Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Consequences Of Cold Water Immersion: Impacts And Treatment, Patrick J. Buck Ph.D., Commander William Roberts, Commander Ken Minehane

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This paper documents a demonstration project conducted by the authors under the auspices of the Irish Naval service. It explores and describes in detail the consequences that cold water immersion can have on the human body. Further, this study investigates post immersion treatment and survival challenges and proposes appropriate casualty care regimes with specific focus on ‘post rescue collapse’ and ‘afterdrop.’ Observations of individual differences in response are reported.

Phase- Specific Changes In Rate Of Force Development And Muscle Morphology Throughout A Block Periodized Training Cycle In Weightlifters, Dylan G. Suarez, Satoshi Mizuguchi, William Guy Hornsby, Aaron J. Cunanan, Donald J. Marsh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was used. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and ultrasonography (US) results were compared to examine the effects of three specific phases of a training cycle leading up to a competition. During the high volume strength-endurance phase (SE) small depressions in rate of force development (RFD) but statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and body mass (BM) were observed. The lower volume …

Time-Course Of Changes In Physiological, Psychological And Performance Markers Following A Functional-Fitness Competition, Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Jonato Prestes, Nuno Frade Sousa, Vinicius C. De Souza, Otávio De Tolêdo Nóbrega, Matheus Baffi, Carlos Ernesto S. Ferreira, Gabriel Veloso Cunha, James W. Navalta, Joice Cristina Dos Santos Trombeta, Cláudia R. Cavaglieri, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 904-918, 2019. Functional Fitness Training (FFT) programs are characterized by utilizing a high volume of training and using a variety of high intensity exercises. While FFT are growing in the number of practitioners and popularity, the relationship between physiological biomarkers and subjective scales in the specific context of FFT has not yet been evaluated in the literature. The purpose of the present study was to monitor the time-course response of cytokines (IL-10 and 1L-1b), immune variables (C-reactive protein -CRP and immunoglobulin A-IgA), hormonal milieu (cortisol-C, total testosterone-TT, free testosterone-FT and testosterone/cortisol-T/C ratio), creatine kinase-CK, …

Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Masks (Blastmask) Versus Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (Scba) For Firefighters: A Pilot Study, Thomas Andre, Silvio Valladao, Shana Walsh, Derek Reisbeck

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 941-949, 2019. Despite maintaining high levels of fitness, firefighters’ performance may be negatively impacted by the use of a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), an essential piece of safety equipment worn during structural firefighting. Routine training with SCBAs can be cost-prohibitive and inefficient. The Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Mask (BlastMask) was developed as a training aid used to simulate the SCBA. The purpose of this study was to examine physiological and perceptual responses elicited by firefighters during steady state exercise when using the BlastMask compared to the SCBA. Current staff male firefighters (n …

The Impact Of Physical Activity And Sleep On Physiology Following A Mtbi, Garrett L. Lindsey, Alia Yasen, Anita Christie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 919-931, 2019. A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common injury that happens to people across a range of lifestyles. Rest has been regarded as the most effective remedy to restore impaired physiological functions in those who have experienced this kind of injury. However, recent data suggests that a gradual increase in physical activity post-injury can lead to quicker recovery from negative symptoms. The impact of physical activity on physiologic recovery is not completely understood and the purpose of this study was to better understand how physical activity and sleep influence physiological outcomes …

Comparison Of College Student Hypertension Prevalence Between The Jnc7 And Acc/Aha Diagnostic Criteria, Kadiatu Kamara, Oliver W A Wilson, Zack Papalia, Melissa Bopp, C M. Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 898-903, 2019. Hypertension is highly prevalent and associated with non-communicable diseases and increased premature mortality risk. However, the impact of the new hypertension diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of hypertension diagnoses has yet to be examined among college students. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of hypertension between the JNC7 and the ACC/AHA hypertension diagnostic criteria among college students. The blood pressure of 5,945 college students was assessed, and chi-square tests for independence examined differences between JNC7 and ACC/AHA criteria. The mean age of participants was 21.30 ± 1.05 years, …

The Validity Of Resting Metabolic Rate (Rmr)-Prediction Equations And Reliability Of Measured Rmr In Female Athletes, Kelsi Mackay, Katie Schofield, Stacy Sims, Joseph Mcquillan, Matthew Driller

