Sustainable And Conventional Grazing Systems For Beef Steers,
2024
Texas Tech University
Sustainable And Conventional Grazing Systems For Beef Steers, V G. Allen, J P. Fontenot, W L. Daniels, A M. Zajac, G K. Evanylo, R R. Youngman, J Luna
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A conventional grazing and crop production system and a sustainable system with integrated grazing and crop production were compared in a farm-scale experiment. The objective was to improve sustainability through improved nutrient management and reduced off-farm chemical use while retaining productivity and profitability. Each system involved 48 steers per year and 32 hectares of crop and pasture land in four replications. Daily gains and final weights were higher (P<0.05) for steers in the Sustainable System than the Conventional System but required more supplemental hay feeding. Initially, more forage was harvested from the Sustainable System, but as grazing management improved, more forage was harvested through grazing, and harvested forage became similar between the systems. Pesticide requirements were lower and N fertilizer use was reduced more than 50% for the Sustainable System. The Sustainable System maintained total crop and livestock production potential and was at least as profitable as the Conventional System.
Triticale As Early Winter Forage For Meat Calves On Sandy Acidic Soils,
2024
INIA
Triticale As Early Winter Forage For Meat Calves On Sandy Acidic Soils, M Bemhaja, D F. Risso
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of triticale as a winter forage, improves animal performance. The objective of this study was to characterize a triticale crop during winter months, in relation to liveweight gain and animal production, under different grazing systems on sandy acidic soils. Three treatments were imposed to weaned calves of 110 kg liveweight average. Continuous grazing at a herbage allowance of 4% liveweight in dry matter (C4), rotational at an herbage allowance of 4% dry matter (R4) and rotational grazing at an herbage allowance of 2. 5% liveweight (R2. 5). Individual calf gain was 585 g/day for C4 and R4 and …
Switchgrass Growth At Various Plant Densities,
2024
Texas A&M University
Switchgrass Growth At Various Plant Densities, R L. Reed, M A. Sanderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial indigenous to North and Central America with potential as a bioenergy crop. Our objective was to determine the relationship between plant density, N and water stress in switchgrass. We measured aboveground plant and tiller mass, tiller number, and stage of development during 1993 and 1994. There were responses to all factors studied, but the responses were dependent on year. Nitrogen tended to increase tiller mass and number and increased stage of development in 1994. Water stress reduced tiller mass and maturity at harvest in the seeding year (1993). Managers can exert …
The Nature Of Competition Between Forage Herbs, Perennial Ryegrass, And White Clover Under Organic Farming Conditions,
2024
Aberdeen University
The Nature Of Competition Between Forage Herbs, Perennial Ryegrass, And White Clover Under Organic Farming Conditions, A P. Umrani, D Younie, P R. English
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Chicory and ribwort were sown alone or with perennial ryegrass (PRG), PRG/white clover (WC) or WC at three seed rates (1, 5 and 20 kg/ha) in fields or in the glasshouse in the north-east of Scotland under organic farming conditions during 1995-96. PRG showed strong negative effects on root and shoot development of the herbs, but it increased total herbage production. WC had no marked effect on herb establishment when it was sown without PRG. Density dependent competition in herbs for different seed rates were higher during early establishment when plant count was high. Competition between companion species was higher …
A Study Of Agronomic Factors Affecting The Yield And Quality Of Forage Maize In Ireland,
2024
Newcastle College
A Study Of Agronomic Factors Affecting The Yield And Quality Of Forage Maize In Ireland, G P. Keane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objectives of these studies were to examine the effects of sowing date and plastic film on the yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L) in a marginal maize growing area. The response, in DM yield terms, to sowing in early April rather than early May differed in 1995 and 1996, but early sowing in all cases improved quality parameters. The use of plastic film, whether perforated or complete cover treatments, gave substantial yield increases in some instances, and always improved quality parameters. Perforated plastic gave highest DM yield increases with late April or early May sowings, …
