyakan tanaman pisang secara konvensional dengan menggunakan bonggol atau anakan (sucker) secara terus menerus dapat menurunkan kualitas dan memerlukan waktu lama serta meningkatkan terjadinya serangan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, suatu upaya untuk menghasilkan bibit yang memiliki kualitas baik dalam waktu yang cepat dapat menggunakan kultur in vitro. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh laju multiplikasi yang tinggi dengan penggunaan salah satu jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin pada kultur in vitro tanaman pisang kepok kuning. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2015 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari …

Efikasi Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 G/L Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Pada Budidaya Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L), Uum Umiyati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah menguji keefektifan dari herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dalam mengendalikan gulma umum pada budidaya padi sawah sistem pindah tanam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pertanian Desa Barepan Kecamatan Plumbon Kabupaten Cirebon. Waktu pelaksanaan percobaan dimulai dari bulan Mei – Agustus 2016. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Untuk menguji nilai tengah perlakuan yang berbeda digunakan uji lanjut Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.2 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.8 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l …

Agro-Climatic Change, Crop Production And Mitigation Strategies-Case Studies In Arkansas, Usa And Kenya, John Westley Magugu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although climate change impacts vary geographically and temporally, studies at local levels are not readily available for stakeholders to better understand how their local communities would be affected and what remedial measures could be more effective in their local contexts. This dissertation has examined climate change and its impacts in two different local contexts: eastern Arkansas in the USA and Nyando in Kenya. The first part of this dissertation develops agro-meteorological indicators and examines the relationship between agro-meteorological indicators and crop yields in eastern Arkansas between 1960 and 2014. Results reveal that temperature based indicators were more strongly correlated to …

Application Of Superabsorbent Polymers (Sap) As Desiccants To Dry Maize And Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination, Duncan O. Mbuge, Renata Negrini, Livine O. Nyakundi, Serge P. Kuate, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, William M. Muiru, Baldwyn Torto, Raffaele Mezzenga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The ability of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in drying maize and controlling aflatoxin contamination was studied under different temperatures, drying times and SAP-to-maize ratios. Temperature and drying time showed significant influence on the aflatoxin formation. SAP-to-maize ratios between 1:1 and 1:5 showed little or no aflatoxin contamination after drying to the optimal moisture content (MC) of 13 %, while for ratios 1:10 and 1:20, aflatoxin contamination was not well controlled due to the overall higher MC and drying time, which made these ratios unsuitable for the drying process. Results clearly show that temperature, frequency of SAP change, drying time and SAP-to-maize …

Morphological And Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Dry Bean Fungal Root Rot Pathogens In Zambia, Chikoti Mukuma

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dry bean is among the most important food legume crops for direct human consumption in Latin America and Africa. Recently, root and crown rot (RCR) has emerged as an important production constraint. Root and crown rot often involve fungal complexes. Thus, the straw, detached leaf, cup and stem tests were compared on their ability to detect the most common pathogens reported to be associated with RCR: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.Significant differences (P

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and classical fungal culturing methods were compared in identification of …

B. R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2015, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2015-2016, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

Understanding Variability In Crop Response To Fertilizer And Amendments In Sub-Saharan Africa, Job Kihara, Generose Nziguheba, Shamie Zingore, Adama Coulibaly, Anthony Esilaba, Vernon Kabambe, Samuel Njoroge, Cheryl Palm, Jeroen Huising

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Improved understanding of soil fertility factors limiting crop productivity is important to develop appropriate soil and nutrient management recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnostic trials were implemented in Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania, as part of the African Soils Information Service (AfSIS) project, to identify soil fertility constraints to crop production across various cropping systems and soil fertility conditions. In each country, one to three sites of 10 km × 10 km were included with each site having 12-31 field trials. The treatments tested included a control, an NPK treatment, three treatments in which the N, P and K nutrients …

Opposing Roles Of Foliar And Glandular Trichome Volatile Components In Cultivated Nightshade Interaction With A Specialist Herbivore, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Hillary Kirwa, Daisy Salifu, Baldwyn Torto

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Plant chemistry is an important contributor to the interaction with herbivores. Here, we report on a previously unknown role for foliar and glandular trichome volatiles in their interaction with the specialist herbivore of solanaceous plants, the tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi.We used various bioassays and chemical analyses including coupled gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) to investigate this interaction between cultivated African nightshades and T. evansi.We show that, whereas morphologically different cultivated African nightshade species released similar foliar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that attracted T. evansi, VOCs released …

Determination Of Optimum Fall And Spring Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate For Maximizing Grain Yield Of Soft Red Winter Wheat Sown At Variable Planting Dates, Lucas Vasconcelos Vieira

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

An optimum planting date is important for winter wheat nitrogen (N) management as it dramatically changes the growing environment including temperature and moisture, ultimately affecting fertilizer efficiency and grain yield (GY). In Arkansas, high precipitation in the fall often forces farmers to delay planting and current Arkansas recommendations include the application of fall N when soft red winter wheat (SRWW) is sown later than optimum, despite the lack of data supporting this practice. This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N application on GY of SRWW sown at variable planting dates in Arkansas. Granular urea was split …

