Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Balance And Power In Older Adults With And Without A History Of Falls, Stephanie Michelle Gray

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to observe the differences between power and balance in older adults over the age of 65 with and without falls. A total of 62 community dwelling older adults between the ages of 65 and 92 participated in the study. Two groups consisted of 25 fallers and 37 non-fallers. No statistical differences were found between groups on age, height, weight, or BMI. Testing included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to test balance, the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer (TWA) during a sit-to-stand to test lower body power, and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to …

Effects Of Breathing Cool Air During Cycling Exercise In The Heat, Christian B. Ridings

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the ability of the Core Cooler device to prevent rises in physiological heat strain of trained male cyclists during cycling exercise in the heat. METHODS: 15 healthy male cyclists cycled at 50-70% VO2max for 75 minutes in a heat chamber of 31°C & 55% RH while breathing through the Core Cooler device under three different conditions: 1:4 ratio without ice termed control (CN), 1:4 ratio with ice termed low intermittent (LI), and at 1:1 ratio with ice termed high intermittent (HI). Data collected every 15 minutes assessing intestinal temperature (TGI), heart …

A Comparison Of Fatigue During Cardiocerebral Resuscitation With Different Compression Rates Among Layperson And Professional Rescuers, Christopher Cassidy

Master's Theses

Quality chest compressions during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) are vital to maintaining adequate perfusion of oxygenated blood to the organs of the body to sustain life. Over the years, the compression rate recommended in Basic Life Support (BLS)/ Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols for the best possible outcome has risen, and with that increase there are questions regarding rescuer fatigue and the effectiveness of compressions. Layperson and professional rescuers, answering to an emergency, both maintain continuous chest compressions until advanced life support arrives. Depending on the location, this arrival time would most likely be longer than the two minute standard …

Acute Testosterone Responses To Different Resistance Exercise Intensities, Robert Rietjens

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

We investigated the acute testosterone response to four different resistance-training protocols. We observed testosterone levels pre-workout, immediately post-workout, and 60-minutes post-workout following a bout of upper body exercise at 70%,1 RM, 90% 1 RM, and lower body exercise at 70% 1 RM and 90% 1 RM. Total training volume was held constant but all amount of weight, sets, and reps were different. 10 healthy, male, resistance trained individuals volunteered for the study. The performed each exercise condition on separate days. Capillary blood was taken via finger prick at the time points specified above. Blood samples were analyzed via Accubind Testosterone …

The Effect Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Genotype On Aerobic Capacity Following High Intensity Interval Training, Nicole Goddard, Matthew Baker, Tim Higgins, Christian Cobbold

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 250-259, 2014. Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity can reduce T2DM and CVD risk, and increase aerobic capacity, a significant predictor of all-cause mortality and morbidity. High intensity interval training (HIIT) produces similar improvements in aerobic capacity to continuous moderate exercise (CME). Different genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been implicated in improving aerobic capacity and therefore predicted health. This study investigated the effects of different ACE genotypes on the impact of 6 weeks of HIIT on aerobic capacity, and thus …

Contributions Of After School Programs To The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills In Children, E Jean Burrows, Melanie R. Keats, Angela M. Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 236-249, 2014. Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency or the ability to perform basic skills (e.g., throwing, catching and jumping) has been linked to participation in lifelong physical activity. FMS proficiency amongst children has declined in the previous 15 years, with more children performing FMS at a low-mastery level. These declines may help explain the insufficient levels of participation in health promoting physical activity seen in today’s youth. The after school time period (e.g., 3 to 6 p.m.), is increasingly considered an opportune time for physical activity interventions. To date, little research has examined …

The Energy Expenditure Of Recreational Ballroom Dance, D. E. Lankford, T. W. Bennion, J. King, N. Hessing, L Lee, D. P. Heil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 228-235, 2014. The popularity of recreational ballroom dancing has increased dramatically in recent years. Yet, relatively little information is known regarding the physiological demands of ballroom dancing. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy requirements for recreational ballroom dancing. 24 participants volunteered including 12 women (mean ± SD: 21 ± 3 yrs, 165.8 ± 7.4 cm, 56.8 ± 11.1 kg) and 12 men (23 ± 1 yr, 175.5 ± 8.4 cm, 78.1 ± 15.6 kg). Gas exchange was recorded using a portable metabolic system during a series of five ballroom …

