The Influence Of Soil Tillage On The Distribution Of Medic Seed In The Soil And Subsequent Regeneration Of Medics In A Medic Wheat Rotation,
2024
Elsenburg Agricultural Development Institute
The Influence Of Soil Tillage On The Distribution Of Medic Seed In The Soil And Subsequent Regeneration Of Medics In A Medic Wheat Rotation, T N. Kotze, W R. Langenhoven, G A. Agenbag
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The success of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in ley farming systems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends largely on the ability of tillage systems to maintain sufficient seed reserves (200 kg ha-1) in the topsoil (0-50 mm) without decreasing the yields of the successive wheat crop. The effect of six methods of tillage i.e. fieldspan (50 mm), shallow scarifier (50 mm), deep scarifier (150 mm), shallow disc plough (50 mm), deep disc plough (150-200 mm) and mouldboard plough (250 mm), on the distribution of the medic seed reserves in the soil profile and yields of successive wheat crops …
Participative Management And Rehabilitation Of The Village Common Pastures In The Central Highlands Of Turkey: Importance Of Diagnostic Surveys In Project Planning And Execution, H K. Firincioglu, S Christiansen, S Unal, D Ozturk, H Basaran
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most of the pastures in the central highlands of Turkey have been replaced by cereal production over the last 50 years. Also, the mismanagement of the existing pastures, i.e., early grazing and over stocking of animals, has resulted in severe degradation of pasture species. A study, involving a multidisciplinary approach, was initiated and included botanical and socio-economic surveys, improvement of village-based feed resources, and realistic livestock feeding schemes to put limited feed resources to best use. Results of socioeconomic survey studies in selected villages are presented as prerequisite information for initiation of a forage, livestock and range rehabilitation project.
A Village Approach In Rehabilitation Of Degraded Pastures On Marginal Lands In West Asia,
2024
ICARDA
A Village Approach In Rehabilitation Of Degraded Pastures On Marginal Lands In West Asia, A E. Osman, S Christiansen, A Nassar, F Ghassali
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objectives of the present study are to demonstrate techniques of native pasture improvement to farming communities and to assess their ability to apply pasture management, including deferred grazing. The work was conducted in four villages in north west Syria and in one location in Beka’a, Lebanon. The results indicated significant improvement on pasture productivity and the farmers showed a positive attitude towards adopting the new practices.
Use Of Grazing Animals In Re-Seeding Degraded Marginal Lands In Northern Syria,
2024
ICARDA
Use Of Grazing Animals In Re-Seeding Degraded Marginal Lands In Northern Syria, F Ghassali, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed mixture of sixteen native legumes were fed to sheep as a single meal and their passage through the animals was monitored in the faeces. The same mixture was used in a field experiment to improve degraded pasture. Over two hundred sheep were allowed to graze the improved pasture and rest on a nearby un-improved (target) pasture during four days. Results showed that legumes with smaller seeds were able to pass through the animals undamaged compared with large seeded species. The field study provided confirmation of the animal feeding study and provided evidence that grazing animals can help in rehabilitation …
Integrated Management Of Natural Forage Resources In A Tropical Humid Savannah Of West Africa,
2024
Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux
Integrated Management Of Natural Forage Resources In A Tropical Humid Savannah Of West Africa, Ph Lecomte, Ph Hellemans, A Buldgen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the practise of extensive cattle rearing in the Guinean low altitude savannah, coupled with a poor knowledge or appreciation of the plant communities, disturbs the natural equilibrium of vegetation. A carefully designed land management program and the establishment of indicators to monitor any changes are crucial for ensuring production capacity. The study suggests the integration into a Geographical Information System of a set of field indicators defined for a typical savannah of the area in question. These indicators take into account throughout the seasons, data on the climate, the natural environment, the productivity value of vegetation and the risk …
Structure, Productivity And Animal Utilization In A Communal Pasture In The Basque Country (Northern Spain),
2024
Servicio de Investigación y Mejora Agraria
Structure, Productivity And Animal Utilization In A Communal Pasture In The Basque Country (Northern Spain), I Albizu, G Besga, M Rodriquez, M Onaindia, M Domingo, I Amezaga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The goal of this study was to determine the structure, productivity and utilization of mountain communal pastures of the Gorbea area in 1994. The area was classified in four zones according to topographic position and improvement activities: north slope brush removed, summit, south slope 50% brush, and south slope brush removed. Ecological profiles were used to relate the most abundant species to soil P and K contents at the different zones. Exclosure cages were used to estimate potential productivity, botanical composition and pasture utilization. Soil P and K contents are the parameters that relate best to floristic composition, being Agrostis …
Management Of Soil Fertility And Grass-Pine Interactions In Silvopastoral Systems,
2024
Servicio de InvestigaciÛn y Mejora Agraria
Management Of Soil Fertility And Grass-Pine Interactions In Silvopastoral Systems, M Pinto, G Besga, S Virgel, M Rodrigues
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this work was to study the response of a silvopastoral system (soil fertility, pine and grass growth) to different levels of amendments and fertilizer and to evaluate the interaction between grass and pines. Since 1994, five treatments including two Linz- Donawitz (LD) slag doses, NPK fertilizer and a combination of LD slag and NPK fertilizer were applied every year on a pinewood stand (7-8 year old, and 4*4 average spacing), repeating the treatments in two areas, one, sown with productive grass and legume species, and, the other, maintaining the spontaneus species. Soil pH increased 0.46 units with …
Traditional Grassland And Fodder Management Systems In Tanzania And Potential For Improvement,
2024
ICRAF
Traditional Grassland And Fodder Management Systems In Tanzania And Potential For Improvement, R M. Otsynia, I Essai, D Asenga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The “Ngitiri” fodder conservation system was developed by the Sukuma agro-pastoralists as a strategy to alleviate acute dry season fodder constraints. This traditional agroforestry system provides the basis and opportunities for development of improved silvipastoral systems. Ngitiri is a major source of dry season fodder supply for livestock and thatch for roofing. The system is widespread in the Sukuma landuse system in central Tanzania. This paper presents the scope and importance of the Ngitiri system, management aspects, constraints, and farmers’ perceptions on improvement. Implications for agroforestry technology development in the Sukuma agropastoral system are also discussed.
