Physiology Commons^™

Value Of Wellness Ratings And Countermovement Jumping Velocity To Monitor Performance, Michael T. Brasch, Kevin L. Neeld, Kristen F. Konkol, Robert W. Pettitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 88-99, 2019.This study examined the relationship between subjective ratings of overall wellness and neuromuscular performance throughout a 6-week intensive offseason strength and conditioning program. Thirty experienced NCAA Division II baseball players completed all phases of the program. A comprehensive wellness rating and 5 countermovement jumps (CMJ5) were measured and averaged for 4 phases of training. Pre- and post-testing measures of strength and speed also were evaluated. Internal consistency of the wellness rating for each phase ranged α = 0.77-0.92, and CMJ5 velocities had decent consistency (ICC_α= 0.88, TE = 0.19 m·s …

Reliability Of The Polar T31 Uncoded Heart Rate Monitor In Free Motion And Treadmill Activities, Jeffrey Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 69-76, 2019. The Polar T31 uncoded heart rate monitor (T31) is currently accepted as a precision measurement device that can be used in lieu of electrocardiography. However, minimal literature exists to verify reliability when used for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of heart rate (HR) measurements obtained from the T31. Forty volunteers participated in a three-day test-retest protocol. Participants gave anthropometric data on the first day. On the second day, they performed two 5-minute self-paced free motion walks (FMW) and two 5-minute self-paced free motion jogs (FMJ). …

Enhancing Cognitive Engagement Of Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students Via Video Cases And Interactive Quizzes In Problem-Based Learning, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Kulsoom Ghias, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the main pedagogical approaches utilized in the undergraduate medical education (UGME) program at a private medical college in Karachi, Pakistan. Video-enhanced cases and formative assessments were introduced at the end of PBL sessions to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted with Year 2 medical students (n=102; divided into 11 groups) and faculty (n=11) facilitating the PBL process. Of the 10 PBL cases, five were converted to video-enhanced cases and five were kept as paper-based, “traditional” cases. “Micro” videos were used to introduce clinical scenarios, augmented …

Activation Of Adenosine A2a But Not A2b Receptors Is Involved In Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate-Induced Porcine Coronary Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Changyan Sun, Tong Jiao, Daphne Merkus, Dirk J. Duncker, S. Jamal Mustafa, Zhichao Zhou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Activation of both adenosine A2A and A2B receptors (A2BR) contributes to coronary vasodilation. We previously demonstrated that uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) is a novel vasodilator in the porcine coronary microcirculation, acting mainly on A2AR in smooth muscle cells (SMC). We further investigated whether activation of A2BR is involved in Up4A-mediated coronary SMC relaxation. Both A2AR and A2BR may stimulate H2O2 production leading to activation of KATP channels in SMCs, we also studied the involvement of H2O2 and KATP channels in Up4A-mediated effect. Coronary small arteries dissected from the apex of porcine hearts were mounted on wire myograph for Up4A concentration …

Machine-Learning To Stratify Diabetic Patients Using Novel Cardiac Biomarkers And Integrative Genomics, Quincy A. Hathaway, Skyler M. Roth, Mark V. Pinti, Daniel C. Sprando, Amina Kunovac, Andrya J. Durr, Chris C. Cook, Garret K. Fink, Tristen B. Cheuvront, Jasmine H. Grossman, Ghadah A. Aljahli, Andrew D. Taylor, Andrew P. Giromini, Jessica L. Allen, John M. Hollander

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that impacts an increasing percentage of people each year. Among its comorbidities, diabetics are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. While HbA1c remains the primary diagnostic for diabetics, its ability to predict long-term, health outcomes across diverse demographics, ethnic groups, and at a personalized level are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for precision medicine through the implementation of machine-learning algorithms using multiple cardiac biomarkers as a means for predicting diabetes mellitus development. Methods: Right atrial appendages from 50 patients, 30 non-diabetic and 20 …

Redox Biology In Physiology And Disease, Matthew C. Zimmerman, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

No abstract provided.

