Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Assessment Of Neutrophil Functional Activity Following Prolonged Endurance Exercise, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Kaoru Sugama, Kayo Yoshitani, Koso Shiraishi, Takashi Kometani, Shigeki Miura, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Yuichi Mori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Neutrophils not only play an important role in host defense by migrating to the site of infection and producing reactive oxygen species (RO S), but also mediate pathological process in inflammatory tissue damage. Therefore, it is import ant not only to assess but also modulate neutrophil activities for disease prevention. We hav e reported that exhaustive exercise causes neutrophil priming (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 81, 1213-1222, 1996) which might be associated wi th muscle damage (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 87, 1360-1367, 1999), but antioxidant capacity is also activated following exercise (Suzuki et al. …

Running Economy And Cytokines: What The Influence Of Il-6 And Il-10?, Luiz Luna Jr., Roberta Paiva, Ana Sierra, Andre Bachi, Pedro Vaisberg, Mauro Vaisberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: During the exercise performing the muscle produce cytokines, named “myokines”. These molecules show autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. One of them IL-6 demonstrates both pro and anti-inflammatory actions. Usually they have an anti-inflammatory action when produced by working muscles and when produced by other tissues, especially adipose, they assume a pro-inflammatory profile. Athletes´ performance, especially those that run long distances races (endurance) is associated with higher levels of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Running economy (RE) is a methodology used to evaluate the performance of runners and is defined as "the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) required for maintain …

Assessment Of Neutrophil Functional Activity Following Prolonged Endurance Exercise, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Kaoru Sugama, Kayo Yoshitani, Koso Shiraishi, Takashi Kometani, Shigeki Miura, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Yuichi Mori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ntroduction: Neutrophils not only play an important role in host defense by migrating to the site of infection and producing reactive oxygen species (RO S), but also mediate pathological process in inflammatory tissue damage. Therefore, it is import ant not only to assess but also modulate neutrophil activities for disease prevention. We hav e reported that exhaustive exercise causes neutrophil priming (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 81, 1213-1222, 1996) which might be associated wi th muscle damage (Suzuki et al. J. Appl. Physiol. , 87, 1360-1367, 1999), but antioxidant capacity is also activated following exercise (Suzuki et al. …

The Effect Of Combination Of Tamoxifen With Interval And Continue Training On Tumor Mass In Mice With Breast Cancer Tumor, Omid Salehian, Rahman Soori Dr, Zuhair Muhammad Hassan Full Prof., Ali Asghar Ravasi Dr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Beast cancer is considered as the most common malignancy among females in the world .in Iran, this cancer is also the most prevalent malignancy among women. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Tamoxifen and interval and continues training on tumor mass Balb/c mice suffering from breast cancer

Methods: for this reason 30 female balb/c mice were utilized and after transplant carcinoma tumor to mice randomly divided in 4 groups 6 groups as follow : 1:tumor-control 2:tumor-continue training 3:tumor –continue training-Tamoxifen 4:tumor-interval training 5: tumor-interval training-Tamoxifen 6:tumor-tamoxifen. Continues training protocol was done for …

Physical Exercise And Its Implications For Aging Immunity And Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Advancing age is associated with a profound decline in the normal functioning of the immune system that is commonly referred to as immunosenescence. Impaired responses to vaccination and the increased incidence of infection and malignancy seen in the elderly are often considered to be a direct consequence of immunosenescence. A large body of cross-sectional data has shown that habitual exercise is associated with enhanced functional responses in both the innate and adaptive arms of the aging immune system, indicating that exercise may help curtail the onset of immunosenescence. However, it is not known if exercise is also capable of reversing …

Exploring The Mechanisms Behind The Effects Of Chronic Bovine Colostrum Supplementation On Risk Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Arwel W. Jones, Rhys Thatcher, Luis A J Mur, Simon J S Cameron, Marikka Beecroft, Glen Davison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic bovine colostrum (COL) supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Fifty seven highly active males (aged 18-62) were randomised to daily supplementation of 20g of COL (N = 28) or an isoenergetic/isomacronutrient placebo (PLA) (N = 29) for 12 weeks under double-blind procedures. Daily illness and weekly activity logs were completed. Resting blood samples collected at baseline and at 12 weeks were analysed for total/differential leukocyte counts and in-vitro stimulated neutrophil oxidative burst. Metabolomic profiling of serum samples at these timepoints was performed using fourier transform …

Exercise Selectively Mobilises Skin-Homing Effector Cd8+ T Cells And Natural Killer Cells Into Peripheral Blood., John P. Campbell, James E. Turner, Alex Wadley, Jos A. Bosch, Mark T. Drayson, Sarah Aldred

