Physiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Biofeedback Training On One Repetition Maximum Chest Press Performance, Joann C. Wakefield, Amber M. Shipherd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(8): 1105-1115, 2017. Biofeedback is a method of controlling normally automatic bodily functions by monitoring and training to acquire voluntary control over them (13). The purpose of this study was to determine if a heart-rate variability training program utilizing the emWave biofeedback device could increase performance on a simple strength task. Participants (n = 18) were randomly assigned to one of three groups and data were collected for a period of seven weeks. Data collection consisted of participants receiving training (experimental and alternate groups) or no training (control group), followed by a chest press one …

The Role Of Social Physique Anxiety, Social Support, And Perceived Benefits And Barriers To Exercise In An All-Female Fitness Camp Intervention, Lauren Easton, Brandonn Harris, Daniel Czech, Ashley D. Walker

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(8): 1094-1104, 2017. Only 20.3% of American adults meet the Center for Disease Control’s minimum recommended volume of exercise for anaerobic and aerobic physical activities (11). This small proportion representing those who reach the suggested physical activity levels is an issue of concern for researchers and practitioners in health-related disciplines; further, the Centers for Disease Control report that physical inactivity levels are even higher for women than those of males. In 2008, only 42% of women 18 years and older met the minimal federal levels of aerobic activity through leisure-time aerobic activity (2). This statistic …

Examining The Electrical Excitation, Calcium Signaling, And Mechanical Contraction Cycle In A Heart Cell, Kristen Deetz, Nygel Foster, Darius Leftwich, Chad Meyer, Shalin Patel, Carlos Barajas, Matthias K. Gobbert, Zana Coulibaly

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

As the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease has become a principal concern in modern society. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by a dysregulation of calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Calcium dysregulation, however, is not yet fully understood and is not easily predicted; this provides motivation for the subsequent research. Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process through which cardiomyocytes undergo contraction from an action potential. Calcium induced calcium release (CICR) is the mechanism through which electrical excitation is coupled with mechanical contraction through calcium signaling. The study of the interplay between electrical excitation, calcium signaling, and mechanical …

Physiological And Biomechanical Responses Of Highly Trained Distance Runners To Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Running, Kyle Barnes, Jessica N. Janecke

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

Background: As a way to train at faster running speeds, add training volume, prevent injury, or rehabilitate after an injury, lower-body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) have become increasingly commonplace among athletes. However, there are conflicting evidence and a paucity of data describing the physiological and biomechanical responses to LBPPT running in highly trained or elite caliber runners at the running speeds they habitually train at, which are considerably faster than those of recreational runners. Furthermore, data is lacking regarding female runners’ responses to LBPPT running. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the physiological and biomechanical responses to LBPPT …

Temperature Effects On An Axon’S Ability To Maintain Phasing Of A Rhythmic Motor System, Marissa Elaine Cruz

Theses and Dissertations

The precise timing of action potentials generated in the nervous system is crucial for generating adequate behavior. Once generated, action potentials travel along axons towards the neurons or muscles they innervate. Axons are also responsible for preserving the temporal fidelity of the generated action potentials. One challenge axons face is that they can be of considerable length, and exposed to changes in internal and external conditions. Temperature fluctuations, for example, affect the ion channels that generate and propagate action potentials causing changes in action potential speed. It is unclear if, and how, the timing of action potentials can be preserved …

Glomerular Hyperfiltration And Hypertension In Diabetes, Jie Zhang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of the hemodynamic alteration in diabetes. Glomerular hyperfiltration occurs in the early stage of diabetes mellitus and has been recognized to promote the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We determine the role of TGF response and the vascular tone of Af-Art in diabetic hyperfiltration and we found that 1) tubular high glucose directly activates NOS1 and increases NO generation in the macula densa, which inhibits TGF response and increases GFR; 2) high glucose dilates renal Af-Art through GLUT1 and mediated by NOS3-derived NO generation; 3) in diabetes, blunted TGF mediated by NOS1 …

Current Research And Statistical Practices In Sport Science And A Need For Change, Jake R. Bernards, Kimitake Sato, G. Gregory Haff, Caleb D. Bazyler

ETSU Faculty Works

Current research ideologies in sport science allow for the possibility of investigators producing statistically significant results to help fit the outcome into a predetermined theory. Additionally, under the current Neyman-Pearson statistical structure, some argue that null hypothesis significant testing (NHST) under the frequentist approach is flawed, regardless. For example, a p-value is unable to measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, unable to measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result, and unable to provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis. Many of these downfalls are key questions researchers strive …

Neuronal Degeneration And Short-Term Memory Impairment After Tbi, Obiamaraije Igwe

