Hydrolysis Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Enzymes From Spent Mushroom Substrate Of Pleurotus Pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel,
2020
Universiti Malaya
Hydrolysis Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Enzymes From Spent Mushroom Substrate Of Pleurotus Pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel, Mat Yunan Nurul Anisa
Student Works (2020-2029)
Mushroom cultivation and palm oil industry in Malaysia have contributed to the large volumes of lignocellulosic residues. Lignocellulolytic enzymes profiles (lignin peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase) of Pleurotus pulmonarius (parents strains UMP001 and UMP 002, and the hybrid UMH004) during growth in sawdust substrate bags were investigated. The enzymes extracted from the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of the strain with the highest enzymes productivity was used to hydrolyse palm oil mill effluent (POME). Optimization of parameters for POME hydrolysis to release reducing sugar was conducted using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The potential of hydrolysed …
Abundance And Distribution Of Microplastics And Persistent Organic Pollutants In Selected Rivers Of Peninsular Malaysia,
2020
Universiti Malaya
Abundance And Distribution Of Microplastics And Persistent Organic Pollutants In Selected Rivers Of Peninsular Malaysia, Anuar Norkhairiyah
Student Works (2020-2029)
Nearly 70 to 80 percent of microplastics are believed to be transported to the sea through rivers. Yet, less attention has been given to the accumulation of microplastics in the freshwater environment. They are emerging anthropogenic contaminants on account of their potential to adsorb and/or release POPs from and/or to the surrounding environment, and become the vector transferring these pollutants from water to the food web. This study is aimed to explore the abundance and distribution of microplastics and POPs in six rivers of Peninsular Malaysia, which comprised of three rivers from the West Coast (Sepetang River, Serkam River, and …
Biogeographic Patterns In Members Of Globally Distributed And Dominant Taxa Found In Port Microbial Communities.,
2020
Michigan Technological University
Biogeographic Patterns In Members Of Globally Distributed And Dominant Taxa Found In Port Microbial Communities., Ryan B Ghannam, Laura G. Schaerer, Timothy M. Butler, Stephen M Techtmann
Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1
We conducted a global characterization of the microbial communities of shipping ports to serve as a novel system to investigate microbial biogeography. The community structures of port microbes from marine and freshwater habitats house relatively similar phyla, despite spanning large spatial scales. As part of this project, we collected 1,218 surface water samples from 604 locations across eight countries and three continents to catalogue a total of 20 shipping ports distributed across the East and West Coast of the United States, Europe, and Asia to represent the largest study of port-associated microbial communities to date. Here, we demonstrated the utility …
Identification Of Antibiotic Producing Soil Bacteria Against Bacillus Subtilis,
2020
Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois
Identification Of Antibiotic Producing Soil Bacteria Against Bacillus Subtilis, Morgan Brockhouse, Dr. Lori Scott
Identifying and Characterizing Novel Antibiotic Producing Microbes From the Soil
This project is a collaboration with the Tiny Earth Project Initiative (TEPI), which is a global network of educators and students focused on student-sourcing antibiotic discovery from soil. Individual strains of soil bacteria were isolated and produced antibiotic against Bacillus subtilis. Two of these samples were sequenced using the 16S rRNA gene to reveal they are very closely related to the genus Pseudomonas.
Survey Of Histoplasma Capsulatum In Bat Guano And Status Of Histoplasmosis In Slovenia, Central Europe,
2020
Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Karst Research Institute
Survey Of Histoplasma Capsulatum In Bat Guano And Status Of Histoplasmosis In Slovenia, Central Europe, Janez Mulec, Saša Simčič, Tadeja Kotar, Romina Kofol, Sanja Stopinšek
International Journal of Speleology
There have been increasing reports on the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum in some European countries. The study investigated the presence of Histoplasma in bat guanos, speleologists with records of visiting Histoplasma-endemic regions and patients with histoplasmosis. A commercial ALPHA Histoplasma Antigen enzyme immunoassay was tested as an alternative methodology to detect Histoplasma in environment and compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The presence of Histoplasma antigen in bat guanos was not confirmed by PCR. Among 14 healthy speleologists, two were indicated as having the Histoplasma antigen in urine, but expressed negative PCR-specific results for the Histoplasma antigen. Five …
Biogeographic Study Of Human Gut-Associated Crassphage Suggests Impacts From Industrialization And Recent Expansion,
2020
University of Oklahoma
Biogeographic Study Of Human Gut-Associated Crassphage Suggests Impacts From Industrialization And Recent Expansion, Tanvi P/ Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Stephanie L. Schnorr, Andrew T. Ozga, Christina Warinner, Cecil M. Lewis Jr.
