Comparisons Between Swing Phase Characteristics Of Race Walkers And Distance Runners,
2013
University of Salford
Comparisons Between Swing Phase Characteristics Of Race Walkers And Distance Runners, Laura C. Smith, Brian Hanley
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 6(4) : 269-277, 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze swing characteristics during race walking and to compare these with distance running. The rules of race walking demand that no visible flight time should occur and the stance leg must be straightened from initial contact to midstance. Previous research has not examined whether these rules also have an effect on swing and what consequences might arise. Ten male race walkers and ten male distance runners walked or ran respectively on an instrumented treadmill for 10 km with two in-dwelling force plates. Trials lasted …
Attitudes Toward And Preferences For Male And Female Personal Trainers,
2013
Southampton Solent University
Attitudes Toward And Preferences For Male And Female Personal Trainers, James P. Fisher, Catherine Platts, Marie Stopforth
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 6(4) : 256-268, 2013. Previous research has considered the perceptions of athletes towards gender of coach and strength and conditioning coach. However, to date there appears little research considering the perceptions of clients towards gender of personal trainer. The purpose of this study was to investigate male and females perceptions of same- or opposite-gender personal trainers. Four hundred and two (male = 201, female = 201) undergraduate University student participants completed an adapted version of the Attitudes of Athletes toward Male versus Female Coaches Questionnaire (AAMFC-Q; 23). A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance …
Androgen Regulation Of Calbindin-D28k In Rat Hypothalamic Tissue During Prenatal Development,
2013
Brigham Young University
Androgen Regulation Of Calbindin-D28k In Rat Hypothalamic Tissue During Prenatal Development, Melanie A. Watson, Dr. Edwin Lephart
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Calbindin-D28K is a calcium-binding protein that serves a potentially important role in both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies indicate the dimorphic expressions of calbindin within the medial basal hypothalamus (N4BH), supporting its putative importance in the neurogenesis of sexually dimorphic brain structures.2 Another primary action of this protein is to buffer intracellular calcium levels, thus functioning as a neuroprotective mechanism against pre-mature apoptosis. Regulation of calbindin is reported to be, in part, stimulated by glucocorticoids in response to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal stress axis.3 Evidence also exists for the potential regulation of calcium-binding …
Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses,
2013
Brigham Young University
Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses, Gregory B. Tilton, Dr. Robert L. Park, Jerran Flinders
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The focus of this project was two-fold. First, to test whether RAPDS, a genetic marker finding technique, could be used to find markers in three separate sire/offspring groups of horses. Second, to determine whether we could use RAPDs to produce a similarity index indicating how genetically related the different groups were to each other, a process that may be valuable in a future genetic study of horse gait. We used the DNA from three horse sires and seven of their offspring, giving a total of twenty-four different horses. The individuals, all of which are registered Missouri Foxtrotters, are located on …
A Col2a1 Mutation Leads To Increased Degradation Of Type Ii Collagen In Articular Cartilage: A Murine Model For Osteoarthritis,
2013
Brigham Young University
A Col2a1 Mutation Leads To Increased Degradation Of Type Ii Collagen In Articular Cartilage: A Murine Model For Osteoarthritis, Peter Crane, Dr. Robert Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Normal articular cartilage is characterized by a resilient collagen and proteoglycan matrix interdispersed with chondrocytes. Collagen type II is the most abundant collagen found in the matrix and is responsible for providing tensile strength to the tissue. The highly conserved Col2a1 gene is responsible for coding all type II collagen á-helix chains.1 The process of enzymatic MMP cleavage is a natural part of collagen recycling, but has been observed to be upregulated in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. It is hypothesized that further denaturation (unwinding) of enzymatically cleaved collagen takes place following enzymatic cleavage by MMP. Because increased degraded …
Growth Of Tropical Dasyatid Rays Estimated Using A Multi-Analytical Approach,
2013
Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
Growth Of Tropical Dasyatid Rays Estimated Using A Multi-Analytical Approach, Owen R. O'Shea, Matias Braccini, Rory Mcauley, Conrad W. Speed, Mark G. Meekan
Fisheries Research Articles
We studied the age and growth of four sympatric stingrays: reticulate whipray, Himanutra uarnak (n=19); blue mask, Neotrygon kuhlii (n=34); cowtail, Pastinachus atrus (n=32) and blue-spotted fantail, Taeniura lymma (n=40) rays at Ningaloo Reef, a fringing coral reef on the north-western coast of western Australia. Age estimates derived from band counts within sectioned vertebrae ranged between 1 and 27 years (H. uarnak, 1 - 25 yrs.; N. kuhlii, 1.5 - 13 yrs.; P. atrus, 1 - 27 yrs. and T. lymma, 1 -11 yrs.). Due to limitations of sample sizes, we combined several analytical methods …