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was associated with impaired short-term memory with causes of vehicle accidents and falls. Protein plaques containing fibrinogen (Fg), are associated with memory loss. After TBI, Fg in blood was higher than normal (>~2 mg/ml), which resulted in increased Fg in extravascular space. Therefore, Fg bonded to its endothelial receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Fg then interacted with cellular prion protein (PrPC), which had a strong effect on the loss of memory and cognition. Mechanisms of Fg and PrPC complex formation and its functional implication are not known. This present study tested the level of Fg-PrPC …

Multigeneration Effects Of Chronic Exposure To Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Gulf Killifish (Fundulus Grandis), Andrea Yammine

LSU Master's Theses

The goal of this study was to examine potential adaptation within two generations of Gulf killifish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) while also investigating the use of mucus as an effective and non-lethal alternative to determine concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and vitellogenin (VTG) of F. grandis. Multiple biomarkers were used to assess adaptation within these fish, such as lysozyme (enzyme critical in innate immunity), and 11-ketotestosterone and vitellogenin (endocrine hormones often affected by PAHs).

Mucal concentrations of 11-KT and VTG were determined and evaluated for effectiveness through comparative assays with blood plasma. This method was then applied to …

Primary Upper Urinary Tract Small Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series And Literature Review, Patrick J. Hensley, Amul A. Bhalodi, Shubham Gupta

Urology Faculty Publications

Background: Primary upper urinary tract small cell carcinoma (SCC) is exceedingly rare with < 30 cases reported in the literature. Little is known about the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in these patients. We present a series of three patients with primary upper tract SCC.

Case Presentation: Patient 1 is an 89-year-old Caucasian male who presented with hydroureteronephrosis and a mass in the proximal right ureter. Biopsy revealed SCC. Without further intervention, the patient died 2 months after his diagnosis. Patient 2 is a 67-year-old Caucasian female who underwent left laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for primary distal ureteral SCC, pT4N1M0. She developed lymphadenopathy and completed external beam radiation to the pelvis and four courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. She died from metastatic disease 7 months after diagnosis. Patient 3 is a 45-year-old female who underwent …

Abnormal Contractility In Human Heart Myofibrils From Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy Due To Mutations In Ttn And Contractile Protein Genes, Petr G. Vikhorev, Natalia Smoktunowicz, Alex B. Munster, O'Neal Copeland, Sawa Kostin, Cecile Montgiraud, Andrew E. Messer, Mohammad R. Toliat, Amy Li, Cristobal G. Dos Remedios, Sean Lal, Cheavar A. Blair, Kenneth S. Campbell, Maya E. Guglin, Ralph Knoll, Steven B. Marston

Physiology Faculty Publications

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure. Single gene mutations in at least 50 genes have been proposed to account for 25–50% of DCM cases and up to 25% of inherited DCM has been attributed to truncating mutations in the sarcomeric structural protein titin (TTNtv). Whilst the primary molecular mechanism of some DCM-associated mutations in the contractile apparatus has been studied in vitro and in transgenic mice, the contractile defect in human heart muscle has not been studied. In this study we isolated cardiac myofibrils from 3 TTNtv mutants, and 3 with contractile protein mutations (TNNI3 …

Pharmaceutical And Natural (Exercise) Mechanisms To Mitigate The Negative Impact Of Ptsd And Chronic Stress On Synaptic Plasticity And Memory, Roxanne M. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Synapses can be altered due to experiences in a process called synaptic plasticity, which causes memory formations. Synapses can be strengthened through methods known as long-term potentiation (LTP) or weakened through long-term depression (LTD). Stresses can cause changes by altering synapses through either LTP or LTD. Rats were used to study the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms and a prophylactic treatment using pharmaceuticals. The first model used was the single prolonged stress (SPS) with two weeks of chronic light, which was not as effective for causing changes in synaptic plasticity. The second model, seven days of social defeat …

Calpain Inhibition Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation And Fibrosis In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Latha Muniappan, Aida Javidan, Weihua Jiang, Shayan Mohammadmoradi, Jessica J. Moorleghen, Wendy S. Katz, Anju Balakrishnan, Deborah A. Howatt, Venkateswaran Subramanian

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Adipose tissue macrophages have been proposed as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not completely defined. Calpains are calcium-dependent neutral cysteine proteases that modulate cellular function and have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. To define whether activated calpains influence diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation, mice that were either wild type (WT) or overexpressing calpastatin (CAST Tg), the endogenous inhibitor of calpains were fed with high (60% kcal) fat diet for 16 weeks. CAST overexpression did not influence high fat diet-induced body weight and fat mass gain throughout the study. …

Identifying New Treatment Options And Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes: The Potential Role Of Thymoquinone And Persistent Organic Pollutants, Shpetim Karandrea

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which develops as a consequence of peripheral insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. A high calorie diet coupled with physical inactivity are known risk factors for the development of T2DM; however, these alone fail to account for the rapid rise of the disease. Recent attention has turned to the role of environmental pollutants in the development of metabolic diseases. PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are environmental pollutants that have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the precise mechanisms are not …