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Acute exercise induces a transient mobilisation of lymphocyes into peripheral blood that is largely comprised of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The magnitude of this response is dependent on the differentiation status of these lymphocyte subsets, thus cells with a capacity to initiate rapid effector function (i.e., cytokine secretion and target killing) exhibit the largest changes in response to exercise. It is hypothesised that the effector cells preferentially mobilised into the bloodstream have high tissue-migrating potential, however, the origin of these cells, and their potential homing destination(s) following exercise has not been established in humans. Accordingly, …

Effect Of Ageing And Exercise Training On Myokine Expression Responses To Acute Exercise, Paul A. Della Gatta, Michelle M. Farnfield, Jonathan M. Peake, Andrew P. Garnham, David Cameron-Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Age-related muscle loss is a major contributor to falls, fraility and mortality. It has been widely suggested that chronic, age-related inflammation contributes to the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with ageing. Indeed, ageing is associated with elevations in a number of circulating inflammatory proteins, many of which have detrimental effects on skeletal muscle growth and protein balance. Exercise training has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and, therefore, may represent an appropriate means to reduce age-related inflammation and counteract sarcopenia. Yet few studies have evaluated the effect of aging on skeletal muscle expression of inflammatory proteins and …

Infections And Immune Disturbances: Clinical-Based Outcomes, Stephane Bermon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Whatever their level or type of sport practice, athletes are exposed to infectious diseases or immune-related problems. This susceptibility is partly explained by exercise-induced immuno-suppression. Moreover, many athletes are exposed to either pathogens or physico-chemical influences while practising their sports. Indeed, the respiratory tract, the digestive tract as well as the skin and mucosa can be seriously challenged in some aerobic outdoor or indoors sports as well as in some contact sports. At the upper respiratory tract level, and especially after exercise-associated hyperventilation, symptoms may develop, but it is sometimes difficult for the medical staff to confirm any infectious origin. …

Genome-Wide Translational Profiling Of The Inflammatory Response Of Macrophages To Lps, Hiroaki Sako Mr, Katsuhiko Suzuki Prof.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Exercise causes both inflammation and anti-inflammation and the details are complex. Genome-wide analysis, including proteomics or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), is beneficial to reveal the complexity and to screen novel factors. However, there are some difficulties. Proteomics shows low reproducibility and analytical bias (eg., hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins). Although RNA-seq or microarray present robust reproducibility, it has been known that the correlation of mRNA and protein levels is low (R² = 0.17 ~ 0.41). This is due to translational regulation. Considering translational efficiency, the correlation is boosted to R² = 0.95.

In 2009, newly introduced technique based …

Healthy Body Healthy Mind: Trialling An Exercise Intervention For Reducing Depression In Youth With Major Depressive Disorder, Robin Callister Prof, Adriana Giles, Yasmina Nasstasia, Amanda L. Baker, Ben Dascombe, Sean Halpin, Leanne Hides, Brian Kelly

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has high prevalence among adolescents and young adults but evidence of any effective treatments is limited. Exercise as an effective treatment for adults has some support but studies in younger populations are lacking. MDD is associated with inflammation and exercise may contribute to reductions in inflammatory marker levels. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of brief motivational interviewing (MI) plus 12-weeks exercise training as a treatment for MDD in youth.

Methods: Youth (15-25 years) with MDD were recruited to participate in a prospective trial investigating exercise as …

The Effects Of Active Recovery During High Intensity Resistance Training On Lactate Clearance In Collegiate Athletes, Christopher Alexander Perry

Online Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: With the development of more intense and complex strength and conditioning programs, it is necessary to discover the best possible means of recovery during workout sessions to increase athletic performance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of active recovery during the rest periods of a resistance training session on lactate clearance in varsity collegiate athletes.

Methods: Twenty healthy varsity collegiate athletes age 18-22 yr participated in a collegiate strength and conditioning workout session. Participants were randomly divided into an active recovery group (A.R.) and a passive recovery group (P.R.). Both groups performed 5 exercises for …

Differences In Semg Between Normal Squats And Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Squats In Competitive Collegiate Weightlifters, Christopher Macdonalds, Kimitake Sato, Christian Carter, Hugh Lamont, William Sands, Michael H. Stone, Michael Israetel, Jeremy A. Gentles, Jason Cholewa, John Garner, Michael Ramsey, Guy Hornsby

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of the present work was to compare the effect of accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) squats to normally loaded (NOR) squats on surface measured muscle activation (sEMG) in competitive weightlifters. Eight experienced, competitive weightlifters (six males, two females) completed both an AEL and NOR squat session (seven days apart), comprised of nine sets of squats, and was identical to their normal scheduled training. sEMG data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) was collected (at 1000Hz) during the entirety of the concentric (CON) phases of the AEL and NOR sessions. RMANOVAs (set x session-type) …

Neuromuscular Fatigue Following A Singles Badminton Match, Zengyuan Lin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A typical badminton singles match involves numerous intense and high impact movements. Lunges were accounted for approximately 15% of overall movements and were believed to presumably induce significant muscle damage following a match. However, no previous study has investigated changes in knee extensor muscle function after a badminton match.The present study investigated changes in knee extensor neuromuscular function and muscle soreness after a simulated 1-h badminton singles match in relation to the number of lunges performed in the match.

