Agricultural Science Commons^™

Recommended Values For Dimensioning And Designing Sprinkler Irrigation In Industrialized Forage Plant Produc­Tion In The Gdr, Klaus Schwarz, Dieter Roth

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the transition to industrialized crop and animal production in the GDR, sprinkler irrigation of field forage plants and grassland, above all with sewage water and clean water +slurry mixtures, is becoming more and more important. It gets increasingly concentrated on field grass and grass/clover stands. The supple­mental water requirement is 210 to 270 mm/ year in case of clean-water sprinkling and up to 400 mm/year if sewage water is used. The hydro-modulus of the irrigation plants is be­tween 1.2 and 1.6 m3 /h/ha, depending on the simultaneity factor. In order to attain the required water quantity per unit of …

Meadow Crop Yields As Influenced By Distance From Sewage Feeder, Mieczyslaw Nowak, Maria Kukula

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments using the sewage of the river Ner for irrigation have shown that grassland situated close by. a feeder line (5 m) gave 48.1 % higher yields thaa grassland that is far from the sewage feeder (35 m). The response to fertilization (mainly with nitrogen) was, however, better on grassland situated far from the sewage feeder. Fertilization thus reduced the difference in yield between the two locations, close by and far from the feeder line.

The Yielding Capacity Of Meadows On Waterlogged Soils After Reclamation, S Grzyb

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiments reported in this paper were applied to 30 ha of lowland grassland bordering on a lateral retaining wall of a reservoir in the floodplain of river Bug. The site had been reclaimed by mounting an artificial sand layer (thickness between 20 cm and 100 cm). Grass­land yields on the reclaimed site rose eightfold. Sufficient moisture and normal fertilization contributed to an annual average yield of 8.25 tons of high-quality hay per hectare, following three two-year experiments on loose sand (without B-horizon).

The Productivity Of A Sown Grassland On Drained Low-Bog Soil As Influenced By Soil Moisture Regime And Fertilization, J Lukoshyavichyus, R Vaichyulite, A Vlasov, A Panamarevene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Yoke Branch of the Lithuanian Research Institute of Agriculture, within the frame of the programme for working out the fundamen­tals of a sound and reliable basis of raw ma­terials for producing feed pellets and wafers along industrial lines, experiments have been performed since 1972 for determining an effi­cient combination. of fertilization and soil moisture regime of sown grassland on drained low-bog soil. Field and laboratory experiments have shown that in the course of the growing season the optimum moisture regime in the root layer of the drained low-bog soil under investigation sho1,1ld range between the upper limit (which …

Floristic Changes In The Meadow Sward As A Result Of Different Moisture Content And Fertilization, Jozef Pronczuk, Henryk Pawlat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The linked effect of moisture and fertilization on the floristic composition of a meadow was investigated. In the work, results of the eight­year experiments in the Vistula valley near Warsaw with increasing NPK rates on a dif­ferently moistened meadow, situated on heavy alluvial soil, are presented. The high fertili­zation level reduced the number of species in the sward from 38 to 12 on arid sites, from 49 to 18 on optimally moistened sites, and from 38 to 16 on moist sites. Drought caused a re­cession of species, while the high moisture content showed an inverse effect. Owing to that, on …

Combining Effect Of Ground-Water Level And Nitrogen Fertilization On Grass Yields On Low-Bog Sites, Walter V.D Waydbrink

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Long-term trials conducted on 70 systemati􀀉 cally selected low-bog sites of the GDR have given the following results: With increasing thickness of the peat layer and declining ground-water levels the N miner­alization rate in the low-bog soils rises up to 300 kg N/ha thus allowing a corresponding reduction of N fertilization. On half-bog and sandy gley soils yield increments of 2.4 and 4. 7 t DM/ha were reached by raising the ground­water level and by applying N fertilizers. When these factors coincided, a yield increment of 10.4 t DM/ha was obtained on account of the combining effect. The grass stands …

Use Of Organic Fertilizers And A Comparison Of Their Effect In Meadow Grass Stands, A Klesnil, F Turek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of slurry on the quantitative and qualitative changes of a natural grass stand was studied in the foothill region of southern Bohemia at the altitude of 580 m a.s.l. The results of the study do not prove the view con­cerning the occurrence of weeds at slurry rates providing up to 83 kg K/ha, as it has been held in the meadow-management theory. The best results were obtained from two slurry applications per year (in spring and after the first cut) with an NP supplement in the form of mineral fertilizers. This approach provided a yield of 7.778 tons …

Effects Of Slurry On Field Grass, Hans Gorlitz, Heinrich Koriath, Heinz Lange, Fritz Asmus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field grass offers favourable conditions for the continuous application of slurry. Its effect is mainly based on its content of soluble N. In summer, sprinkling is preferred to spreading with bulk lorries. Slurry doses of up to 200 kg N/ha do not reveal any significant after­effects as regards the regrowths. A combi­nation of field grass and a large amount of slurry results in an accumulation of C and N in the soil, which has a significant after-effect after fallowing.