Redox-Sensitive Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Iiα In Angiotensin Ii Intra-Neuronal Signaling And Hypertension, Urmi Basu, Adam J. Case, Jinxu Liu, Jun Tian, Yulong Li, Matthew C. Zimmerman

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Dysregulation of brain angiotensin II (AngII) signaling results in modulation of neuronal ion channel activity, an increase in neuronal firing, enhanced sympathoexcitation, and subsequently elevated blood pressure. Studies over the past two decades have shown that these AngII responses are mediated, in part, by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the redox-sensitive target(s) that are directly acted upon by these ROS to execute the AngII pathophysiological responses in neurons remain unclear. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of …

Acute Exercise And Mindfulness Meditation On Learning And Memory: Randomized Controlled Intervention, Malina Austin, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the potential combined effects of acute exercise and mindfulness mediation on episodic memory. Methods: All data collection occurred in the authors’ laboratory (January to May of 2019). In this three-arm, within-subject design, participants (N=20; Mage=21.6 years) completed three counterbalanced laboratory visits, including Exercise Only, Exercise + Meditation and Control. Learning and memory were assessed from a word-list task. A one-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was computed for two memory outcomes, including the learning outcome (average performance across the 6 trials) and the long-term memory recall (10-minute delay). Results: The …

Central Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Via Brainstem Catecholamine Neurons Counteracts Hypertension In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Kenichi Katsurada, Masanori Nakata, Toshinobu Saito, Boyang Zhang, Yuko Maejima, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Neeru M. Sharma, Kaushik K. Patel, Kazuomi Kario, Toshihiko Yada

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. Whether this action involves central mechanisms is unknown. We here report that repeated lateral ventricular (LV) injection of GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, once daily for 15 days counteracted the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In parallel, it suppressed urinary norepinephrine excretion, and induced c-Fos expressions in the area postrema (AP) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of brainstem including the NTS neurons immunoreactive to dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). Acute administration of liraglutide into fourth ventricle, the area with easy access to …

Data Collection Curated With An Application Ontology Describes The Methods And Results Upon Performing An Ex-Vivo Voltage-Clamp Assay On Outer Hair Cells Of The Mammalian Cochlea, Brenda Farrell, Jason Bengtson

Research Data

This data collection describes the electrical properties of outer hair cells isolated from the mammalian cochlea of the domestic guinea pig. This data was obtained by performing whole-cell patch clamp voltage clamp assay on cells and monitoring the electrical admittance during a DC voltage ramp. The membrane capacitance was then calculated at each membrane potential from this admittance, and the voltage-independent and voltage-dependent membrane capacitance was determined upon further analysis. In some case the DC conductance was also measured by interrogation of the cell with voltage-step function which was calculated from the change in the mean steady-state current with respect …

Food For Thought, Beenish M. Chaudhry

School of Computing and Informatics

Healthy eating is essential to avoid many health problems, but identifying health-promoting foods and behaviors is difficult for most individuals. Fooducate is a diet tracking app that comes with a variety of tools, features and support mechanisms that claim to simplify the task of eating healthy. Based on our analysis of the user reviews, we identified five benefits that Fooducate users have reported experiencing in relation to achieving good health: improved food choices, increased awareness, weight loss personalized care and “ever-present” human support. Fooducate can align itself more closely with users’ goal of achieving healthy lifestyle by expanding its database, …

Effect Of Administration Of Somatostatin Analogue On Blood Pressure In Chronic Intermittent Hypoxic Rats, Kajal Kamra

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The cardiorespiratory system in our bodies does not adapt to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and consequently syndromes such as sleep apnea lead to pathophysiological conditions like Hypertension. It has been demonstrated that the peripheral chemoreceptors underpin the development of these conditions and at present, there are no selective drug therapies for this form of hypertension. However, evidence suggests that peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to CO2 & hypoxia is reduced by Somatostatin (SST) in humans. Our preliminary in-vitro studies have demonstrated that SST will blunt the response of the carotid body to hypoxia and decrease the baseline activity of the carotid body. …

Menstrual Cycle And The Vascular Properties Of Remote Preconditioning, Shelby Rachel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: A promising therapeutic intervention to counteract endothelial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Limited data from ovariectomized animal models shows that estrogen deficiency abolishes the cardioprotective effects of IPC, whereas estrogen replacement restores protection. This suggests that alterations in female sex hormones, particularly estrogens, that occur naturally during the menstrual cycle is likely to influence the vascular protective properties of IPC. The aim of the present study was to identify how changes in female sex hormones that occur naturally during the menstrual cycle interfere with IPC to provide vascular endothelial protection in women. METHODS: Nine healthy premenopausal eumenorrheic …