Participatory Planning, Monitoring And Evaluation Of Grassland Management In West Africa,
2024
Rohnsweg, Germany
Participatory Planning, Monitoring And Evaluation Of Grassland Management In West Africa, A Waters-Bayer, W Bayer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To gain a firmer base for supporting development projects in the West African savanna, a study was made of existing experiences in participatory planning with pastoralists. Promising methods were then selected by a natural resource management project in the Sahel of Burkina Faso. Tools such as maps, matrices and Venn diagrammes were applied with pastoralists using communal grazing areas. Rather than establishing fixed landuse plans, it was necessary to build up platforms representing various groups of grassland users who negotiate modes of management, monitor its effectiveness, and constantly re-adjust plans on the basis of their joint assessment.
Overseeding Methods For Communal Grassland,
2024
East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute
Overseeding Methods For Communal Grassland, L Tahtacioglu, A Mermer, M Avci
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two establishment methods, cultivator+roller and grassland drill, in combination with four plant mixtures were evaluated for the improvement of degraded communal grassland in two provinces of Eastern Anatolia. The establishment had been satisfactory with both methods and no significant differences were observed between two overseeding methods. Sainfoin, alfalfa, smooth brome and crested wheatgrass were used in this work and plant mixtures consisted of one legume and one grass species. Compatibility of introduced seedlings with existing vegetation was very weak. Although, the contribution of introduced plant mixtures to DM yield was significantly higher under protected condition, the survival and regeneration rates …
The Effects Of Topographical Factors On Forage And Grazing Periods And Carrying Capacity In Eastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey,
2024
Ataturk University
The Effects Of Topographical Factors On Forage And Grazing Periods And Carrying Capacity In Eastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ali Koc, Ahmet Gokkus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In this study, natural pastures were selected for floristic and grazing measurement in toeslope, summit, footslope, and shoulder of four position with altitudes ranging between 2000-2500 m in 1992 and 1993. While the longest green forage periods were recorded for footslope, summit and northern faces, the longest dry forage periods were in the south and west sites. Duration of grazing period ranged between 120 and 140 days depending on climatic and topographical factors. Grazing period was the longest in the southern footslope whereas it was shortest in the summit and northern shoulder. Grazing area for a livestock unit (LU) needs …
Sward Height Effects On Sward Composition And Animal Performance In Grass/Clover Swards Co-Grazed By Sheep And Goats, M Del Pozo, A Martinez, K Osoro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A mixed herd of yearling cashmere bucks plus Gallega and Lacha ewes rearing single lambs continuously grazed lowland perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) / white clover (Trifolium repens) swards on two contrasting sward surface heights of 8.3 (High) or 5.9 cm (Low) over a 100-day spring grazing period. Performance results showed that ewes and bucks had respectively an extra 2.6 and 2.0 kg of liveweight gain in the High height treatment while lambs replenished 185 (High) and 198 (Low) g of daily liveweight. Significant increases of live clover occurred in both sward height treatments and that was …
Evaluation Of Combining Ability For Chemical Components Of Forage Sorghum,
2024
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute
Evaluation Of Combining Ability For Chemical Components Of Forage Sorghum, S P. Shaug, K D. Lo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic behaviors of crude protein (CP), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) by using 28 forage sorghum lines (including one set of half diallel cross and seven parents) as experimental materials. The results showed that the differences of all chemical components except Mg were significant among parents at heading and maturity. The mean squares of general(GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of K and HCN at heading and maturity were all significant. Their additive variances were higher than their dominant variances at heading, however, similar at maturity. …
Dry Matter Degradability Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Grown At Different Altitudes Tested With Rumen Fistulated Rams,
2024
University of Zagreb
Dry Matter Degradability Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Grown At Different Altitudes Tested With Rumen Fistulated Rams, M Knezevic, J Leto, V Kozumplik, I Pejic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Among ecological factors altitude can have significant influence on forage dry matter degradability. Red clover is a very important forage species in hilly-mountain regions. Its response in dry matter degradability to different altitudes has been little studied. In this experiment degradability of six red clover cultivars grown at two different altitudes (123 and 650 meters above the sea level) was studied by using rumen fistulated rams (in sacco technique). The clover samples for the degradability determination were taken from the first cut done at the beginning of flowering at each altitude. The experiment was organised as tree factorial CRD. Five …
