Growth Of Tropical Dasyatid Rays Estimated Using A Multi-Analytical Approach,
2013
Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
Growth Of Tropical Dasyatid Rays Estimated Using A Multi-Analytical Approach, Owen R. O'Shea, Matias Braccini, Rory Mcauley, Conrad W. Speed, Mark G. Meekan
Fisheries Research Articles
We studied the age and growth of four sympatric stingrays: reticulate whipray, Himanutra uarnak (n=19); blue mask, Neotrygon kuhlii (n=34); cowtail, Pastinachus atrus (n=32) and blue-spotted fantail, Taeniura lymma (n=40) rays at Ningaloo Reef, a fringing coral reef on the north-western coast of western Australia. Age estimates derived from band counts within sectioned vertebrae ranged between 1 and 27 years (H. uarnak, 1 - 25 yrs.; N. kuhlii, 1.5 - 13 yrs.; P. atrus, 1 - 27 yrs. and T. lymma, 1 -11 yrs.). Due to limitations of sample sizes, we combined several analytical methods …
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Possible Role Of Brain Angiotensin Ii In The Reduced Growth Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Daniel R. Jensen, Dr. James P. Porter
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The “Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat” strain (SHR) was bred to be innately hypertensive. This hypertension arises in part from over-activity of the brain Renin-Angiotensin system.1 Interestingly, the mean body weight of SHR is significantly reduced compared with the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto strain from which it originates. There are indications that high levels of exogenous Angiotensin II (ANG II) introduced in the brains of normotensive rats inhibit weight gain, and in some cases promote weight loss and/or wasting.2 The mechanism of this effect is not clearly understood, though some studies have shown that high levels of exogenous ANG II can induce anorexia or …
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?,
2013
Brigham Young University
Does Camkii Regulate Exocytosis Through Its Binding To Syntaxin?, Stephen M. Merino, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Neurons use chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to communicate with muscles and other neurons. In the axon terminal of a neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter is released from the neuron through a process called exocytosis. In exocytosis, synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and neurotransmitter is released from the cell. During exocytosis, important proteins in both the synaptic vesicle membrane and cell membrane called SNARE proteins bind to one another. These proteins are required for exocytosis. Exocytosis and subsequent neurotransmitter release is regulated by Ca2+. The mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates exocytosis is poorly understood.
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil,
2013
Brigham Young University
Creating Nutritionist Software To Aid A Poor Community In Northeastern Brazil, Jacob D. Durrant, David D. Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Virgem dos Pobres is an impoverished community on the banks of lake Mundaú in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its dirt roads are lined with houses made of mud and plaster, and sewage is disposed of by means of an open canal that runs through the community’s center. The neighborhood’s population is afflicted with many of the diseases common to extreme poverty: bacterial infections like impetigo, malnourishment, measles, mumps, etc. It was a great privilege to be able to work in some small way to help these wonderful people.
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf),
2013
Brigham Young University
The Luteolytic Potential Of Reduced Doses Of Prostaglandin Administered In The Ischiorectal Fossa (Irf), Jacob Brinkerhoff, Dr. Roy Silcox
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the past few years of my education at BYU, I have had the opportunity to study and learn about the dairy industry and what types of management programs are in place to help ensure higher production and lower costs. One of the most important and beneficial reproductive management techniques used on modern dairies is called induced luteolysis or induced destruction of a corpus luteum. This management practice, which can optimize reproductive performance in cattle, involves administration of a hormone called prostaglandin F2µ (PGF).
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro,
2013
Brigham Young University
Botox Cleavage Of Snare Proteins That Are Bound Together In Vitro, Josepp D. Walch, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
I finished my project last July (2005) just before Dr. Woodbury left for Germany to present his recent work at a few of the academic institutions of Europe. The project commenced in February of 2004.
Snare Regulation,
2013
Brigham Young University
Snare Regulation, Deborah Adams, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
SNARE proteins are involved in transporting molecules within our cells, but their mechanism of action is not well known (Figure 1). It is established that SNARE proteins aid in the process of vesicles docking at target membranes. When neuronal cells are excited calcium enters the cell and the docked vesicles fuse to the target membrane releasing their contents into the intercellular space called the synapse. It is not exactly known by what method calcium induces membrane fusion but it has been shown that syntaxin and synaptobrevin, or VAMP, are minimal machinery for membrane fusion (1).