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Daniel R. Jensen, Dr. James P. Porter
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The “Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat” strain (SHR) was bred to be innately hypertensive. This hypertension arises in part from over-activity of the brain Renin-Angiotensin system.1 Interestingly, the mean body weight of SHR is significantly reduced compared with the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto strain from which it originates. There are indications that high levels of exogenous Angiotensin II (ANG II) introduced in the brains of normotensive rats inhibit weight gain, and in some cases promote weight loss and/or wasting.2 The mechanism of this effect is not clearly understood, though some studies have shown that high levels of exogenous ANG II can induce anorexia or …
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?,
2013
Brigham Young University
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?, Stephen M. Merino, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Neurons use chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to communicate with muscles and other neurons. In the axon terminal of a neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter is released from the neuron through a process called exocytosis. In exocytosis, synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and neurotransmitter is released from the cell. During exocytosis, important proteins in both the synaptic vesicle membrane and cell membrane called SNARE proteins bind to one another. These proteins are required for exocytosis. Exocytosis and subsequent neurotransmitter release is regulated by Ca2+. The mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates exocytosis is poorly understood.
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil,
2013
Brigham Young University
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil, Jacob D. Durrant, David D. Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Virgem dos Pobres is an impoverished community on the banks of lake Mundaú in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its dirt roads are lined with houses made of mud and plaster, and sewage is disposed of by means of an open canal that runs through the community’s center. The neighborhood’s population is afflicted with many of the diseases common to extreme poverty: bacterial infections like impetigo, malnourishment, measles, mumps, etc. It was a great privilege to be able to work in some small way to help these wonderful people.
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf),
2013
Brigham Young University
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf), Jacob Brinkerhoff, Dr. Roy Silcox
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the past few years of my education at BYU, I have had the opportunity to study and learn about the dairy industry and what types of management programs are in place to help ensure higher production and lower costs. One of the most important and beneficial reproductive management techniques used on modern dairies is called induced luteolysis or induced destruction of a corpus luteum. This management practice, which can optimize reproductive performance in cattle, involves administration of a hormone called prostaglandin F2µ (PGF).
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro,
2013
Brigham Young University
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro, Josepp D. Walch, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
I finished my project last July (2005) just before Dr. Woodbury left for Germany to present his recent work at a few of the academic institutions of Europe. The project commenced in February of 2004.
Snare Regulation,
2013
Brigham Young University
Snare Regulation, Deborah Adams, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
SNARE proteins are involved in transporting molecules within our cells, but their mechanism of action is not well known (Figure 1). It is established that SNARE proteins aid in the process of vesicles docking at target membranes. When neuronal cells are excited calcium enters the cell and the docked vesicles fuse to the target membrane releasing their contents into the intercellular space called the synapse. It is not exactly known by what method calcium induces membrane fusion but it has been shown that syntaxin and synaptobrevin, or VAMP, are minimal machinery for membrane fusion (1).
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence,
2013
Brigham Young University
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence, Andrew Miner, Dr. Allen Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) is a protein involved in the genesis of cortisol, testosterone, estrogen and other steroids. In fact, it is the rate-limiting step in the process of steroidogenesis. StAR is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the outside of the mitochondrial matrix to the inside, where it undergoes chemical processes that turn it into the steroids listed above. The body is thought to increase the amount of StAR in mitochondrial membranes when it receives certain signals in order to create more steroids. My topic involves the mechanism for this upregulation.