Utilization Of Rumen Evacuation And In Situ Methodology To Study Mineral Element Characteristics Of Bromus Inermis,
2024
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Utilization Of Rumen Evacuation And In Situ Methodology To Study Mineral Element Characteristics Of Bromus Inermis, D T. Hickok, R J. Rasby, D R. Brink, P A. Olson, P R. Martin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mineral element characteristics of Bromus inermis were determined in 2 week intervals from May 15 to October 15 in a four-year study. Clipped samples were separated to leaf and stem fractions. In year 4, 3 ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine diet selection 6 times during the growing season, and were used to determine in situ mineral disappearance of clipped grass. Based on rumen evacuation and in situ methodology elemental concentrations in Bromus inermis exhibited seasonal flux and in the conditions of this study cows did not select a diet different from clipped samples in elements other than Fe …
Anatomy Of Forage Plant Parts In Relation To Digestion,
2024
University of Wales
Anatomy Of Forage Plant Parts In Relation To Digestion, P Rezvani Moghaddam, D Wilman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to contribute some quantitative information regarding the proportion of cell types and the thickness of cell walls in different plant parts of three major forage species, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and maize (Zea mays L.). All plant parts examined contained a significant proportion of cell types with walls which appeared too thick to be completely degraded during the time which plant particles are likely to spend in the rumen; this applied particularly to lucerne stems and maize leaf blades.
Mineral Composition Of Perennial Pasture Species Grazed By Dairy Cows In South-Eastern Australia,
2024
Agriculture Victoria, Kyabram Dairy Centre
Mineral Composition Of Perennial Pasture Species Grazed By Dairy Cows In South-Eastern Australia, P T. Doyle, C R. Stockdale, W J. Wales
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On four occasions, the mineral composition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), and their morphological components, were monitored as they regrew after defoliation. The four periods coincided with spring, summer, summer/autumn and autumn. White clover generally had more phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium than did the grasses. Ryegrass, on the other hand, had higher concentrations of sodium than either white clover or paspalum. When compared with requirements for lactating dairy cows, it appeared that phosphorus was the major mineral in the pasture on offer with potential to adversely …
Recent Developments In The Use Of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy For The Evaluation Of Grass Silage,
2024
Scottish Agricultural College
Recent Developments In The Use Of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy For The Evaluation Of Grass Silage, N W. Offer, D S. Percival, C Thomas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This work assessed the potential of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the voluntary intake and fermentation characteristics of grass silage. NIRS spectra were obtained from dried milled (Dry) or fresh samples by two methods (Wet1 - vertical transport mechanism and Wet2 - rotating cup drawer). Prediction errors (SECV as a percentage of mean values) were 5.5, 6.5 and 2.5 for Dry, Wet1 and Wet2 respectively for intake by dairy cows (n=28). Corresponding values were 10.3, 16.1 and 10.9 for lambs (n=88). The Wet2 method gave more accurate predictions than Wet1 except for predictions of ADF and unfermentable metabolisable energy …
Monitoring Kinetics Of Readily Available Fermentable Components By Means Of In-Vitro Gas Production,
2024
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Monitoring Kinetics Of Readily Available Fermentable Components By Means Of In-Vitro Gas Production, G Pichard, G Jaurena, M A. Bruni
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In vitro rumen incubations were used for measuring substrate disappearance and gas production dynamics. Samples were neutral detergent extracts of alfalfa and orchardgrass with or without added glucose. A logistic multi-pool model was used for describing feed fractions with distinct kinetic parameters, namely pools A, B1, B2 and C that represent fractions of increasing refractoriness. This technique based on gas measurement allowed to monitor early fermentation kinetics of readily available substrates thus overcoming the limitations encountered in traditional in vitro substrate disappearance. Pools A, B1 and B2 showed specific rates near 0.14 , 0.08 and 0.02 and lags of zero, …
Analysis Of Mixed Sward Silage By Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs),
2024
CIAM
Analysis Of Mixed Sward Silage By Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), P Castro, J Castro, A Gonzalez-Arraez, G Flores
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
NIR calibration equations were developed to determine crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), organic matter (OM), in vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) in mixed swards silages. Spectra of 96 in vivo evaluated silages were recorded on a PSCO 6250 monochromator spectrophotometer using NSAS (NIRS Spectral Analysis Software) and converted to NewISI software. NIR calibrations were obtained by modified PLS regression of the 2nd. derivative of SNV and De-trended spectra on laboratory and in vivo data. Determination coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.77 for ME to 0.98 for CP and OM. Highest standard errors of calibration and …