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence,
2013
Brigham Young University
Understanding The Pathway Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Using Bioluminescence, Andrew Miner, Dr. Allen Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) is a protein involved in the genesis of cortisol, testosterone, estrogen and other steroids. In fact, it is the rate-limiting step in the process of steroidogenesis. StAR is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the outside of the mitochondrial matrix to the inside, where it undergoes chemical processes that turn it into the steroids listed above. The body is thought to increase the amount of StAR in mitochondrial membranes when it receives certain signals in order to create more steroids. My topic involves the mechanism for this upregulation.
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Effects During Embryogenesis And Tumorigenesis Of Dominant-Active Beta Catenin In Wnt Signaling, Melissa Schmidt, Dr. Jeffery Richard Barrow
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cell communication is crucial in multiceullar organisms. Cells have therefore devised signaling pathways for intracellular communication. One of these is the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling plays an important role in cell fate decisions during embryogenesis. In the adult, Wnt signaling has been hypothesized to be essential in the maintenance of adult gut, blood, and skin tissues. Interestingly, aberrant Wnt signaling has been found to be the primary defect in all colon cancers and to be the cause of other tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2,
2013
Brigham Young University
Measurement Of Proton Flux Through Influenza A Viral Protein M2, J. Craig Moffat, Matthew A. D'Haenens, David D. Busath, Dr. Dixon J. Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Influenza A viral protein M2 is known to conduct protons across viral, Golgi, and cell membranes. M2 allows acidification of the interior of the virion thus facilitating viral RNA uncoating. In the active form, M2 is a homotetramer. Each subunit consists of 97 amino acid residues with only one membrane-spanning region of 19 residues. The ion channel activity of M2 has been studied at physiological pH in cellular systems. It is also known that the channel is sensitive to the anti-influenza drug amantadine. Understanding M2 activity at pH 7 will give us greater knowledge of viral function, pharmacological sensitivities, …
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size,
2013
Brigham Young University
Vesicle Fusion: A Size Dependant Factor? The Role Of Ultrasound In Manipulating Vesicle Size, Eric Richardson, Dr. Dixon Woodbury
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Vesicles are microscopic spherical capsules that have many important applications in both medicine and biology. They are the cell’s primary vehicles for transporting proteins and other chemicals to and from organelles. In the last half century, artificial vesicles (AVs) have been manufactured to explore many biological mechanisms. More recently, AVs have been used as a drug-delivery tool on a microscopic level. This is a promising technique to fight life-threatening diseases such as cancer.
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition,
2013
Brigham Young University
Determining Treatment Of Children Suffering From Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Mary Ann Zarkou, Dr. Bruce Woolley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Severe malnutrition is one of the most devastating health problems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent types of malnutrition, and is divided into three major types: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. These diseases in children cause stunted growth, many physiological problems, and lead to increased risk for developing chronic diseases and increased morbidity rates. No effective treatment has been discovered.
Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis,
2013
Purdue University
Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis, Rebecca Anna Replogle
Open Access Dissertations
Calcium (Ca) is essential for multiple functions within the body including skeletal health. The level of Ca in the serum is tightly regulated. During periods of habitual low Ca intake, the body senses a decrease in serum Ca and increases renal conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). 1,25(OH)2D acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to increase intestinal Ca absorption, renal Ca reabsorption and skeletal Ca resorption. Efficient intestinal Ca absorption, especially during periods of low Ca intake, is critical for protecting bone mass. Ca absorption and its primary regulator, 1,25(OH)2D, are affected by both …
Effects Of Nitrite And Oxygen On Angiogenesis In Vascular Networks Of The Chicken Embryo,
2013
Virginia Commonwealth University
Effects Of Nitrite And Oxygen On Angiogenesis In Vascular Networks Of The Chicken Embryo, Michael Connery
Theses and Dissertations
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of angiogenesis and is primarily produced endogenously through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). An alternate pathway for NO production is the conversion of nitrite to NO, which depends on the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) and hypoxic conditions. The angiogenic effects of topically applied sodium nitrite on two vascular beds in the ex ovo chicken embryonic model of angiogenesis were assessed. Gas barrier films were used to modulate local oxygen levels in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a respiratory vascular network, and the area vasculosa (AV) on the yolk sac, a typical peripheral …
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm,
2013
Brigham Young University
Developing A New Fluctuating-Charge Force Field For Charmm, Soren Harward, David Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Molecular Dynamics (hereafter abbreviated MD) is a method of simulating on a computer the behavior of molecules. For over twenty years, it had been a valuable tool that has allowed chemists and physicists to observe chemical interactions that would are difficult or impossible to measure with standard laboratory equipment. The rapid growth of computing power has made feasible simulations of larger and larger systems, so that now biologists can use MD to study the complex chemistry of living organisms.