Effects Of Heat Exposure On Body Water Assessed Using Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis And Bioimpedance Spectroscopy, Brett S. Nickerson, Michael R. Esco, Phillip A. Bishop, Brian M. Kliszczewicz, Henry N. Williford, Kyung-Shin Park, Bailey A. Welborn, Ronald L. Snarr, Danilo V. Tolusso

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1085-1093, 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine if heat exposure alters the measures of total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) in both single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Additionally, we sought to determine if any differences exist between the BIA and BIS techniques before and after brief exposure to heat. Body water was evaluated for twenty men (age=24±4 years) in a thermoneutral environment (22°C) before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) 15 min of passive heating (35°C) in an environmental chamber. The mean difference …

Repeated Plyometric Exercise Attenuates Blood Glucose In Healthy Adults, Saldiam R. Barillas, Casey M. Watkins, Megan A. Wong, Ian J. Dobbs, David C. Archer, Cameron N. Munger, Andrew J. Galpin, Jared W. Coburn, Lee E. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1076-1084, 2017. Plyometric exercise is popular in commercial exercise programs aiming to maximize energy expenditure for weight loss. However, the effect of plyometric exercise on blood glucose is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of relatively high intensity plyometric exercise on blood glucose. Thirteen subjects (6 females age= 21.8 ± 1.0 yrs.; height= 163.7 ± 7.8 cm; mass= 60.8 ± 6.7 kg and 7 males age= 22.0 ± 2.6 yrs.; height= 182.3 ± 3.6 cm; mass= 87.4 ± 12.5 kg) volunteered to participate. Subjects completed two random conditions on …

Is The Relationship Between Stride Length, Frequency, And Velocity Influenced By Running On A Treadmill Or Overground?, Joshua Paul Bailey, Tiffany Mata, John Mercer Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1067-1075, 2017. The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between stride length (SL), stride frequency (SF), and velocity while running on a treadmill and overground. Participants (n=10; 22.3±2.6 yrs; 1.71±.08 m; 71.4±15.5 kg) completed a total of 14 runs (7 treadmill, 7 overground) with each run at a different velocity. SL, SF, and velocity data were recorded using wearable technology (Garmin, Fenix2). The outdoor trials occurred first. The treadmill velocities were selected to match the range of velocities used overgroud. SL vs. velocity plots were generated for treadmill and overground data …

The Effects Of Resistance Training Volume On Skeletal Muscle Proteome, Ramires A. Tibana, Octávio L. Franco, Gabriel V. Cunha, Nuno M. F Sousa, Ivo V. Sousa Neto, Márcia M. Carvalho, Jeeser Alves De Almeida, James W. Navalta, Mariana O. Lobo, Fabricio A. Voltarelli, Rita C. Marqueti, João L.Q Durigan, Jonato Prestes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1051-1066, 2017. Studies are conflicting to whether low volume resistance training (RT) is as effective as high-volume RT protocols with respect to promoting morphological and molecular adaptations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare, using a climbing a vertical ladder, the effects of 8 weeks, 3 times per week, resistance training with 4 sets (RT4), resistance training with 8 sets (RT8) and without resistance training control (CON) on gastrocnemius muscle proteome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and cross sectional area (CSA) of rats. Fifty-two proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, …

Energy Cost Of Active And Sedentary Music Video Games: Handheld Gaming Vs. Walking And Sitting, Edwin Miranda, Brittany S. Overstreet, William A. Fountain, Vincent Gutierrez, Michael Kolankowski, Matthew L. Overstreet, Ryan M. Sapp, Christopher A. Wolff, Scott A. Mazzetti Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1038-1050, 2017. To compare energy expenditure during and after active and handheld video game drumming compared to walking and sitting. Ten experienced, college-aged men performed four protocols (one per week): no-exercise seated control (CTRL), virtual drumming on a handheld gaming device (HANDHELD), active drumming on drum pads (DRUM), and walking on a treadmill at ~30% of VO_2max (WALK). Protocols were performed after an overnight fast, and expired air was collected continuously during (30min) and after (30min) exercise. DRUM and HANDHELD song lists, day of the week, and time of day were identical for …

A Pre-Exercise Dose Of Melatonin Can Alter Substrate Use During Exercise, Cardyl P. Trionfante, Greggory R. Davis, Tyler M. Farney, Ryan W. Miskowiec, Arnold G. Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1029-1037, 2017. Notwithstanding the lack of exercise research, several reviews have championed the use of melatonin to combat metabolic syndrome. Therefore, this study compared substrate utilization during a 30-minute (min) graded exercise protocol following the ingestion of either 6 mg melatonin (M) or a placebo (P). Participants (12 women, 12 men) performed stages 1-5 of the Naughton graded exercise protocol (6 min per stage). The protocol was repeated 4 times (2x M, 2x P) at the same time of day with one week separating each session. Expired gases were monitored, VO₂ and respiratory …