Physiology Commons^™

Physical Fitness And Self-Image: An Evaluation Of The Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures Of Physical Fitness, Jafra D. Thomas, J. Mark Vanness, Bradley J. Cardinal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 445-459, 2016. The purpose of this study was to perform a construct validity assessment of Kendzierski’s exercise self-schema theory questionnaire using objective measures of health-related physical fitness. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with an exercise self-schema would possess significantly greater physical fitness than those who did not across three domains of health-related physical fitness: Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and upper-body muscular endurance. Undergraduate student participants from one private university on the west coast of the United States completed informed consent forms and the exercise self-schema questionnaire within a classroom setting or at …

Eight Weeks Of Kettlebell Swing Training Does Not Improve Sprint Performance In Recreationally Active Females, Michael E. Holmstrup Ph.D., Brock T. Jensen Ph.D., William S. Evans, Emily C. Marshall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 437-444, 2016. The kettlebell swing (KBS), emphasizing cyclical, explosive hip extension in the horizontal plane, aligns with movement- and velocity-specificity of sprinting. The present study examined the effect of an eight-week KBS intervention on sprinting in recreationally-active females, in comparison to an eight-week intervention using the stiff-legged deadlift (SDL). Following a pre-testing session measuring 30 meter sprint and countermovement vertical jump performance, participants were divided evenly by sprint time into KBS (n=8) and SDL (n=10) cohorts. Following familiarization with the exercises, KBS met twice weekly to perform swings using the Tabata interval (20s work, …

Inter-Investigator Reliability Of Anthropometric Prediction Of 1rm Bench Press In College Football Players, Jerry L. Mayhew

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 427-436, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inter-investigator differences in anthropometric assessments on the prediction of one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press in college football players. Division-II players (n = 34, age = 20.4 ± 1.2 y, 182.3 ± 6.6 cm, 99.1 ± 18.4 kg) were measured for selected anthropometric variables and 1RM bench press at the conclusion of a heavy resistance training program. Triceps, subscapular, and abdominal skinfolds were measured in triplicate by three investigators and used to estimate %fat. Arm circumference was measured around a flexed biceps …

Cardiovascular Responses Between Low Cadence/High Force Vs. High Cadence/Low Force Cycling, Randy G. Canivel, Frank B. Wyatt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 419-426, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular responses during sustained power output comparing low cadence (LC) high force (HF) vs. high cadence (HC) Low force (LF) cycle ergometry. Nine participants (N = 9) volunteered for this study. Participants signed a Human Participants consent form. A power output of 150 watts (W) for 20 minutes was estimated as the sustainable workload. Participants were instructed to pedal steadily at 50 rpm (LC) or 100 rpm (HC) with resistance adjusted to sustain 150 W. The following measures were obtained each minute during …

The Effect Of Metronome Use On Heart Rates And Rpe For Drum Corps Percussionists, Danielle Dye, Vaughn Barry

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 412-418, 2016. The purpose was to evaluate if playing a musical selection without a metronome would affect the heart rates and rate of perceived exertion for drum corps percussionists. Heart rate and RPE values were collected from 11 battery and 12 front ensemble members from one drum corps. The music consisted of two portions of the show at different tempos of 96 and 176 beats per minute. The music was performed at "standstill" with the battery members lined up behind the front ensemble marching, but not moving around or carrying their instruments. The participants …

Adolescents’ Perception Of The Psychosocial Factors Affecting Sustained Engagement In Sports And Physical Activity, James Gavin, Madeleine Mcbrearty, Kit Malo, Michael Abravanel, Tatiana Moudrakovski

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 384-411, 2016. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents’ perceptions of psychosocial influences – personal characteristics, environmental factors and behavioural undertakings – influencing their prolonged involvement in sports and physical activity (PA). A qualitative approach was adopted wherein 16 adolescents (8 boys, 8 girls; mean age 15.9 years), who had been physically active for at least the last 8 years, and sixteen adults identified as their ‘parents’ or ‘guardians’ participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using the HyperRESEARCH software. Data were analysed using thematic analysis procedures. Four main …

The Effect Of Skinfold On The Assessment Of The Mean Power Frequency At The Fatigue Threshold, Alyssandra N. Baniqued,, Jorge M. Zuniga, Thomas C. Strunc, Katie M. Keenan, Agrini K. Boken, Jeff J. Anderson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 376-383, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount of subcutaneous tissue over the quadriceps affects the assessment of mean power frequency at the fatigue threshold (MPF_FT). It was hypothesized that greater skinfold values will result in lower power outputs associated to the MPF_FT. Fourteen adults (Mean ± SD age = 20.7 ± 0.99; body weight = 72.8 ± 12.6 kg) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured from the vastus lateralis. The skinfold thickness of each leg …

An Excitatory Cortical Feedback Loop Gates Retinal Wave Transmission In Rodent Thalamus, Yasunobu Murata, Matthew T. Colonnese