The Influence Of Exercise Environment And Gender On Mood And Exertion, Thomas G. Plante Phd, Abpp, Marily A. Opezzo Phd, L. Aislinn Diaz, Selena Pistoresi, Michael Santos, Jacqueline E. Fahey, Elizabeth Kay, Briana Britton, Suheel Khan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 220-227, 2014. This study examined the influence of exercise environment and gender on post-exercise mood and exertion. College student participants (55 females, 49 males) were instructed to pedal a stationary bike at a moderate pace for 20 minutes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three laboratory conditions: (1) exercising in front of a mirror and posters showing ideal fit body types (i.e., celebrity male and female personal trainers), (2) exercising in front of a mirror only, or (3) a control condition in which participants exercised without a mirror or posters. The Activation-Deactivation …

Acute Post-Activation Potentiation In Ncaa Division Ii Female Athletes, Kaiya Senn Sygulla, Charles J. Fountaine

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 212-219, 2014. Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon in which the power output of a muscle is immediately enhanced after heavy resistance exercise. Whereas the majority of PAP research has examined males, minimal research exists as to how female athletes respond. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute PAP response of back squats on static squat jump (SSJ) performance among NCAA Division II female athletes. Female athletes (n=29) who were current roster members from basketball, softball, and volleyball, performed 3 SSJ prior to 3 repetitions of the back squat …

An Acute Bout Of Self-Myofascial Release In The Form Of Foam Rolling Improves Performance Testing, Corey A. Peacock, Darren D. Krein, Tobin A. Silver, Gabriel J. Sanders, Kyle-Patrick A. Von Carlowitz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 202-211, 2014. Recent developments in the strength and conditioning field have shown the incorporation of foam rolling self-myofascial release in adjunct with a dynamic warm-up. This is thought to improve overall training performance; however, minimal research exists supporting this theory. Therefore, determining if an acute bout of foam rolling self-myofascial release in addition to a dynamic warm-up could influence performance is of importance. In order to do so, eleven athletically trained male subjects participated in a two condition, counterbalanced, crossover within-subjects study comparing two particular warm-up routines. The two warm-up routines compared were …

The Physiologic And Behavioral Implications Of Playing Active And Sedentary Video Games In A Seated And Standing Position, Gabriel J. Sanders, Michael Rebold, Corey A. Peacock, Megan L. Williamson, Antonio Santo, Jacob E. Barkley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 194-201, 2014. Previous studies have assessed physiologic response while playing video games per manufacturer instructions with participants standing during active video game play and seated during sedentary game play. It is not known whether an assigned seated or standing position affects positional preference and oxygen consumption (VO2) while gaming. The purpose of the study was to assess VO2 and preference of playing active and sedentary video games in a seated and standing position. VO2 was assessed in 25 participants during four, 20-minute conditions; resting, PlayStation 2 Madden NFL Football 2011, Nintendo Wii-Sports Boxing …

Effect Of Long-Term Physical Exercise On Blood Pressure In African Americans, Taunjah P. Bell, Katharine A. Mcintyre, Rosamary Hadley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 186-193, 2014. Long-term physical exercise has been shown to noticeably reduce blood pressure (BP) and remarkably attenuate symptoms of hypertension. It is believed that physical exercise induces these beneficial effects by increasing the blood supply to the brain, enhancing the release of growth factors from skeletal muscles into the bloodstream, facilitating neurogenesis, stimulating angiogenesis, and influencing endothelial cell proliferation and subsequent endothelial cell membrane permeability. Previous findings also revealed that physical exercise significantly elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations which appear to increase dramatically in BP-sensing neurons during hypertension. Elevating BDNF levels is …

Cardiovascular And Metabolic Demands Of The Kettlebell Swing Using A Tabata Interval Versus A Traditional Resistance Protocol, Howard A. Fortner, Jeanette Salgado, Angelica M. Holmstrup, Michael E. Holmstrup Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 179-185, 2014. Tabata (TAB) training, consisting of eight cycles of 20 seconds of maximal exercise followed by 10 seconds of rest, is time-efficient, with aerobic and anaerobic benefit. This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of a TAB versus traditional (TRAD) resistance protocol with the kettlebell swing. Fourteen young (18-25y), non-obese (BMI 25.7±0.8 kg/m²) participants reported on three occasions. All testing incorporated measurements of HR, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate accumulation. Each participant completed Tabata kettlebell swings (male- 8kg, female- 4.5kg; 8 intervals; 20s maximal repetitions, 10s rest). On a …

Is There An Optimal Whole-Body Vibration Exposure ‘Dosage’ For Performance Improvement?, R Hugh Morton, Darryl J. Cochrane

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 169-178, 2014. Whole-body vibration exposure has been shown to improve performance in vertical jumping and knee extensions. Some studies have addressed the question of dose optimality, but are inconclusive and inappropriately designed. Our purpose was to more thoroughly seek an optimum combination of duration, amplitude and frequency of exposure to side-alternating whole-body vibration. We used experimental designs constructed for response surface fitting and optimisation, using both blocked and unblocked second order central composite designs with 12 participants. Immediately after each exposure a discomfort index was recorded, then peak and average torque, peak and …

