Estimation Of Dry Matter And Lignin Distributions In Maize Internodes By Micro-Surgical Tissue Separation,
2024
Miyazaki University
Estimation Of Dry Matter And Lignin Distributions In Maize Internodes By Micro-Surgical Tissue Separation, O Kawamura, N Niijima, M Niimi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The second, 5th and 8th internodes, counting from the lowest internode, taken from the heading, milk-ripe and full-ripe maize (Zea mays L), were dissected into fractions of epidermis (EPI), sclerenchyma (SCL), vascular bundle (VB) and pith parenchyma (PITH). The proportion of dry weight of VB to the total dry weight were smallest (8-13%), followed by EPI (15-22%) and SCL (15-30%) and PITH (43-58%). These values differed entirely from the proportions of area for the fractions on the cross-cut section. The lignin concentration, in the most case, was in the order of; EPI > SCL > VB > PITH. From the bottom toward the …
Qualitative Parameters Of Two Cultivare Of Panicum Maximum, Jacq. Under Grazing,
2024
Universidade Estadual Paulista
Qualitative Parameters Of Two Cultivare Of Panicum Maximum, Jacq. Under Grazing, B Lempp, J.M B. Ezequiel, J.M Dos Dantos, A H. Zimmer, V Favorette, C F. Damiao, F.J W. Cattelan, L.F C. Defigueuredo, A P. Martins Jr
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two Panicum maximum cultivars were studied with respect to forage leaf blade availability and extrusa through chemical parameters, tissue proportion and degradation. It was concluded by observing digestive residues that the studies qualitative parameters did not show indication of higher fragility of the cultivar ‘Aruana’ in relation the cultivar ‘Vencedor’.
Herbage Quality At Continuous Grazing With Dairy Cows At Different N-Intakes And Sward Types,
2024
Danish Institute of Plant Sciences
Herbage Quality At Continuous Grazing With Dairy Cows At Different N-Intakes And Sward Types, K Soegaard, O Aaes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage quality was examined in paddocks continuously grazed by dairy cows fed supplements with low and high N. There were two sward types for each level of supplement, i.e. fertilized perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) and unfertilized perennial ryegrass/white clover (Trifolium repens L) with a mean clover content of 49 % of dry matter. Decreasing N-intake from 307 to 140 g N cow -1 d -1 by feeding low-N supplements had a small influence on herbage quality in spite of the reduced N-output via urine and faeces. Variation in herbage quality was large during the growing season. The fibre concentration …
Characterizing Effective Fiber With Particle Size And Fiber Concentration Interactions,
2024
Penn State University
Characterizing Effective Fiber With Particle Size And Fiber Concentration Interactions, D R. Buckmaster, A J. Heinrichs, R A. Ward, B P. Lammers
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Both physical form and chemical nature of fiber is important to ruminant animals. A recently developed method for determining particle size distribution was used to characterize typical distributions for forages and total mixed rations (TMR) from the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. An effective fiber index (EFI) and modified effective fiber index (MEFI) are proposed which link physical and chemical characteristics. The EFI and MEFI are computed by weighting NDF concentrations by particle size distribution and effectiveness for contribution towards a rumen mat and rumination.