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Spontaneous retinal waves are critical for the development of receptive fields in visual thalamus (LGN) and cortex (VC). Despite a detailed understanding of the circuit specializations in retina that generate waves, whether central circuit specializations also exist to control their propagation through visual pathways of the brain is unknown. Here we identify a developmentally transient, corticothalamic amplification of retinal drive to thalamus as a mechanism for retinal wave transmission in the infant rat brain. During the period of retinal waves, corticothalamic connections excite LGN, rather than driving feedforward inhibition as observed in the adult. This creates an excitatory feedback loop …

Neuromuscular Alterations After Ankle Sprains: An Animal Model To Establish Causal Links After Injury, Lindsey K. Lepley, Patrick O. Mckeon, Shane G. Fitzpatrick, Catherine L. Beckemeyer, Timothy L. Uhl, Timothy A. Butterfield

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Context: The mechanisms that contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability are not understood. Investigators have developed a hypothetical model in which neuromuscular alterations that stem from damaged ankle ligaments are thought to affect periarticular and proximal muscle activity. However, the retrospective nature of these studies does not allow a causal link to be established.

Objective: To assess temporal alterations in the activity of 2 periarticular muscles of the rat ankle and 2 proximal muscles of the rat hind limb after an ankle sprain.

Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Setting: Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: …

Effects Of Short‐Term Free‐Weight And Semi‐Block Periodization Resistance Training On Metabolic Syndrome, Mark A. South, Andrew S. Layne, N. Travis Triplett, William A. Sands, Satoshi Mizuguchi, W. Guy Hornsby, Ashley Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The effects of short-term resistance training on performance and health variables associated with prolonged sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome (MS) were investigated. Resistance training may alter a number of health-related, physiological, and performance variables. As a result, resistance training can be used as a valuable tool in ameliorating the effects of a sedentary lifestyle including those associated with MS. Nineteen previously sedentary subjects (10 with MS and 9 with nonmetabolic syndrome [NMS]) underwent 8 weeks of supervised resistance training. Maximum strength was measured using an isometric midthigh pull and resulting force-time curve. Vertical jump height (JH) and power were measured …

Abiotic Factors Contributing To The Survival Of Three Tick Species In Southeastern Virginia, Amblyomma Americanum (Lone Star Tick), Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick), And Amblyomma Maculatum (Gulf Coast Tick), Lindsey A. Bidder

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, and Dermacentor variabilis are hard-bodied ticks in the Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia. This study consisted of two field projects focused on these tick species. To estimate the off-host survival of local tick species, a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study was performed. An environmental survival study was performed to quantify the ability of these three tick species to survive in situ. Four field sites were used in the Hampton Roads region covering a variety of habitat types and vegetation; specifically two drier, upland field sites and two flood-prone sites. CMR was conducted from May through …

Stable Engraftment Of Bifidobacterium Longum Ah1206 In The Human Gut Depends On Individualized Features Of The Resident Microbiome, María X. Maldonado-Gómez, Inés Martínez, Francesca Bottacini, Amy O’Callaghan, Marco Ventura, Douwe Van Sinderen, Benjamin Hillmann, Pajau Vangay, Dan Knights, Robert W. Hutkins, Jens Walter

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Live bacteria (such as probiotics) have long been used to modulate gut microbiota and human physiology, but their colonization is mostly transient. Conceptual understanding of the ecological principles as they apply to exogenously introduced microbes in gut ecosystems is lacking. We find that, when orally administered to humans, Bifidobacterium longum AH1206 stably persists in the gut of 30% of individuals for at least 6 months without causing gastrointestinal symptoms or impacting the composition of the resident gut microbiota. AH1206 engraftment was associated with low abundance of resident B. longum and underrepresentation of specific carbohydrate utilization genes in the pre-treatment microbiome. …

Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides Alter Spike Encoding By Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Neurons Through Two Distinct Mechanisms That Increase The Late Afterhyperpolarization, Masaru Ishibashi, Iryna Gumenchuk, Kenichi Miyazaki, Takafumi Inoue, William N. Ross, Christopher S. Leonard

NYMC Faculty Publications

Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides that regulate multiple homeostatic processes, including reward and arousal, in part by exciting serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons, the major source of forebrain serotonin. Here, using mouse brain slices, we found that, instead of simply depolarizing these neurons, orexin-A altered the spike encoding process by increasing the postspike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) via two distinct mechanisms. This orexin-enhanced AHP (oeAHP) was mediated by both OX1 and OX2 receptors, required Ca(2+) influx, reversed near EK, and decayed with two components, the faster of which resulted from enhanced SK channel activation, whereas the slower component decayed like a slow AHP (sAHP), …

Structural Dichotomy Of The Mind; The Role Of Sexual Neuromodulators, Ion G. Motofei, David L. Rowland

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The mind (mental function) and sexuality represent two distinct environmental functions, but which are supported within the brain by a common (somatic-autonomic) neurobiological substrate. As a consequence, mental function takes on autonomic characteristics from the sexual-autonomic system (like autonomy, duality), while sexual function takes on features from mental functioning (such as lateralization). In this paper we discuss the lateralized action of two classes of sexual neuromodulators: hormones and pheromones. This process of lateralization is assimilated with the structural dichotomy of the mind.