The Effects Of Squat Depth On Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics, Acl Loading, Pcl Loading, Tibiofemoral Compressive Forces And Activations Of Eight Lower Extremity Muscles, Zachary A. Sievert

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Performing resistance training exercises are important in many facets oflife. Resistance training can be used from elite athletes preparing for the Olympics to the average person exercising for overall health. The squat is a common training exercise that can be utilized to improve lower extremity strength and performance. There has been much debate on the effects of squatting depth on lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics. Therefore the purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of depth and load on the muscle activation of eight lower extremity muscles and three-dimensional (30) joint moments about the right knee, hip …

Effects Of Plyometric And Endurance Training On Aerobic And Anaerobic Power., T. Snyder, E. Shaw, A. Mueller, E. Stoeckel, A. Strom, T. Vanderveeken, T. Swensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Snyder, T., Shaw, E., Mueller, A., Stoeckel, E., Strom, A., VanDerVeeken, T., Swensen, T., Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca NY

Purpose and Methods: Extending the work of Burgomaster and Gibala, we compared the effects of four weeks of plyometric and endurance training on various indices of aerobic and anaerobic performance in 29 active college age males and females (19.4 ± 1.8 years and 69.9 ± 13.8 kg), who were assigned to a plyometric (6 males and 9 females) or endurance training group (6 males and 8 females). Endurance training consisted of 30 min of cycling at a heart …

The Effects Of Various Recovery Techniques On Collegiate Pitching Performance, B. Snyder, S. Davis, G. Moir, M. Miltenberger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Snyder, B., Davis, S., Moir, G., Miltenberger, M., East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA

Purpose: This study was designed to compare pitching performance (velocity, accuracy), symptomology and functional movement across three recovery techniques (active recovery (pedaling on a stationary bike at 40% Max Age Predicted Heart Rate), passive recovery (sitting down with a jacket around the pitchers arm), and Electro muscular stimulation (sitting down with stim placed on the pitchers arm at the anterior and posterior deltoid) in NCAA Division II collegiate pitchers. Methods: Eight male Division II collegiate baseball athletes (Age: 20.1 ± 1.7 years, Mass: 84.8 ± 10.9 …

Ventilatory Threshold Responses At Different Percentages Of Body Weight On The Alter-G Anti-Gravity Treadmill: A Pilot Study, N. Santillo, M. Figueroa, T. Lasala, J. Manning

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Santillo, N., Figueroa, M., Lasala, T., Manning, J., William Paterson University, Wayne NJ

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if changes occurred in the ventilatory threshold (VT) upon manipulation of body weight (BW) when comparing 80% to 100% of BW in healthy college aged individuals on the Alter-G® anti-gravity treadmill. Methods: A modified Bruce Protocol was used to measure oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) on 10 subjects (5 males, 5 females) at 100%, and 80% of BW. Testing protocols were randomized with two weeks in between each test. VT was determined by the software algorithm in the …

Examination Of Exercise Behaviors, Exercise Barriers And Exercise Self-Efficacy Of British Adults, M. Sadler, M. Brown, K. Dugan, J. Litchauer, K. Port, K. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sadler, M., Brown, M., Dugan, K., Litchauer, J., Port, K., Smith, K., Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA

Purpose: To examine the exercise behaviors, barriers and self-efficacy of British adults. Methods: A survey was constructed based upon previously validated questionnaires and was randomly administered to subjects in various British cities. Seventy nine subjects, with a mean age of 31.92+12.03 participated in this study. Results: Subjects reported engaging in vigorous physical activity 3.5+2.94 days/week. The table below illustrates the modes of exercise regularly performed by the subjects. Subjects could report participating in more than one mode of exercise. Table1. The Table …

Effect Of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade On Coronary Blood Flow During Isometric Exercise In Older Adults, A. Ross, Z. Gao, M. Heffernan, U. Leuenberger, L. Sinoway, M. Muller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ross A., Gao Z., Heffernan M., Leuenberger U., Sinoway L., Muller M. Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA

The rise in heart rate (HR) and cardiac contractility during exercise is due to activation of myocardial b-adrenergic receptors. b-receptors are also located on coronary blood vessels and are thought to participate in exercise hyperemia, thereby helping to preserve the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. However, experimental data in human subjects are lacking. Purpose: We hypothesized that intravenous b-adrenergic blockade would attenuate the reflex tachycardia and coronary hyperemia in response to …