The Influence Of Formalin Addition On The Quality Of Silages Made Of Meadow Grass, Alfalfa Or Red Clover,
2026
Instytut Zootechniczny Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej
The Influence Of Formalin Addition On The Quality Of Silages Made Of Meadow Grass, Alfalfa Or Red Clover, Witold Podkowka, Janina Janas, Jan Mikolajczak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From 1974 to 1976, experiments were carried out on the influence of different doses of formalin and of mixtures of formalin + other preservatives (formalin + sodium benzoate; formalin + sulphuric acid) on the quality of silages made of meadow grass, alfalfa, or red clover, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein in the silages made of alfalfa or red clover was examined and defined on sheep. The investigations revealed that the effect of formalin was dependent on the raw material ensiled. Ensiling meadow grass or red clover yielded good results, but there was almost no effect after ensiling alfalfa. Good …
The Effects Of Mixtures Of Formalin And Acid On Silage Fermentation,
2026
The Grassland Research Institute
The Effects Of Mixtures Of Formalin And Acid On Silage Fermentation, Robert F. Wilson, Roger J. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three experiments are described in which herbages were ensiled in test-tube silos without additive or after the addition of mixtures containing formalin with formic, sulphuric or phosphoric acid in order to restrict fermentation in the silo. Silages containing less than 5 % of the dry matter as fermentation acids and with low contents of ammonia were produced with mixtures containing either 0.1 % of the fresh crop weight as formaldehyde with 10 meq of formic or sulphuric acid/ 100 g of crop or with 0.2 % of formaldehyde with 5 meq of either acid. Phosphoric acid was less effective than …
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages,
2026
Forschungszentrum fiir Tierproduktion Dummerstorf/Rostock
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages, F Weissbach, Ehrengard Hein, L Schmidt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The method for wilted silage production along industrial lines should be completed by adding an effective preservative to the green forage when weather conditions do not allow its adequate wilting. Formic acid has proved suitable for that purpose. To obtain reliable preservation effects it is necessary to consider the limits within which formic acid has the desired effect, as well as the dosis required for the prevailing conditions. These figures must be derived for a particular forage crop from its dry matter content (DM %) and sugar/ buffering capacity ratio (S/BC). The range over which formic acid has the desired …
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia,
2026
Martin Luther Universitat Halle-Wittenberg
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia, Kate Frauenstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In case of Claviceps purpurea(Fr.) Tul. different physiological forms exist that stand out for preferred infestation of certain species of grasses. In the conidia contained in honeydew longish and circular types can be distinguished. The shape of the conidia, however, is determined primarily by the respective host plant and cannot be regarded as characteristic feature of a special form of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic, H E. Schimdt, H Kleinhempel, H B. Schmidt, V Valenta, M Musil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Based on serological, electronoptical investigations and using test plants, 13 viruses were detected on leguminous forage crops. Most of the 44 natural virus-host combinations were caused by infections with bean yellow mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, and pea enation mosaic virus.
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L.,
2026
Pflanzenschutzamt des Bezirkes Karl-Marx-Stadt
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L., Manfred Ahnert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On the basis of three-year investigations conducted in the County of Karl-Marx-Stadt, an outline is given of both the economic importance and control of Amaurosoma spp. Special emphasis is laid on the factors that influence abundance and infestation, on the damage from larval eating on the false spikes, on seed losses, and on the results of experiments for chemical control. Furthermore, the possibilities are discussed that exist for limiting infestation levels by tillage and crop husbandry operations on the transition to industrial methods of production in socialist agriculture.
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production,
2026
Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production, Theo Wetzel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The total white ears is one of the major diseases of forage grasses grown for seeds. Heavy losses are common in fescue species and in Poa pratensis L. While non-parasital factors can be neglected as a cause of the white ears, the tarsonemid mites, especially the species Siteroptes graminum (Reuter) and Steneotarsonemus spirifex (Marchal), are major animal pests. Limiting the period of use of such seed grass stands to a maximum of 2 years and the application of lindane and oleo-parathion preparations have proved effective control measures.