A relatively similar process but related to informational dichotomy of the mind will be presented in a forthcoming …

Sperm Morphometrics, Spermatogenesis, And Testicular Cycle Of The Rough Greensnake (Opheodrys Aestivus), John Douglas Konvalina

Student Theses and Dissertations

Spermatogenesis in ophidians is understudied, with little information on the rough greensnake, Opheodrys aestivus available. A cell wheel showing the chronological development of germ cell stages for this species was constructed. Sperm morphometrics were completed and compared with those of Nerodia rhombifer, the diamondback watersnake. Both species had similar sperm head length, while Opheodrys aestivus had significantly longer total sperm length. Total sperm length was positively correlated (r = 0.997, p < 0.001) with sperm tail length. Seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous tubule epithelial height were measured from Arkansas (AR) specimens and compared with those of Alabama (AL) specimens and AR measurements were found to be significantly greater in length. Future studies of O. aestivus need to investigate the testicular cycle in other parts of its geographic distribution to see if the monthly pattern is consistent and sperm morphometrics should be examined for other species within the family Colubridae.

Cycle Training Modulates Satellite Cell And Transcriptional Responses To A Bout Of Resistance Exercise, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Christopher S. Fry, Sami L. Michaelis, Jason S. Groshong, Brian S. Finlin, Philip A. Kern, Charlotte A. Peterson

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

This investigation evaluated whether moderate‐intensity cycle ergometer training affects satellite cell and molecular responses to acute maximal concentric/eccentric resistance exercise in middle‐aged women. Baseline and 72 h postresistance exercise vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from seven healthy middle‐aged women (56 ± 5 years, BMI 26 ± 1, VO_2max 27 ± 4) before and after 12 weeks of cycle training. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I‐ and II‐associated satellite cell density and cross‐sectional area was determined via immunohistochemistry. Expression of 93 genes representative of the muscle‐remodeling environment was also measured via NanoString. Overall fiber size increased ~20% with cycle training ( …

Isoacceptor Specific Characterization Of Trna Aminoacylation And Misacylation In Vivo, Kyle Mohler, Rebecca Mann, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Amino acid misincorporation during protein synthesis occurs due to misacylation of tRNAs or defects in decoding at the ribosome. While misincorporation of amino acids has been observed in a variety of contexts, less work has been done to directly assess the extent to which specific tRNAs are misacylated in vivo, and the identity of the misacylated amino acid moiety. Here we describe tRNA isoacceptor specific aminoacylation profiling (ISAP), a method to identify and quantify the amino acids attached to a tRNA species in vivo. ISAP allows compilation of aminoacylation profiles for specific isoacceptors tRNAs. To demonstrate the efficacy and …

Maintenance Of Transcription-Translation Coupling By Elongation Factor P, Sara Elgamal, Irina Artsimovitch, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Under conditions of tight coupling between translation and transcription, the ribosome enables synthesis of full-length mRNAs by preventing both formation of intrinsic terminator hairpins and loading of the transcription termination factor Rho. While previous studies have focused on transcription factors, we investigated the role of Escherichia coli elongation factor P (EF-P), an elongation factor required for efficient translation of mRNAs containing consecutive proline codons, in maintaining coupled translation and transcription. In the absence of EF-P, the presence of Rho utilization (rut) sites led to an ~30-fold decrease in translation of polyproline-encoding mRNAs. Coexpression of the Rho inhibitor Psu …

Relationship Between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores And Measures For Body Composition And Bone Mineral Density In Healthy Young College Women., Sojung Kim, Wi-Young So, Jooyoung Kim, Dong Jun Sung

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between bone-specific physical activity (BPAQ) scores, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy young college women.

METHODS: Seventy-three college women (21.7 ± 1.8 years; 162.1 ± 4.6 cm; 53.9 ± 5.8 kg) between the ages of 19 and 26 years were recruited from the universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea. We used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur BMD (left side; total hip, femoral neck). The BPAQ scores (past, pBPAQ; current, cBPAQ; total, tBPAQ) were used to …

Neural Representation Of Vocalizations In Noise In The Primary Auditory Cortex Of Marmoset Monkeys, Ruiye Ni

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Robust auditory perception plays a pivotal function in processing behaviorally relevant sounds, particularly when there are auditory distractions from the environment. The neuronal coding enabling this ability, however, is still not well understood. In this study we recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex of alert common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) while delivering conspecific vocalizations degraded by two different background noises: broadband white noise (WGN) and vocalization babble (Babble).

Noise effects on single-unit neural representation of target vocalizations were quantified by measuring the response similarity elicited by natural vocalizations as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Four consistent response …