Anthropology Faculty Research
CrAssphage (cross-assembly phage) is a bacteriophage that was first discovered in human gut metagenomic data. CrAssphage belongs to a diverse family of crAss-like bacteriophages thought to infect gut commensal bacteria belonging to Bacteroides species. However, not much is known about the biogeography of crAssphage and whether certain strains are associated with specific human populations. In this study, we screened publicly available human gut metagenomic data from 3,341 samples for the presence of crAssphage sensu stricto (NC_024711.1). We found that crAssphage prevalence is low in traditional, hunter-gatherer populations, such as the Hadza from Tanzania and Matses from Peru, as compared to …
Biotic And Abiotic Factors Influencing Arsenic Biogeochemistry And Toxicity In Fluvial Ecosystems: A Review,
2020
Universitat de Girona
Biotic And Abiotic Factors Influencing Arsenic Biogeochemistry And Toxicity In Fluvial Ecosystems: A Review, Laura Barral-Fraga, María Teresa Barral, Keeley L. Macneill, Diego Martiñá-Prieto, Soizic Morin, María Carolina Rodríguez-Castro, Baigal-Amar Tuulaikhuu, Helena Guasch
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
This review is focused on the biogeochemistry of arsenic in freshwaters and, especially, on the key role that benthic microalgae and prokaryotic communities from biofilms play together in through speciation, distribution, and cycling. These microorganisms incorporate the dominant iAs (inorganic arsenic) form and may transform it to other arsenic forms through metabolic or detoxifying processes. These transformations have a big impact on the environmental behavior of arsenic because different chemical forms exhibit differences in mobility and toxicity. Moreover, exposure to toxicants may alter the physiology and structure of biofilms, leading to changes in ecosystem function and trophic relations. In this …
Microbial Degradation Of Urea Oligomers: Potential Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers,
2020
Hamline University
Microbial Degradation Of Urea Oligomers: Potential Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers, Maddy Bygd
Departmental Honors Projects
Urea is the most commonly used nitrogen compound in fertilizers across the world. It provides the most nitrogen at the lowest cost. However, with the size and solubility of this compound, it is easily washed out of the soil. This results in the need to continuously add fertilizer to fields, creating adverse effects on the environment due to nitrogen runoff and leading to increased expenses for farmers. Triuret, a urea oligomer, is a compound with promising potential for use as a nitrogen source, providing a slower release of nitrogen into the soil. It is hypothesized that this compound can be …
Microbial Degradability Of Terrigenous, Marsh-Exported, And Estuarine Colored Dissolved Organic Matter In Long Island Sound,
2020
CUNY City College
Microbial Degradability Of Terrigenous, Marsh-Exported, And Estuarine Colored Dissolved Organic Matter In Long Island Sound, John R. Supino
Dissertations and Theses
The Long Island Sound is one of the world's most urbanized estuaries, polluted from excess nutrients which impact the quality of water through increased biological productivity. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a sensitive indicator of anthropogenic pollution and nutrient enrichment in coastal waters as well as an important part of the carbon cycle and serves as a primary food source for aquatic food webs. Additionally, the colored portion of DOM (CDOM) impacts coastal optical properties, ocean color, and light attenuation. High levels of CDOM have been shown to inhibit the growth of phytoplankton and limit photosynthesis, damaging the food chain …
Massard Prairie Restoration And Soil Microbiome Succession,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fort Smith
Massard Prairie Restoration And Soil Microbiome Succession, Jeffrey M. Shaver, Emily S. Bellis, Chizuko Iwaki, Jake Qualls, Jay Randolph, Jeremiah Smith
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 4 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tall grass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.