Erythrocyte Shape Change And Vesicle Release With Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin,
2013
Brigham Young University
Erythrocyte Shape Change And Vesicle Release With Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin, Jeremy Fairbourn, Dr. John Bell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The study of membrane properties has direct applications in many branches of science. These properties influence the shape and behavior of the cell. With respect to erythrocytes, the membrane becomes susceptible to the action of secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) following treatment with ionophores such as ionomycin. The changes produced by ionomycin are experimental analogs to occurrences in the body. The normal actions of the immune system and metabolism cause changes to the cells such that apoptosis is eventually the endpoint of the cell.
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Selectivity And Permeability Of Ammonium Ions At Varying Ph,
2013
Brigham Young University
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Selectivity And Permeability Of Ammonium Ions At Varying Ph, Jared Kevin Pearson, David D. Busath
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The M2 protein inside the Influenza A virus capsid is vital to the virus’ replication. When the virus enters a cell, the M2 protein forms ion channels that allow the viral RNA to dissociate from stabilizing proteins, enter the host cell nucleus, and replicate. Blocking the formation of these ion channels, or disabling M2 protein ion transport therefore is an important area of research; inactivating the channel will prevent Influenza A replication.
The Effects Of Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, And Tumor Necrosis Factor On Aldosterone Release From The Bovine Adrenal Cortex,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Effects Of Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, And Tumor Necrosis Factor On Aldosterone Release From The Bovine Adrenal Cortex, Todd A. Richards, Dr. Allan M. Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The adrenal is an endocrine gland that is important for the release of steroid hormones and cathecholamines. The adrenal gland is closely associated with the immune system. This association is closely linked by the release of cytokines. Cytokines are a diverse group of proteins first isolated within the immune system but have now been identified in numerous tissues, including those of the endocrine system. The principle cytokines affecting the adrenal gland are interleukin-1 (IL-alpha and IL-beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These cytokines can regulate adrenal function, particularly during increased stress and disease, and because they are produced …
Degeneration Of Articular Cartilage In The Temporomandibluar Joint Of Mice With Disproportionate Micromelia (Dmm),
2013
Brigham Young University
Degeneration Of Articular Cartilage In The Temporomandibluar Joint Of Mice With Disproportionate Micromelia (Dmm), Robert R. Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease affecting humans today. This disease leads to premature degradation of articular cartilage in joints, such as the knee, and it can be caused by mutations in collagen coding genes. Collagen is the basic building block of cartilage, so any mutations would affect the response of collagen to outside factors.
Type Iia Procollagen – Osteoarthritis Biomarker In Dmm Mice,
2013
Brigham Young University
Type Iia Procollagen – Osteoarthritis Biomarker In Dmm Mice, John Mcallister, Kenneth Merrell, Dr. Robert E. Seegmiller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Arthritis is a painful, debilitating disease that affects sixty-six million Americans (The Arthritis Foundation 2005). Osteoarthritis (OA), results in joint degeneration caused by cartilage erosion and synovial inflammation. While the causes of OA remain unclear, current evidence suggests that both mechanical and biochemical factors can initiate OA. Ethical and practical issues limiting the availability of human tissue in OA research necessitate the use of animal models. Mice with the disproportionate micromelia mutation (Dmm) exhibit histological characteristics similar to those of humans with OA. Use of Dmm as a model of OA may lead a discovery of a common mechanism associated …