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 886-897, 2019. The aim of the current study was to; 1) assess the test-retest reliability of an indirect calorimetry analyzer (Parvo Medics TrueOne), and 2) compare measured RMR with three RMR-predictive (pRMR) equations in female athletes. In part one, 12 recreationally-exercising women (mean ± SD; age 27.5 ± 12.3 y) performed two RMR assessments, on separate days, utilising the Parvo Medics TrueOne analyser. In part two, 25 recreationally-exercising women to sub-elite athletes (mean ± SD; age 30.1 ± 10.2 y) underwent an RMR assessment using the Parvo Medics TrueOne analyser, which was compared to …

Effects Of Home-Based Exercise Training Systems, Combined With Diet, On Cardiometabolic Health, Christian K. Roberts, David E. Segovia, Eli Lankford

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 871-885, 2019. The efficacy of exercise training systems designed to be used in the home on cardiometabolic outcomes remains largely unknown. This investigation included two studies. Study 1 tested the effects a multi-exercise pulley system(NordicTrack Fusion CST with video trainer) and Study 2 an incline trainer (NordicTrack X22i with video trainer), both combined with daily food provision, for 12-weeks on indices of cardiometabolic health. Study 1 enrolled 27 adults (11 men, 16 women, 33.8±4.4 years of age) and Study 2 enrolled 29 adults (11 men, 18 women, 40.8±12.5 years of age). Pre- and post-intervention …

Hydration Status And Perception Of Fluid Loss In Male And Female University Rugby Union Players, Trev Muth, Robert C. Pritchett, Kelly Pritchett, James Depaepe, Rachael Blank

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 859-870, 2019. Rugby union players are at risk for dehydration due to the high physiologic demand of the sport (~7.5 MJ/game). Dehydration could be due to lack of knowledge of fluid lost during activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the hydration status and sweat loss estimations of male and female university rugby union players over three consecutive training sessions. Body mass, urine specific gravity (USG), and self-reported thirst scores were recorded pre and post training sessions. Sweat loss estimations were recorded post training session. After estimations, participants were shown his …

Lower-Body Power And Its Relationship With Body Drag Velocity In Law Enforcement Recruits, Matthew R. Moreno, Joseph M. Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Karly Cesario, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 847-858, 2019. The body drag (BD) is used as a test to measure a law enforcement officer (LEO) recruit’s capability to rescue an individual. However, the physical characteristics associated with faster BD performance have not been identified. It could be expected that lower- body power, often measured via jump performance, could positively relate to BD performance. This study investigated the relationship between the vertical jump (VJ), peak anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw), power-to-body mass ratio (P:BM), standing broad jump (SBJ), and relative SBJ, with BD velocity in LEO recruits. Retrospective analysis of data …

Self-Myofascial Release Does Not Improve Back Squat Range Of Motion, Alter Muscle Activation, Or Aid In Perceived Recovery 24-Hours Following Lower Body Resistance Training., Zach M. Beier, Ian L. Earp, John A. Korak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 839-846, 2019. Self-myofascial release (SMR) is an alternative therapy believed to increase myofascial mobility by exciting muscles and increasing blood flow to the treated area. Previous literature suggest SMR produces conflicting results on performance, muscle activation, range of motion (ROM), and recovery. This study was designed to utilize SMR on a fatigued individual prior to exercise and measure its’ effects on muscle activation, ROM, and perceived recovery compared to a dynamic warm-up session. The findings could help develop an efficient warm-up protocol for resistance-trained individuals. Electromyography (EMG) measured muscle activation of the rectus femoris …

Measurement Of Strength Gains Using A Fascial System Exercise Program, Michele M. Bond, Richard Lloyd, Robyn A. Braun, James A. Eldridge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 825-838, 2019. Current fascia research is allowing for an interdisciplinary understanding of the body’s anatomical, biomechanical, and neurological connectivity via the fascial network. Fascial research and its application has been validated and established in various clinical areas of research. The purpose of this study was to apply the current knowledge of the fascial system to general exercise protocols. This study involved 20 women, ages 30-60 years, who were novice weight trainers, mostly sedentary, and with no injuries, excessive pain or disease. The 10-week study compared strength gain changes between a strength training regimen control …