A Model Of Digestibility Dynamics In Leaf Segments In Grass Swards,
2024
Miyazaki University
A Model Of Digestibility Dynamics In Leaf Segments In Grass Swards, M Hirata
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A mechanistic model which describes the dynamics of dry matter digestibility (DMD) in leaves in a grass sward was developed. The model treats the leaves in the sward canopy as a set of 2 cm-long canopy components, and simulates DMD dynamics in the components from their emergence through aging. Each component has its own initial DMD at emergence, and the DMD decreases as the component ages. The model was parameterized and tested against data from a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Függe) pasture. This new, mechanistic approach was proved to be useful in developing our mechanistic understanding of DMD dynamics in a …
Quality And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa And Grass Silages With Biological Additives,
2024
Agricultural-Technical Academy in Olsztyn
Quality And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa And Grass Silages With Biological Additives, H Shorko-Sajko, W Bednarski, J Kowalewska-Piontas, J Sajko, K Mlynarczyk
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present study satisfactorily utilized some food industry byproducts for improving fermentation characteristics, quality and nutritive value of silages. Five kinds of preparations were made: sugar-enzymes based (beet molasses and brewer’s yeast, mycelium of Aspergillus niger, malted barley at 3:3:3:1); enzymes-bacteria based (mycelium of Aspergillus niger, malted barley, acidic whey, fermentation broth and lactic acid bacteria or skim milk powder at 3:0.9:3:0.1); sugar based (molasses and brewer’s yeast at 1:1) and concentrate of lactic acid bacteria only. Untreated or additive-treated first-cut low sugar (60g kg-1DM, 19.4% DM) alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) plus grasses (Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata) was …
A Dynamic Model For Changes In Nutritional Value In Grass. An Approach To Modify The Model To A Mixed Ley With Grass And Red Clover,
2024
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
A Dynamic Model For Changes In Nutritional Value In Grass. An Approach To Modify The Model To A Mixed Ley With Grass And Red Clover, A.-M Gustavsson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this approach was to check the possibility to modify a dynamic model for simultaneous simulation of the above-ground dry matter growth (DM) and concentrations of crude protein CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) in stands of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) to a model for mixed leys with timothy and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). DM growth is estimated in relation to intercepted radiation, air temperature, soil-water status and tissue-N concentration. CP is estimated in relation to plant uptake of N from soil mineralization, nitrogen fixation and applied fertilizer, and dilution of N during plant growth. ME …
Effect Of Calcium Nutrition On The Formation Of Calcium Oxalate In Kikuyu Grass,
2024
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture
Effect Of Calcium Nutrition On The Formation Of Calcium Oxalate In Kikuyu Grass, J P. Marais, A D. Barnabas, D L. Figenschou
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this investigation was to study the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in situ in kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and to determine the effect of calcium uptake on the soluble and insoluble oxalate content of the grass. Oxalate crystals were more abundant in high-calcium leaves than in low-calcium leaves. Electron microscopy showed that the oxalate crystals are formed in association with globular electron-dense bodies in the vacuole of certain cells. The calcium content of kikuyu is increased by increasing the calcium level of the growth medium. However, the increased amount of calcium taken up by the …
Selection For High Dry Matter And Nonstructural Carbohydrate Contents In Italian Ryegrass,
2024
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture
Selection For High Dry Matter And Nonstructural Carbohydrate Contents In Italian Ryegrass, J P. Marais, M De Figueiredo, D.C W. Goodenough
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not the selection parameters, dry matter and total nonstructural carbohydrate contents, in an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) selection trial were linked to other traits affecting nutritive quality. Selected F3 plants had significantly higher dry matter and total nonstructural carbohydrate contents than the commercial control plants tested. Although differences in digestibility in vitro of selected plants and control cultivars were non-significant, the selected plants contained less acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than the controls. Acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin, the main anti-quality factors associated with pasture …