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward,
2026
The Grassland Research Institute
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward, R O. Clements, I F. Henderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a long-term experiment, substantial increases in herbage yield, of up to 24 %, have been obtained by applying large experimental doses of pesticides to a sward of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Good control of all the invertebrate fauna was achieved. The long-term absence of beneficial species such as earthworms has led to deleterious effects on soil structure with a consequent effect on yield improvements. Other observations show that the layer of leaf litter on the soil surface of pesticide-treated plots has built up considerably and that the bulk density of the soil in these plots has increased. …
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses,
2026
Auburn University
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses, C S. Hoveland, R L. Haaland, R Rodriguez-Kabana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nematodes in sandy soils of the southeastern U.S.A. are a major factor in reducing forage yields and stands of cool season perennial grasses such as orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). Soil treatment with methyl bromide or carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) nematicide has resulted in 30 to over 300 % increases in forage yields of these perennial grasses and of cool season annual grasses such as rye (Secale cereale L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). • Root pruning by the nematodes reduces effective rooting depth in terms of …
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands,
2026
Humboldt-University Berlin
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands, Helmut Bochow, Christian Zchimmer, Helga Delinsky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For direction in the control of blossom-damaging Apion species in red clover seed stands, a programme was developed to observe the pests by determining their population density on plants and blossom buds. In dependence on a threshold in the degree of pest attack, applications of insecticides were orientated to the time when the second clover growth developed green blossom buds. Best results were obtained with polychlorcamphen in higher dosages and at high temperatures. Applications of lindane, kelevan, and methoxychlor + lindane were not successful. The most frequent species of Apion were A. trifolii and A. apricans.
Relations Between Lucerne Grown For Forage And Insect Pests. Their Importance For The Control Of These Pests, Rene Bournoville
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The repartition of the main insect pests of lucerne forage production is described: during the sowing year weevils are less abundant than in the following years, the specific composition of the Sitona is also different. Several tables show the repartition of these pests on the different growth cycles: weevils are more abundant on the 1st and 2nd growths, biting insects on the 3rd and 4th. Date of cutting offers some means of control especially in autumn by preventing the populations of the pea aphid and eliminating the larvae of Apion pisi. We compare a North American variety selected for its …
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production,
2026
VEB
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Inge Stracke, Fritz Hofmann, Irmgard Meier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experimental results so far available reveal that in an integrated system of alfalfa/field grass production the systematic control of certain weed species will help to improve crop yield and crop quality, to facilitate tillage, to save material, and to cut labour expenditure. Likewise, is has been proved that the efficient application of herbicides is likely to gain ground as crop production is being increased through socialist intensification.
Resistance Of Tropical Pasture Species To Herbicides,
2026
Department of Primary Industry, Bubia, Papua New Guinea
Resistance Of Tropical Pasture Species To Herbicides, Punjabrao Amritrao Chadhokar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T at 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.48 per cent concentration in 7001/ha water on the resistance of young and old tropical legumes, and the effect of dalapon at 4 and 8 kg/ha and of glyphosate at l and 2 kg/ha in 1125 1/ha water on the resistance of the old tropical grasses were assessed. Amongst the legumes, stylo showed the highest resistance and siratro the least, both at young and old stages of growth, followed by puero and Greenleaf desmodium at the old stage, especially at lower rate of application of 2,4-D. The effect of …
Experimental Results With Various Herbicides In Established Alfalfa,
2026
University of Sarajevo
Experimental Results With Various Herbicides In Established Alfalfa, Taib Saric, Refik Numic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
5-year experiments with herbicides were run in the mixture of alfalfa, red clover, timothy grass, and Italian ryegrass. On untreated plots, in the 5-year average 72 weed plants were found per 1 m2 , belonging to 66 weed species. Among them most numerous were: Stellaria media, Veronica agrestis, Poa annua, Lamium purpureum,Taraxacum officinale, and Capsella bursa pastoris. The most efficient herbicide was Etazin, killing 88 % of weeds. None of the applied herbicides controlled perennial weeds. Etazin was tolerated by alfalfa, but was toxic to the other three crops. Kerb, Kerb-Mix, and Multitok were toxic to sown grasses, while …
Results Of Controlling Couchgrass (Agropyron Repens (L.) P.B.) With Sys 67® Omnidel (Na-Dcp) As A Practice To Intensify Forage Crop Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Werner Kuntze, Walter Drauschke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As new farming practices have developed, the methods of couchgrass control before growing forage crops have changed, too. To ensure adequate conditions for the establishment of forage crops, infestation with couchgrass can be successfully controlled by application of SYS 67® Omnidel. This practice also promotes adequate stand density and persistence of the forage crops and provides optimum conditions for the further intensification of forage crop production. The integrated control measures described should be taken before sowing, i.e. between late summer and autumn.