Ten state-level male badminton players were recruited (n=10), with each player played a total of eight simulated 1-h matches under the …

Pain Assessment And Possible Mechanism Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Wing Yin Lau

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Muscle pain is felt during exercise or daily activities for several days after performing unaccustomed exercise, which is referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Many people experience DOMS, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the challenges in the investigation of DOMS is its subjective nature, which makes the assessment ambiguous, thus establishing a standardised protocol is necessary. The present thesis scrutinised muscle pain assessments (Study 1, Study 2), developed a new assessment of muscle pain focusing on muscle fascia (Study 3), and investigated why DOMS is reduced after the second than the first bout …

Isokinetic Fatigue Characteristics For The Leg Extensors Versus Flexors, Elias M. Carrillo, Matt S. Stock, Jacob A. Mota, Kendra D. Olinghouse, Alexander S. Drusch, Brennan J. Thompson

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Maximal isokinetic muscle actions are often used in research studies to examine fatigability and even estimate muscle fiber-type. However, the majority of previous investigations have examined these topics for the leg extensors (i.e., quadriceps), and we are unaware of investigations that have specifically assessed the fatigue characteristics for the flexors (i.e., hamstrings). The purpose of this study was to compare the percent decline values for the leg extensors versus flexors for 50 and 100 repeated, maximal concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Fifteen healthy men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 3 years; body mass = 94.1 ± 11.9 kg) with …

Peri-Exercise Co-Ingestion Of Branched-Chain Amino Acids And Carbohydrate In Men Does Not Preferentially Augment Resistance Exercise-Induced Increases In Pi3k/Akt-Mtor Pathway Markers Indicative Of Muscle Protein Synthesis, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Rui Li, Matthew Cooke, Richard B. Kreider, Darryn S. Willoughby

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

The effects of a single bout of resistance exercise (RE) in conjunction with peri-exercise branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on skeletal muscle signaling markers indicative of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) were determined. It was hypothesized that CHO + BCAA would elicit a more profound effect on these signaling markers compared to CHO. Twenty-seven males were randomly assigned to CHO, CHO + BCAA, or placebo (PLC) groups. Four sets of leg presses and leg extensions were performed at 80% 1RM. Supplements were ingested 30 min and immediately prior to and after RE. Venous blood and muscle biopsy …

The Effects Of Strength Training On Isometric Force Production Symmetry In Recreationally Trained Males, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher A. Bailey, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine what effect a bilateral strength training regimen has on isometric force production symmetry and if changes in force production symmetry can be accounted for by differences in pre-intervention strength levels. Design: Sixteen recreationally trained males (1-RM squat: 146.8 ± 23.0 kg.) were assigned to two groups for the 7-week training intervention: strong (S) and weak (W) based on pre-training squat isometric peak force allometrically scaled (IPFa) at 120° knee angle. Methods: Subjects completed a 7-week training intervention following a block-periodized model and were tested on measures of dynamic (1RM squat) and …

The Relationship Of Force Production Asymmetry And Performance In Athletes Of Different Strength Levels, Christopher A. Bailey, Caleb D. Bazyler, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force production asymmetry and performance of athletes with differing strength levels in males and females. Collegiate athletes (n=129) from various sports were ranked according to isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and the top (‘strong’) and bottom (‘weak’) 25% were used for analysis. Symmetry index (SI) scores were calculated and correlated with their respective force-time characteristics using bivariate correlations. For the weaker males, several negative moderate correlations were observed; however, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the females in either group. These findings indicate that force production asymmetry is …

Effects Of A Ten Week Barbell Deadlift Training Program On Vertical Jump Height In College-Aged Women, Kendra D. Olinghouse, Matt S. Stock, Jacob A. Mota, Elias M. Carrillo, Ibrahim K. Munayer, Jocarol E. Shields, Micheal J. Luera, Brennan J. Thompson

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The barbell deadlift is a large muscle mass exercise that primarily involves extension at the hip and knee joints. Although it is often incorporated into strength training programs with a variety of other exercises (e.g., back squat), no previous studies have examined the effects of deadlift training on strength or power adaptations. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a ten week barbell deadlift training program on vertical jump height in previously untrained women. Twenty-eight women (mean ± SD age = 22 ± 2 years) were randomly assigned to either the training group (n = 17) …