Forage Quality Of Klein And Angleton Grasses As Standing Hay In The Dry Tropic,
2024
1National Research Institute Of Forestry, Crops And Livestock
Forage Quality Of Klein And Angleton Grasses As Standing Hay In The Dry Tropic, J A. Ortega-S, R Guarneros, J M. Avila, M A. Hussey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study was conducted at Aldama Experimental Station of INIFAP, in Aldama, Tamps., Mexico, to determine the quality and nutritive value of angleton (Dichanthium aristatum Poir.) (A) and klein (Panicum coloratum L.) (K) pastures used as standing hay. Pastures were closed to grazing in September to promote herbage accumulation until February when the experiment was initiated. Two 200 kg live weight crossbred steers were set stocked per each replication. Two fistulated steers were used to collect extrusa samples every 16 days during the 83-d experimental period. Average daily gain in K was 1.3 times higher (P<0.01) than in A. Crude protein concentration was similar (P > 0.01) in leaves of …
Stover Traits As Indicators For Forage Aptitude In Argentine Hybrids Of Maize,
2024
Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora
Stover Traits As Indicators For Forage Aptitude In Argentine Hybrids Of Maize, L M. Bertoia, M B. Aulicino, R Burak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of maize as forage in Argentina has increased in recent years. Nowadays, the seed sold in the country as forage maize belongs to selected grain hybrids. The development of wholly forage materials means a complete change in the architecture of the plant. Our aims were 1) To propose classification criteria of maize genotypes 2) To characterize maize hybrids used as forage on the Argentine market, based on yield and quality forage traits. Numerical techniques allowed the classification of the hybrids. Stover digestibility and stover soluble carbohydrates, indicative of forage quality traits, presented the greatest variability. These results would …
General And Specific Combining Ability For Forage Maize Aptitude. Part 1: Inbred Lines,
2024
Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora
General And Specific Combining Ability For Forage Maize Aptitude. Part 1: Inbred Lines, R Burak, L M. Bertoia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ten inbred maize lines were evaluated through their crosses in various environments with the aim of determining their forage production. The ear and stover dry matter were established separately, when variability for both components was found . The effect of the environment was mainly noted in the harvest index. The most outstanding lines were: B84 for ear yield and dry matter yield from the whole plant and L1 for stover yield. The crosses B84xL2 and B84xL6 produced non-additive effects which were significant for some variables. No significant differences were found when comparing the commercial checks with the highest yielding crosses.
Rumen Fermentation Kinetics Of Grass Measured In Sacco And With The Gas Production Technique,
2024
ID-DLO
Rumen Fermentation Kinetics Of Grass Measured In Sacco And With The Gas Production Technique, J W. Cone, H Valk
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rumen fermentation kinetics of grass and silage, differing in age and yield (1500 -7900 kg DM ha-1), were studied in sacco and in vitro, using the gas production test and the Tilley and Terry technique. An increasing yield increased the content of NDF and lignin in grass and decreased protein content, in vitro degradability measured by the Tilley and Terry method, and rate of fermentation measured with the gas production technique and the nylon bag method. The same ranking in fermentation characteristics was observed using the gas production test, the nylon bag method and the Tilley and Terry method. The …
Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Winter Cereals,
2024
Kansas State University
Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Winter Cereals, M K. Siefers, K K. Bolsen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Agronomic and silage quality traits were examined for 12 winter cereals harvested at two stages of maturity. Forage dry matter (DM) yields were higher at the mid-dough than the early-heading stage. Post 90 barley (Hordeum L.) had the highest whole-plant DM yield at the early-heading stage, and Presto triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) had the highest yield at the mid-dough stage. Newton wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) had the lowest whole-plant DM yield at both stages of maturity. Both crude protein (CP) and ash contents were higher for the early-heading than the mid-dough cereals. All 24 silages were of relatively …
Estimating Forage Quality Losses During Field Drying,
2024
University of Guelph