Utilizing Soil And Plant Analysis For The Prevention Of Cobalt Deficiency In New Zealand,
2024
Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre
Utilizing Soil And Plant Analysis For The Prevention Of Cobalt Deficiency In New Zealand, M B. O'Connor, J Waller, J Morton, M F. Hawke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The addition of trace elements to fertiliser is a well accepted method of overcoming deficiencies in plants and animals in New Zealand. Cobalt sulphate, for instance, is commonly added to fertiliser to prevent Co deficiency in grazing animals. New Zealand farmers annually apply 130 tonnes of cobalt sulphate to permanent pastures at rates up to 350g/ha/annum. Cobalt deficiency is normally diagnosed by the analysis of animal tissues or plant material. Soil Co analyses have traditionally been considered unsatisfactory for diagnostic purposes. Research, however, suggests that the relationship between soil and plant Co for particular soils is sufficiently promising to consider …
Anatomic And Chemical Traits, And In Vitro Digestibility Of Three Tropical Grasses,
2024
EPAMIG
Anatomic And Chemical Traits, And In Vitro Digestibility Of Three Tropical Grasses, S Queiroz, Jose Alberto Gomide, Jose Maria
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Single linear correlation was established between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and contents of chemical entities as well as proportion of different tissues. Top and bottom leaves were sampled from Jaraguagrass, setariagrass and dwarf elephantgrass. Among the chemical entities, lignin showed better correlation with IVDMD. The proportion of sclerenchyma in the samples of stem and leaf lamina from the top layer and the parenchymall cells in the leaf sheath showed highly significant correlations with the IVDMS NDF content correlated positively with percentage of sclerenchyma, lignified vascular tissues and parenchyma bundle sheath, but negatively with percentage mesophyll and epidermis tissues. …
White Clover Saponins And Their Variation With Shading Or Nitrogen Application Level,
2024
Tohoku University
White Clover Saponins And Their Variation With Shading Or Nitrogen Application Level, K Sugawara, S Ogura, Y Yashima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Saponins are widely present in leguminous plants. Several kinds of saponins which were different from soybean saponins were identified in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These white clover saponins were varied in quality and quantity by the change of cultural conditions such as shading or nitrogen application. In particularly, the concentration of saponins in white clover showed tendency to increase under high light intensity and low nitrogen conditions.
Genetic Variability Of Ruminal Starch Degradation Of Corn Harvested At Two Silage Maturities,
2024
SRNH, INRA
Genetic Variability Of Ruminal Starch Degradation Of Corn Harvested At Two Silage Maturities, C Philippeau, M Champion, B Michalet-Doreau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This trial was carried out to determine the influence of genotype and maturity stage on ruminal starch degradation of corn harvested at silage maturity. Two types of corn (Zea mays L.), differing in their endosperm texture, flint or dent, were harvested at 30 and 35 % whole plant DM. The degradation rate in the rumen of grains (oven dried at 40°C and ground through a 3-mm screen) was determined by the in situ technique. Mean ruminal starch degradability was 69 %. With maturity, the content of grain in the whole plant increased and ruminal starch degradability decreased (15 points). Starch …
Estimation Of Organic Matter Digestibility And Me Content In Ruminant Feeds From In Vitro Gas Production,
2024
Universitat, Hohenheim
Estimation Of Organic Matter Digestibility And Me Content In Ruminant Feeds From In Vitro Gas Production, H Steingass, K P. Aiple, W Drochner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cumulative gas production from incubation of feedstuffs with rumen liquor or a fresh faecal suspension as inoculum in vitro together with crude nutrient composition can be used to predict organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeds with high accuracy. In this study, prediction equations were derived for roughages using 110 samples with known in vivo digestibility. It can be demonstrated, that the accuracy of prediction of the gas production method is better compared with a pepsin-cellulase procedure and that the use of a faecal suspension as inoculum is a useful alternative when fresh rumen liquor is not …