Boron Fertilization In Different Types Of Mountain Meadows, E S. Kazaryan, M M. Melikyan, R G. Della-Rossa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

(1) Boron fertilizers improved the yielding capacity of natural grassland at all altitudes of the mountain area under review. Ef­fectiveness was found to depend on the type of the given plant stand as well as on the quantities, deadlines and methods of fertilizer application.

(2) Boron microfertilization improved the bo­tanical and chemical composition of hay and pasture forage in the plant stands of all types of mountain meadows.

(3) The studies also revealed high economic efficiency of boron microfertilizers,. partic­ularly of boronic mineral water, in the context of natural meadows and pastures, and of comprehensive aerial topdressing with these fertilizers.

Effect Of Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum And Cobalt On Develop­ Ment, Yield And Hay Quality Of Lucerne, B Miskovic, P Eric, M Pantovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of zinc, copper, molybdenum and cobalt exerted on the development, yield and quality of various cultivated plants is favourable in many ways. Our studies of their application in the nutrition of luceme in a pot experiment and field trials on chernozem soil were carried out to determine the effect of the above micro­elements on the yield, development and quality of lucerne hay, when applied togeµier with NPK fertilizers. The results of our experiments have shown that the application of these microelements, especially of zinc and copper, together with NPK fertilizers resulted in considerable increase of lucerne hay yields …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization Of Pastures On The Cu, Fe And Zn Content In Fodder And Blood Of Dairy Cows, Kazimerz Rybak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results of one of the grazing experiments carried out in the period 1971-1975 are dis­cussed. In the experiment two rates of N fer­tilization were applied: 60 and 120 kg per hectare under each regrowth, i.e. 360-420 and 720-840 kg N/ha per year, respectively. Rates of phosphorus and potassium fertili­zation remained unchanged: 120 kg P2O5 and 160 kg K2O per hectare. High N rates led to an increase of the Cu and Zn contents and an Fe content decrease in plants, and stimulated the Cu and Fe absorption but reduced the Zn absorption by high-yielding cows. A drop of the Cu …

Effect Of Microelements Application On The Production Of Sown Grasslands On Eroded Soil In The Mountains, Milan Mijatovic, Milutin Pantovic, Milenko Glintic, Jasna Pavesic-Popovic, Miodrag Jakovjevic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Contrary to numerous information in the lit­erature regarding permanent grassland, the experimental data show a smaller effect of the application of microelements on the yields of sown grassland. The highest effect has Cu, whereas the yield has been diminished by application of B and Zn. The application of microelements changed the botanical compo­sition of the grassland. The majority of micro­elements effected favourably the increase of the N content as well as the content of crude protein in the forage, above all Mo, Mn, Cu, and Zn. In all variants the content of P2O5 and K2 0 in the forage was …

The Determination Of The Optimal Content Of Mobile Phosphorus And Potassium In Soils For Grassland Swards, Vadim Melnichuk, Lyudmila Fedorova, Nikolai Panferov, Valentina Pachkovskaya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results are reported of field experiments aimed at determining the optimal content of available P and K in soils under grassland with the view of dimensioning fertilizer applications more precisely. The P2O5 and K2O levels in the soil are understood to be optimal if the P and K fertilizers applied (with NK and NP basal fer­tilization, respectively) help to produce maxi­mum forage yields with significant yield in­crement, and adequate P and K levels in the plants to guarantee normal plant growth. The experiments were arranged according to the split-plot design. The effectiveness of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers …

The Effect Of Splitting Phosphorus And Potassium Applica­Tion With Regard To Mineral Contents And Grass Yield Of Digitaria Decumbens Stent. (Pangola) With Irrigation, Abel Avila Lopez, Gonzalo Ocampo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

During three years a research was made on the influence of splitting PK (1, 2, 4, and 6 appli­cations) on pangola grass on a tropical brown soil, with the use of a Latin square design. The doses used were 75 kg N/ha/cut; 200 kg P205 / ha/year, and 250 kg K2O/ha/year. The treat­ments presented no difference with respect to· the production of dry matter, both by year and in the final complex. During the dry season more dry matter was produced with the non-split form of PK. The mineral composition of the grass as well as its per cent content …