Estimating Forage Quality Losses During Field Drying, D M. Brown, A G. Barr, D M. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine how well changes in forage quality could be simulated during field drying for hay. Measurements of moisture content and three quality components were made during eight drying periods over three years. Samples were taken from forage swaths at one to four day intervals during drying period. Changes in total dry matter and its constituents were calculated from the measured/simulated changes in quality components. Comparison of simulated and measured changes were made for total losses and cumulative changes during each drying period. The simulated total dry matter losses were within the error limits …
Mineral Intake And Utilization By Dairy Cows Offered Grass Fertilized With Different Levels Of Nitrogen,
2024
ID-DLO
Mineral Intake And Utilization By Dairy Cows Offered Grass Fertilized With Different Levels Of Nitrogen, H Valk, A M. Van Vuuren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In four zero-grazing experiments, the effects ofN fertilizer (450 to 300 to 150 kg/ha/yr) on intake and utilization of some grass minerals (Ca, P and Mg), were investigated. Grass was offered ad lib to 12 cows per N treatment. A reduction in N fertilizer resulted in lower mean contents and intakes of Ca and Mg while P content and intake increased in late summer/autumn. The output of these minerals in milk and urine was relatively low. Therefore, a reduced intake of Ca and Mg resulted in a lower faecal output of these minerals. The ratio between intake and requirement varied …
Performance Of Grazing Bull Calves Supplemented With Increasing Levels Of Ruminally Undegradable Portein,
2024
Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
Performance Of Grazing Bull Calves Supplemented With Increasing Levels Of Ruminally Undegradable Portein, J R. Kawas, O Osmin, J Hernandez, R Leal, F Garza, J L. Danelon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of ruminally undegradable protein (ECP) on the performance of bull calves grazing Coastcross-1 Bermudagrass during the dry season. One hundred and twelve Zebu-Brown Swiss bull calves weighing an average of 265 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a completely random design. Calves received a self-feeding supplement (1 kg) with 40% crude protein (CP) and 31, 38, 44, or 52% ECP. During a 96-day preliminary phase without supplementation, weight gains of the four treatment groups ranged from 0.357 to 0.394 kg/day. A linear (P<0.0 I) response of calf weight gain was observed with an increase in ECP of the supplement (0.668, 0.672, 0.823 and 0.893 kg/day, respectively). Plasma urea concentration was reduced (P<0.05) from 17.8 to 9.85 mg/di with the highest level ofECP, which may reflect a reduced supply of NH -N for ruminal bacteria.
Relationships Between Rumen Degradability And Cell Wall- Binding Ferulic Acid Ethers In Various Forage Crops,
2024
Mie University
Relationships Between Rumen Degradability And Cell Wall- Binding Ferulic Acid Ethers In Various Forage Crops, M Goto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ether-linked ferulic acid was determined in whole straw, plant parts and specific tissue cell walls of five barley (Hordium vulgare L.) cultivars and in sorghum stalks (Sorghum bicolor Moench x Sorghum sudanense Stapf) with five different growth and maturation stages and was related to their dry matter degradability (DMD) and extent of alkali-labile substitution at 0-5 arabinose residues previously determined.
The Energetic Utilization Of Forages In Fresh And Dried Condition By Ruminants,
2024
Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals Dummerstorf-Rostock
The Energetic Utilization Of Forages In Fresh And Dried Condition By Ruminants, W Jentsch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of dehydration of forages on digestibility and energy utilization was measured by indirect calorimetry in respiration chambers with adult wether sheep as a model for ruminants. Comparisons were carried out between fresh and carefully dried forages (experiment 1) and between fresh and not only carefully but also severely dried forages (experiment 2). Careful drying caused no change, but severe drying decreased energy and especially crude protein digestibility. There were no differences in utilization of metabolizable energy between fresh and carefully or severely dried forages.
Effect Of Variation In The Quality Of Forage Maize Silage In Ireland On Forage Intake And On Milk Production Of Dairy Cows,
2024
Moorepark Research Centre
Effect Of Variation In The Quality Of Forage Maize Silage In Ireland On Forage Intake And On Milk Production Of Dairy Cows, J J. Fitzgeald
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In three experiments maize silages which varied in quality, i.e. starch content and dry matter digestibility (DMD) replaced a high proportion (60-67%) of grass silage in the diet of cows in early or mid-lactation. In each experiment the forages were supplemented with concentrates (4 or 6 kg/cow/day). Replacing high quality grass silages (DMD 750 g/kg) with high quality maize silages (starch 219 or 355 g/kg DM, DMD 694 or 754 g/kg) significantly increased forage intake, milk yield, milk protein concentration and the yield of fat and protein (Experiments 1 and 3). Replacing grass silage with a low starch maize silage …