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling, Melissa Schmidt, Dr. Jeffery Richard Barrow
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cell communication is crucial in multiceullar organisms. Cells have therefore devised signaling pathways for intracellular communication. One of these is the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling plays an important role in cell fate decisions during embryogenesis. In the adult, Wnt signaling has been hypothesized to be essential in the maintenance of adult gut, blood, and skin tissues. Interestingly, aberrant Wnt signaling has been found to be the primary defect in all colon cancers and to be the cause of other tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2,
2013
Brigham Young University
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2, J. Craig Moffat, Matthew A. D'Haenens, David D. Busath, Dr. Dixon J. Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Influenza A viral protein M2 is known to conduct protons across viral, Golgi, and cell membranes. M2 allows acidification of the interior of the virion thus facilitating viral RNA uncoating. In the active form, M2 is a homotetramer. Each subunit consists of 97 amino acid residues with only one membrane-spanning region of 19 residues. The ion channel activity of M2 has been studied at physiological pH in cellular systems. It is also known that the channel is sensitive to the anti-influenza drug amantadine. Understanding M2 activity at pH 7 will give us greater knowledge of viral function, pharmacological sensitivities, …
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size,
2013
Brigham Young University
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size, Eric Richardson, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Vesicles are microscopic spherical capsules that have many important applications in both medicine and biology. They are the cell’s primary vehicles for transporting proteins and other chemicals to and from organelles. In the last half century, artificial vesicles (AVs) have been manufactured to explore many biological mechanisms. More recently, AVs have been used as a drug-delivery tool on a microscopic level. This is a promising technique to fight life-threatening diseases such as cancer.
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition,
2013
Brigham Young University
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Mary Ann Zarkou, Dr. Bruce Woolley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Severe malnutrition is one of the most devastating health problems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent types of malnutrition, and is divided into three major types: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. These diseases in children cause stunted growth, many physiological problems, and lead to increased risk for developing chronic diseases and increased morbidity rates. No effective treatment has been discovered.
Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis,
2013
Purdue University
Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis, Rebecca Anna Replogle
Open Access Dissertations
Calcium (Ca) is essential for multiple functions within the body including skeletal health. The level of Ca in the serum is tightly regulated. During periods of habitual low Ca intake, the body senses a decrease in serum Ca and increases renal conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). 1,25(OH)2D acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to increase intestinal Ca absorption, renal Ca reabsorption and skeletal Ca resorption. Efficient intestinal Ca absorption, especially during periods of low Ca intake, is critical for protecting bone mass. Ca absorption and its primary regulator, 1,25(OH)2D, are affected by both …
Effects Of Nitrite And Oxygen On Angiogenesis In Vascular Networks Of The Chicken Embryo,
2013
Virginia Commonwealth University
Effects Of Nitrite And Oxygen On Angiogenesis In Vascular Networks Of The Chicken Embryo, Michael Connery
Theses and Dissertations
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of angiogenesis and is primarily produced endogenously through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). An alternate pathway for NO production is the conversion of nitrite to NO, which depends on the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) and hypoxic conditions. The angiogenic effects of topically applied sodium nitrite on two vascular beds in the ex ovo chicken embryonic model of angiogenesis were assessed. Gas barrier films were used to modulate local oxygen levels in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a respiratory vascular network, and the area vasculosa (AV) on the yolk sac, a typical peripheral …
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm,
2013
Brigham Young University
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm, Soren Harward, David Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Molecular Dynamics (hereafter abbreviated MD) is a method of simulating on a computer the behavior of molecules. For over twenty years, it had been a valuable tool that has allowed chemists and physicists to observe chemical interactions that would are difficult or impossible to measure with standard laboratory equipment. The rapid growth of computing power has made feasible simulations of larger and larger systems, so that now biologists can use MD to study the complex chemistry of living organisms.