Self- Reseeding Forage Legumes As Green Manures In Mediterranean Cropping Systems,
2024
University of Tuscia
Self- Reseeding Forage Legumes As Green Manures In Mediterranean Cropping Systems, F Caporali, E Campiglia, R Mancinelli
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Self-regenerating winter annual legumes, like the Subterranean clover and the Medicago species, are recognised as typical Mediterranean resources able to contribute to more sustainable cropping systems such as cover crops, living mulches and green manures. Experimental evidence is presented on the capacity of several cultivars of subclover (Trifolium subterraneum, L.; Trifolium yanninicum, Katzn. & Morley and Trifolium brachycalycinum, Katzn. & Morley) and annual Medicago species to yield astonishing amounts of aboveground biomass (up to 15 t/ha by the cultivars of Medicago scutellata) with high nitrogen content. The total contribution of nitrogen to soil varies (100-300 kg/ha) …
Nitrogen Distribution Between Shoots And Roots Of Five Cool-Season Legumes,
2024
Texas A&M University
Nitrogen Distribution Between Shoots And Roots Of Five Cool-Season Legumes, G W. Evers
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nitrogen contribution from legume green manure crops is becoming more important as the price of N fertilizer increases in order to maintain sustainable agricultural production systems. The quantity of N in the top growth and roots of ‘Yuchi’ arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), ‘Tibbee’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) ‘Overton R18’ rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.), ‘Mt. Barker’ subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was determined at monthly intervals throughout the growing season. Maximum N accumulation in all species occurred in May. Hairy vetch and crimson clover had some of the …
Effects Of Mixture Rates And Cutting Dates On The Forage Yield And Quality Of Vetch-Triticale Mixtures And Their Seed Yields Under Lowland Conditions Of Cukurova,
2024
Cukurova University
Effects Of Mixture Rates And Cutting Dates On The Forage Yield And Quality Of Vetch-Triticale Mixtures And Their Seed Yields Under Lowland Conditions Of Cukurova, T Tukel, E Hasar, R Hatipoglu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study was conducted to determine the effects of mixture rates and cutting dates on the forage yield and quality of vetch-triticale mixtures. Mixtures containing 50% vetch + 50% triticale or 25% vetch + 75 % triticale can be preferred for a high forage yield and the cutting should be performed at the beginning of the pod stage in terms of herbage and hay yield unless there is a necessity for the early harvest. Even if 100 % triticale provided the highest yield 0.98 tonnes/ha of crude protein, the mixture with 25 % +75 % triticale giving 0.96 tonnes/ha yield …
Root Distribution Study Of Forage Gramina Under Conservation Tillage Systems, By A Tracer Technique,
2024
Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora
Root Distribution Study Of Forage Gramina Under Conservation Tillage Systems, By A Tracer Technique, M B. Barrios, A Bujan, A A. Bozzo, S P. Debelis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this work is to evaluate the root activity patterns of three forage graminaceous species under different tillage systems. The field experiment was carried out during 1993-94 in a Mollisol under three tillage systems: plowing, chiseling tillage and subsoiling tillage system cultivated with Lolium multiflorum, Bromus catharticus and Phalaris aquatica. Significant differences were found in lateral root distribution between tillage systems. Subsoiling tillage system treatment showed the largest presence of roots at 10 cm lateral distance from the plants. No differences in root activity at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the plant were found in chiseling …
Functions Of Permanent Grassland In The Process Of Feed Base Optimization Of Dairy Farms From Great Poland Region,
2024
Agricultural University, Poland
Functions Of Permanent Grassland In The Process Of Feed Base Optimization Of Dairy Farms From Great Poland Region, P Golinski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this paper was the determination of permanent grassland functions at optimization of the feed base of dairy farms in the region of Great Poland using linear programming against the background of newly developing conditions of market economy. The important factor leading to significant improvement of financial situation of farms was finding them a model of cattle feeding based on feed from permanent grasslands. However, permanent grasslands in Great Poland, when compared with arable lands, are characterized, in their models, by a low dual value. This can be attributed mainly to a low milk price and low productivity …