The Improvement Of Juncus Meadows On Temporarily Waterlogged Soils In The Socialist Republic Of Romania,
2026
LZIS Megurele
The Improvement Of Juncus Meadows On Temporarily Waterlogged Soils In The Socialist Republic Of Romania, Nikolae Simtea
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were carried out to improve meadows on temporarily waterlogged soils with 25 % of Juncus spp. in the sward. Under grazing conditions, Juncus was exterminated by applying 5 kg 2,4-D per hectare and year in the course of two years and cutting after each treatment. Complete destruction of Juncus spp. was reached by means of ploughing up and reseeding. After that practice Dactylis glomerata developed best. The seeded meadow responded well to fertilization. The highest yield increment (6.02 t DM/ha) was reached at fertilizer rates of 240 kg N, 90 kg P, and 90 kg K per hectare. The …
Findings On Interactions Between Herbicide Application And The Intensification Factors Nitrogen Fertilization And SuppleMental Sprinkling In Field Grass Stands,
2026
VEB Synthesewerk Schwarzheide, GDR
Findings On Interactions Between Herbicide Application And The Intensification Factors Nitrogen Fertilization And SuppleMental Sprinkling In Field Grass Stands, Klaus Sieberhein, Horst Stacke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experimental results so far obtained show that there may be interactions between herbicide application and the intensification factors nitrogen fertilization and supplemental sprinkling. Forthcoming investigations will help deepening the knowledge in this complex sphere. The research results may contribute to establishing optimum conditions regarding the use of the different factors of intensification, including herbicides, as a major prerequisite for obtaining maximum and secure yields from field grass.
On The Occurrence In Grassland Of Heterodera Longicaudata Seidel, 1972 And H. Punctata Thorne, 1928,
2026
Pflanzenschutzamt des Bezirkes Rostock, GDR
On The Occurrence In Grassland Of Heterodera Longicaudata Seidel, 1972 And H. Punctata Thorne, 1928, Mechthild Seidel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies into the occurrence of H. longicaudata have shown the widespread presence of this species, in addition to H. punctata, in all Districts of the County of Rostock. About 66 % of all grassland sites investigated were found to be infested. The degree of infestation increased along with the cultivation of excellent host plants as well as along with rising pH values. Both species were recordable also from arable land with high cropping concentrations of forage grasses and cereals. In the latter case, however, only 16 % of all fields investigated were infested, most of them to minor degrees.
Mechanical And Chemical Weed Control In Perennial Forage Plant Stands,
2026
All-Union Williams Forage Research Institute
Mechanical And Chemical Weed Control In Perennial Forage Plant Stands, Yuri Kanygin, Tamara Fedonina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An outline is given of the results of weed control in red clover, alfalfa, goat's rue, and timothy. In red clover stands for seed production, Basagran and Basagran M (1.5 to 3.01/ha) reached high selectivity and efficiency when combined with mechanical cultivation, weed infestation in the stands being reduced by 78-89 % and the share of weed seeds in clover seeds going down to 8.3 %- The advantages of Basagran (1.5 1/ha) over 2,4-DB (2.0 I/ha) were evident in alfalfa. Treatment with Basagran (3.0 1/ha) and 2,4-DB (2.0 1/ha) of goat's rue in the first year of growth helped to …
Irrigation With Sewage -An Effective Procedure For InCreasing The Yield Performance Of Grassland As Well As For Protecting Inland Waters Against Pollution,
2026
All-Union Research Institute for Agricultural Use of Sewage Water
Irrigation With Sewage -An Effective Procedure For InCreasing The Yield Performance Of Grassland As Well As For Protecting Inland Waters Against Pollution, V M. Novikov, N A. Kovaleva, V P. Sayapin, L F. Mikheeva, M I. Demina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilization of sewage for irrigation purposes is an effective procedure for increasing the yield performance of grassland as well as for protecting inland waters against pollution. Compared with irrigation only during the growing season, all-season use of sewage is more effective in increasing forage production and reducing both the quantity of sewage diverted into inland waters and the deficit of irrigation water. By way of science-based choice of the irrigation regime, the perennial forage plant species, and their kind ofutilization, 8.0-10.0 tons and more of high-quality dry matter can be obtained per hectare, with 6,000-7,000 m3 of sewage being …