Autonomic And Redox Imbalance Correlates With T-Lymphocyte Inflammation In A Model Of Chronic Social Defeat Stress, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Christopher W. Collins, Allison J. Kohl, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing comorbid inflammatory conditions, but the mechanisms underlying this predilection remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that T-lymphocytes exposed to elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) displayed a pro-inflammatory signature reminiscent of an autoreactive phenotype. With this, we hypothesized that the increased sympathetic tone observed during psychological trauma may be promoting pro-inflammatory T-lymphocytes, which causes a predisposition to comorbid inflammatory conditions. Here, we examined the consequences of psychological trauma on splenic T-lymphocytes using a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress. Social defeat led to anxiety-like …

Molecular Machinery For The ‘Kiss And Run’ Mechanism Of Insulin Secretion, Akshata Ramesh Naik

Wayne State University Dissertations

The insulin secreting porosome is a supramolecular lipo-protein complex that

measures roughly 100 – 120 nm in diameter. Porosomes allow transient fusion of insulin

secretory granules to the cell plasma membrane and mediates partial release of secretory

contents. Post secretion, the secretory granule reseals and re-enters to the cell interior.

This is in contrast to the ‘total fusion’ phenomenon, where secretory vesicles completely

fuse at the cell plasma membrane and release all of the contents to the cell exterior. This

study involved a deeper understanding of the transient or ‘kiss-and-run’ mechanism of

cell secretion that involves the insulin secreting porosome …

Adolescent Binge Alcohol Exposure Effects On Heart Structure And Function, Lizhuo Ai

Master's Theses

More than 5 million underage Americans report binge drinking at least once per month. While the effects of alcohol consumption on the adult heart have been well studied, the impact to the adolescent heart is almost entirely unknown. Adolescents primarily consume alcohol in a binge pattern, which elevates blood alcohol content (BAC) to 0.08 g/dL within 2 hours. During adolescence the body grows rapidly, and the heart must also grow by cellular hypertrophy to meet this increasing demand. Our goal was to determine the impact of adolescent binge alcohol exposure on the heart, using an outbred rat model. This thesis …

Anthocynanins, Lily Lincoln, Maxkenzie Taticek

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This slide presentation for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College summarizes anthoxyanins, flavonoid water soluble pigments in plants like blueberries and other blue and purple plants -- their chemical composition, role in plants, and benefits as antioxidants.

Norepinephrine Induces Macrophage Polarization Critical To Eliciting Renal Fibrogenesis, Hannah Manoj

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Renal denervation before ischemic injury has been shown to protect against fibrogenesis and the inflammatory response, which are two causes for the progression of chronic kidney disease. However, the administration of norepinephrine (NE) to denervated renal systems induced fibrogenesis and inflammation after ischemic injury. Our previous data indicates that NE-mediated stimulation of the α2-AR receptors is responsible for regulating several of the processes implicated in fibrogenesis and inflammation, including the accumulation, migration, and infiltration of macrophages to the site of injury; this is especially relevant as macrophages have been implicated as one potential cause for the inflammatory response.

Recent studies, …

The Relationship Between Seasonal Breeding And Deiodinase Expression In The Green Anole Lizard, Hyejoo Kang

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Reproductive physiology and behavior is mainly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. Interestingly, abnormal levels of thyroid hormone (TH) results in the delayed onset of puberty and affects gonadal function of adults by altering HPG axis activity. Seasonally breeding animals undergo drastic hormonal and behavioral changes between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), similar to other seasonally breeding animals, have increased sex steroid hormones, larger gonads, upregulated gonadal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and increased reproductive behavior during the breeding compared to non-breeding seasons. Relatively less is known regarding the regulation of gonadal TH in seasonal …

Rates Of Water Loss And Metabolism In The Eggs Of Stick Insect Eurycantha Calcarata, Garret K. Jolma

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

The thorny devil stick insect (Eurycantha calcarata) of New Guinea has eggs that take four months or more to develop—incredibly long for an insect. Long development times can be a challenge for eggs because of their finite resources, including nutrients, energy to support development, and water. I investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying long development times in stick insect eggs.

The first experiment examined rates of water loss and survival of eggs held in different experimental humidities (0, 75, or 100% RH). Eggs dried quickly in the 0% humidity “dry” container; and more slowly in the 75% humidity “intermediate” …