Changes In Agronomic Characteristics With Maturity Of Erianthus Ik-76-110,
2024
University of Florida
Changes In Agronomic Characteristics With Maturity Of Erianthus Ik-76-110, P Mislevy, F G. Martin, M B. Adjei, J D. Miller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Optimal production of energy from biomass necessitates the identification and management of high yielding plant entries. Erianthus arundinaceum (Retz) Jesw. IK-76-110 was tested to determine the influence of harvest treatments at heights of 1.2, 2.5, and 3.7 m and mature in October (4.9 m), and mature in December (4.9 m and in flower) on agronomic characteristics from 1987 to 1990. All treatments received 25 kg ha-1 P and 93 kg ha-1 yr-1 K in one spring application and 336 kg ha-1 N in split applications applied prior to the growth of each harvest. An additional October treatment at the mature …
Potential Of A Novel White Clover/ Cereal Bi-Cropping System For Whole Crop Forage Production,
2024
Danish Institute of Plant & Soil Science
Potential Of A Novel White Clover/ Cereal Bi-Cropping System For Whole Crop Forage Production, N Koefoed, R O. Clements, J Burke, G Donaldson, G Purvis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A novel low input system for growing cereals, so far mainly winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), in close association with white clover (Trifolium repens L), is being developed currently, co-operatively by five research stations in northern Europe. An established sward of pure white clover is defoliated in the autumn and winter wheat drilled into it using a rotary type direct drill. After silage or grain harvest of the cereal/clover mixture the clover regrowth may add to the productivity of the system until defoliation and drilling-in of the next cereal crop takes place. With the system described dry matter …
Pearl Millet: A New Green Fodder Crop In Korea,
2024
RDA, Korea
Pearl Millet: A New Green Fodder Crop In Korea, B H. Choi, K Y. Park, R K. Park
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) has been recognized in Korea since 1985, as an important new forage crop of high quality and yield. Suwon 1, pearl millet hybrid, was the best of 20 hybrids examined in Suwon, giving 150t/ha (three cuttings) of green fodder. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than corn and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 28.8 for three cuttings of pearl millet, with 5.8 for one cutting of maize, and 19.5 for three cuttings of sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3% for pearl millet, 6 and 5% higher …
Switchgrass Management For A Biomass Energy Feedstock In Texas,
2024
Texas A&M
Switchgrass Management For A Biomass Energy Feedstock In Texas, M A. Sanderson, R L. Reed, M A. Hussey, C R. Tischler, J C. Read, W R. Ocumpaugh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass indigenous to North and Central America with excellent potential as a bioenergy crop. Our objective was to develop management practices for switchgrass as a bioenergy crop. We determined the adaptability of several switchgrass cultivars and germplasms at five locations, and examined the response of ‘Alamo’ switchgrass to defoliation frequency, nitrogen and phosphorus fertility, and row spacing at two locations during 1992 to 1996. Alamo switchgrass was the highest yielding entry at all locations with yields of 8 to 20 Mg of dry biomass ha-1. Yield response of Alamo to N …
Modelling Feed Resources Budgets In The Moist Savannahs Of West Africa,
2024
Moist Savannah Program
Modelling Feed Resources Budgets In The Moist Savannahs Of West Africa, A Naazie, J W. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A deterministic model was developed to evaluate the adequacy and utilization of ruminant livestock feed resources in the moist savannahs of W. Africa. Changes in land cropped and available as range, were used to project changes in feed resources over time and to evaluate whether these feed resources were adequate for the expected numbers of livestock in the region. Ignoring crop residues as feed resources would result in feed shortages especially in the drier northern parts of the moist savannahs. If 50% of the residues could be used as feed, feed shortage would be unlikely irrespective of area cropped. In …