Storage Of Pigeonpea Grain (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) In Hermetic Triple-Layer Bags Prevents Losses Caused By Callosobruchus Maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), H. D. Affognon, A. W. Njoroge, C. M. Mutungi, J. Manono, D. Baributsa, L. L. Murdock

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Dry pigeonpea grain is susceptible to infestation from the cowpea bruchid during storage. This study investigated the potential of Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS™) and polypropylene (PP) bags for reducing insect infestation under ambient laboratory conditions for six months. Some of the bags were artificially infested with cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (PICS1, PP1) while others were not (PICS0, PP0). In an additional trial, PP bags containing pigeonpeas were treated with Actellic Super® dust before being artificially infested (PP1Ac). Moisture content, number of live C. maculatus adults, grain damage, and weight loss were determined at monthly intervals. Temperature and relative humidity …

Development And Assessment Of A Groundwater Sustainability Index In Climatically Diverse Groundwater Irrigated Regions In Nebraska, Maria A. Mulet Jalil

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of regional change in ET on groundwater level changes and the assessment and development of a groundwater sustainability index for climatically diverse regions across Nebraska during 2000-2014. Irrigation in the selected regions is predominantly supplied by groundwater. The hypothesis is that groundwater use can become sustainable if the regional evapotranspiration (ET) is managed so that it equals the ET of vegetation that is native to the region. Site locations were Box Butte, Chase, Dundy, Holt LNNRD and York Counties and 3 ecosystems were evaluated: native vegetation, dryland and irrigated cropping …

Cross Species Selection Scans Identify Components Of C4 Photosynthesis In The Grasses, Pu Huang, Anthony J. Studer, James C. Schnable, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Thomas P. Brutnell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

C₄ photosynthesis is perhaps one of the best examples of convergent adaptive evolution with over 25 independent origins in the grasses (Poaceae) alone. The availability of high quality grass genome sequences presents new opportunities to explore the mechanisms underlying this complex trait using evolutionary biology-based approaches. In this study, we performed genome-wide cross-species selection scans in C₄ lineages to facilitate discovery of C₄ genes. The study was enabled by the well conserved collinearity of grass genomes and the recently sequenced genome of a C₃ panicoid grass, Dichanthelium oligosanthes. This method, in contrast to previous studies, …

Particular Applications Of Food Irradiation Fresh Produce, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

On fresh fruits and vegetables, irradiation at low and medium dose levels can effectively reduce microbial counts which can enhance safety, inhibit sprouting to extend shelf-life, and eliminate or sterilize insect pests which can serve to facilitate trade between countries. At the dose levels used for these purposes, the impact on quality is negligible. Despite the fact that regulations in many countries allow the use of irradiation for fresh produce, the technology remains under-utilized, even in the light of an increase in produce related disease outbreaks and the economic benefits of extended shelflife and reduced food waste. Putative concerns about …

A Heavy Metal P-Type Atpase Oshma4 Prevents Copper Accumulation In Rice Grain, Xin-Yuan Huang, Fenglin Deng, Naoki Yamaji, Shannon R.M. Pinson, Miho Fujii-Kashino, John Danku, Alex Douglas, Mary Lou Guerinot, David Salt, Jian Feng Ma

Dartmouth Scholarship

Rice is a major source of calories and mineral nutrients for over half the world's human population. However, little is known in rice about the genetic basis of variation in accumulation of copper (Cu), an essential but potentially toxic nutrient. Here we identify OsHMA4 as the likely causal gene of a quantitative trait locus controlling Cu accumulation in rice grain. We provide evidence that OsHMA4 functions to sequester Cu into root vacuoles, limiting Cu accumulation in the grain. The difference in grain Cu accumulation is most likely attributed to a single amino acid substitution that leads to different OsHMA4 transport …

Distribution Of Genomic Variation In The Usda Soybean Germplasm Collection And Relationship With Phenotypic Variation, Nonoy Batiller Bandillo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection harbors a large stock of genetic diversity with potential to accelerate soybean cultivar development. The extent and nature of favorable alleles contained in the collection are not well known nor is the distribution of genetic variation and how it relates to phenotypic variation. The genotyping of the entire USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection marked the beginning of a systematic exploration of genetic diversity for genetic research and breeding. In this research, we conducted the first comprehensive analysis of population structure on the collection of ~14,400 soybean accessions [Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. soja Siebold …

An Indirect Defence Trait Mediated Through Egg-Induced Maize Volatiles From Neighbouring Plants, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Toby J.A. Bruce, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett, Zeyaur R. Khan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Attack of plants by herbivorous arthropods may result in considerable changes to the plant's chemical phenotype with respect to emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). These HIPVs have been shown to act as repellents to the attacking insects as well as attractants for the insects antagonistic to these herbivores. Plants can also respond to HIPV signals from other plants that warn them of impending attack. Recent investigations have shown that certain maize varieties are able to emit volatiles following stemborer egg deposition. These volatiles attract the herbivore's parasitoids and directly deter further oviposition. However, it was not known whether these …