Effect Of Increasing Levels Of Phosphorus And Three Types Of Soil On Glycine Wightii In Cuba, T Ruiz, J R. Ayala

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A factorial design with 4 replications was used to study the effect of increasing levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg P/ha) in three tropical soils (red, brown, and gley) on Glycine wightii in a glasshouse exper­iment. The highest DM yields were achieved with the brown soil. Levels of 30 kg P/ha always increased yields in all the soils used (P < 0.01) but no differences were found with higher P applications. In general, P in plant tops was not related with the levels of P applied. K tended to decrease as the levels of phosphorus increased. None of the treatments used in­fluenced Ca and Mg. A similar work is suggested to be carried out in the field.

Effect Of Phosphorus And Potassium Topdressing On Dry Matter Yield And N, P, K, Ca And Mg Contents Of Alfalfa­ Orchardgrass And Ladino Clover-Orchardgrass Mixtures (1970-1974, Or The 11th-15th Years Of Stand), Mack Drake, W G. Colby, Hisatomo Oohara, Norihito Yoshida, Yoichi Oohara, Kazuo Fukunaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present study shows that when an adequate amount of P and K topdressing is applied, the persistence of forage stand can be maintained, considerably high levels of dry matter yield can be secured, and the contents of N, P, K and other nutrients can be kept at normal levels for the forage mixture grown under the natural environment (climate and soil condi­tions) as with this experiment.

Determination Of The Potassium Fertilizer Requirements Of Meadow Soils In The Gd R, Manfred Kerschberger, Dietmar Richter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chemical Products Industry in Prahovo in cooperation with agricultural stations in eastern and south-eastern Serbia in the period 1968 to 1974 organized demonstration experiments in 33 locations with the fertilization of natural grassland. The experiments had three variants: I = non­fertilized; II = fertilized with 300 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer 14 : 14 : 14 ; and III = fertilized with 600 kg/ha of the before-mentioned fer­tilizer. The following results were obtained: Fertilization with 300 kg/ha of NPK fer­tilizer 14: 14: 14 (active matter 42 kg N, 42 kg P, 42 kg K) increased the yields (compared to the non-fertilized …

Productive And Economic Effects Of Npk Fertilizer Utiliza­Tion On The Natural Grassland In Eastern And South-Eastern Serbia, N Miladinovic, J Rajkovic, M Rukavina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chemical Products Industry in Prahovo in cooperation with agricultural stations in eastern and south-eastern Serbia in the period 1968 to 1974 organized demonstration experiments in 33 locations with the fertilization of natural grassland. The experiments had three variants: I = non­fertilized; II = fertilized with 300 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer 14 : 14 : 14 ; and III = fertilized with 600 kg/ha of the before-mentioned fer­tilizer. The following results were obtained: Fertilization with 300 kg/ha of NPK fer­tilizer 14: 14: 14 (active matter 42 kg N, 42 kg P, 42 kg K) increased the yields (compared to the non-fertilized …

The Intensive Utilization Of Flooded Grassland Northern Forest Steppe Of The Ukraine, A Bogovin, I Kopysterinski, N Kuksin, I Palamarchuk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Periodically flooded grasslands covering vast areas are a major resource of forage produc­tion in the Ukraine. Irrigation and fertiliza­tion are major factors in raising yields from such grassland. Under irrigation and grazing use, the optimum fertilizer rate was found to be 240 kg N + 60 kg P + 90 kg K/ha. With this fertilizer rate (nitrogen being applied in split dressings) and under ration grazing of natural pastures, herbage yields of approximately 10 t DM/ha are obtained, whilst seeded swards produce 12 t DM/ha and more.

Qualitative And Quantitative Changes In Yield From Sown Grassland At Varying Rates And Proportions Of N, P And K Fertilization, L Yu Kadzhyulis, V A. Vasilyauskene, Ya Yu Banikonene, L I. Brunene, N F. Daugelene, T P. Tamulis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Between 1972 and 1975, in 4 locations of sown pastures and meadows research workers of the Lithuanian Research Institute of Agri­culture conducted a factorial experiment using the following fertilizer rates: O; 120, 240 kg N/ha, up to 180 kg P2O5/ha, and up to 240 -360 kg K2 O/ha. The experiment was per­formed with a view to studying the fertilizer effect on dry matter yield as well as on the botanical and chemical composition of the forage. The following rates and proportions of N, P2O5, and K2O (in kg/ha) proved to be most effective in the locations tested: Dotnuva (non-acid loamy …