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger, Janette Walton, Et Al

Publications

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to …

Recommendations For Measurement And Management Of An Elite Athlete, William Sands, Marco Cardinale, Jeni Mcneal, Steven Murray, Christopher Sole, Jacob Reed, Nikos Apostolopoulos, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Athletes who merit the title ‘elite’ are rare and differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from athletes of lower qualifications. Serving and studying elite athletes may demand non-traditional approaches. Research involving elite athletes suffers because of the typical nomothetic requirements for large sample sizes and other statistical assumptions that do not apply to this population. Ideographic research uses single-athlete study designs, trend analyses, and statistical process control. Single-athlete designs seek to measure differences in repeated measurements under prescribed conditions, and trend analyses may permit systematic monitoring and prediction of future outcomes. Statistical process control uses control charting and other methods from …

Household Support For Physical Activity In Adolescent Girls Living In Primarily Low Socioeconomic Status Neighborhoods, Kristie Rupp, Sharon E. Taverno Ross, Tiffany L. Gary-Webb, Thomas Akiva, John M. Jakicic

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 811-824, 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perception of household support and physical activity levels of adolescent girls living in primarily low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods. The sample consisted of thirty-six adolescent girls (N=36; 60% non-Hispanic Black; mean age of 14.6 ± 1.3 [mean ± sd]; median body mass index (BMI) percentile of 90.5 [58.5, 97.0]) living in primarily low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods. Trained researchers measured participants’ height and weight, and administered questionnaires to assess perception of household support for physical activity and minutes per day participating …

Eeg Responses To Incremental Self-Paced Cycling Exercise In Young And Middle Aged Adults, Rachel M. Maceri, Nicholas P. Cherup, Nicholas J. Hanson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 800-810, 2019. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method of measuring electrical activity of the brain during exercise. There is conflicting evidence as to how neural activity changes in relation to incremental exercise testing (IET), or if age has any effect. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) how brain activity changes throughout an IET, and 2) if age affects this response. 13 younger (age: 24.9 ± 2.6 years, 9 males) and 10 middle-aged (49.1 ± 3.2 years, 3 males) recreationally active individuals volunteered for this study. A self-paced, perceptually regulated IET was …

Food Traceability In School Foodservice Operations: Benefits And Challenges, Basem Boutros, Kevin Roberts, Naiqing Lin, Kevin Sauer

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Purpose/Objectives: This study explored food traceability systems in school foodservice in the United States and the potential benefits and challenges to their implementation.

Methods: An online questionnaire was developed and used to collect data. A mixed-mode approach was followed to recruit the participants. A convenience sample of 500 school nutrition professionals from Qualtrics panel was targeted for data collection with the goal of having responses from 300 participants. Due to low response rate from the initial panel, the contact information of a second convenience sample of 200 child nutrition professionals with no geographic representation was obtained from the National Center …

A Mixed-Methods Approach To Understanding The Relationship Between Mental Toughness And The Effect Of Music On Exercise Performance, Kayla Baker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has investigated the use of music as an ergogenic aid for exercise performance; however, the effect of music on exercise may differ between individuals of varying levels of mental toughness (MT). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of MT on the effect of listening to music during exercise. Methods: The current study used a counter-balanced design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach. Thirty-one recreationally-active individuals (22.13 ± 2.11 yrs, 1.73 ± .10 m, 75.68 ± 14.67 kg, 42.89 ± 5.31 mL·kg·min-1; 65.5% males) were recruited for this study. Participants completed an initial visit to …

Noninvasive Myographical Assessments Following Unaccustomed Resistance Exercise, Carleigh Boone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Traditionally, post-exercise muscular alterations have been examined using invasive techniques that lack the ability to single out individual muscle groups. Sonomyography, tensiomyography, and electrical impedance myography allow for noninvasive skeletal muscle assessment. This project aimed to examine changes in muscle contractility and composition that occur in the early stages of recovery following unaccustomed exercise. METHODS: Twenty-one untrained adults (21.9 ± 1.9 y) performed exercise – 10 × 10 maximal eccentric knee extensions – with their nondominant leg. For each repetition, participants moved through 90° range of motion at 90°•s-1 with a passive return to the start position. Each set was …

Effects Of Rest Position On Ultrasound-Derived Morphological Characteristics Of The Vastus Lateralis And Lower-Body Force Production, Alyssa Varanoske

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound assessment of the lower body typically encompasses 10-15 minutes of supine rest prior to examination because of the potential influence of gravitational fluid shifts on tissue size and composition. However, examination of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle requires individuals to lay in the lateral recumbent position, and this change in position may influence muscle morphological characteristics and their ability to predict muscle function. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of rest position on ultrasound-derived morphological characteristics of the VL and to determine whether or not rest position affects the relationships between muscle morphological …