Developing Microbial Based Process To Produce High Value Natural Antimicrobial (Glyceollin) In Soybeans And Pullulan From Sucrose,
2020
South Dakota State University
Developing Microbial Based Process To Produce High Value Natural Antimicrobial (Glyceollin) In Soybeans And Pullulan From Sucrose, Andrea Zavadil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Glyceollin is a secondary metabolite produced under stress conditions by soybean to act as a plant defender to pathogen attack. The antimicrobial nature of glyceollin makes it a promising natural alternative to antibiotics if incorporated into livestock feed. However, production of glyceollin is highly variable, dependent on soybean variety, and fungal elicitor used as inoculum. Our study compares two fungal spore elicitors, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus sojae on soybeans of diverse maturity level, and fungal susceptibility to determine highest glyceollin titer. Spore inoculation with T. reesei elicited highest glyceollin titers of 2.42±0.20 mg/g at 120 h, while A. sojae elicited …
Investigating Links Between Soil Microbial Structure And Function In Three Major Plant Communities Across Temporal Scales Of Arctic Alaska,
2020
South Dakota State University
Investigating Links Between Soil Microbial Structure And Function In Three Major Plant Communities Across Temporal Scales Of Arctic Alaska, Kaj Lynoe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Arctic microbial systems continue to get attention today as our understanding regarding their structure and function in a changing system is paramount to C feedbacks with warming and changes in precipitation. Plant communities and microbial community processes across the Arctic landscape are central to understanding tundra ecosystem processes because environmental conditions and plant community structure drive microbial cycling of soil organic matter. Here, we want to understand how soil microbial respiration, mineralization, biomass, and community composition are linked to three Alaskan tundra plant communities, namely Shrub, Tussock, and Sedge tundra and the seasonal variability in this system. A total of …
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing,
2020
Michigan Technological University
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing, Lindsey Schenten
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Microbial resistance to antimicrobials is an important topic to investigate not only for our health but for the environment. There is a growing concern about expanding microbial resistance to both antibiotics and other antimicrobials such as biocides. We wanted to know how bacteria previously exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluids, including biocides, would react to biocide exposure and what the mechanism of resistance looked like. In order to test this hypothesis bacterial isolates were obtained from water and sediment from a stream that had been previously exposed to a spill of hydraulic fracturing water. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from these …
The Value Of Patient-Provider Interactions In Orthopedic Settings: An Evidence-To-Practice Review,
2020
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
The Value Of Patient-Provider Interactions In Orthopedic Settings: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Matthew S. Panetta, Carly J. Wilson, Zachary Winkelmann
Clinical Practice in Athletic Training
Clinical outcomes are influenced by specific physical therapy interventions and several nonspecific factors associated with the healthcare professional, patient, and setting. The relationship built between patients and providers is based on treatment outcomes is referred to as the patient-provider interaction, which is a nonspecific factor. The purpose of this review was to investigate patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions of factors that influence patient-provider interactions. Eleven different databases were accessed as potential research sources. Thirteen qualitative studies were selected that examined the perceptions of non-specific factors which impact the patient-clinician relationship as well as the perceptions that healthcare providers and patients in …
Microbial Responses To Unconventional Oil And Gas Development May Alter Ecosystem Function In Headwater Streams,
2020
West Virginia University
Microbial Responses To Unconventional Oil And Gas Development May Alter Ecosystem Function In Headwater Streams, Rachel Michaels
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The demand for natural gas, and the need for efficient extraction, has led to the development of unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) techniques. Due to the novelty of UOG, the potential impacts to freshwater ecosystems are not fully understood. We used a dual pronged approach to study the effects of UOG development on microbial biodiversity and function via a laboratory microcosm experiment and a survey study of streams with and without UOG development within their watersheds. The laboratory microcosm study simulated stream contamination with produced water, a byproduct of UOG operation, using sediment collected from one high water-quality stream …
Diversity Analysis Of Soil Fungus Communities In Disturbed, Nursery, And Mature Forest Conditions,
2020
Central Washington University
Diversity Analysis Of Soil Fungus Communities In Disturbed, Nursery, And Mature Forest Conditions, Dana Whitmore
All Master's Theses
Populations of soil fungi were examined in Derby Canyon Natives, Coeur d’Alene Forest Service nursery, Swamp Lake, and the Keechelus Lake wildlife overcrossing soils. All sampling sites were connected by their relation to the revegetation and native soil plug inoculation of the wildlife overpass. This study was an effort to describe soil fungi communities present on the overpass before plant introduction, those that plants would be bringing in their pots, and the fungi that could be introduced via soil plug transplantation. DNA was extracted from soil samples, then sequenced using next-generation sequencing methods, allowing for the analysis of species richness …
Survival Of Enterococcus FaeciumIn Turkey Litter Under Different Temperature And Moisture Combinations,
2020
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, Department of Biological Sciences, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807
Survival Of Enterococcus FaeciumIn Turkey Litter Under Different Temperature And Moisture Combinations, Steven G. Mcbride, Benjamin Holland, Pradeep Vasudevan, Joanna B. Mott
Virginia Journal of Science
Untreated poultry litter introduces a substantial load of fecal pathogens to the environment, impacting agriculture, public health and ecosystem function. There is substantial evidence that temperature and moisture are the primary drivers of fecal bacteria survival across ecosystems. However, both temperature and moisture effects have been shown to be modulated by the matrix in which the fecal bacteria are living. This context dependence highlights the importance of understanding fecal bacteria survival in a variety of matrices in order to implement effective waste management plans. In this study, we determined the survival patterns of Enterococcus faecium in post-use turkey litter under …
Isothermal Environmental Heat Energy Utilization By Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons At The Liquid-Membrane Interface,
2020
Old Dominion University
Isothermal Environmental Heat Energy Utilization By Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons At The Liquid-Membrane Interface, James Weifu Lee
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
This study employing the latest theory on transmembrane electrostatic proton localization has now, for the first time, consistently elucidated a decades-longstanding bioenergetic conundrum in alkalophilic bacteria and more importantly discovered an entirely new feature: isothermal environmental heat utilization by electrostatically localized protons at the liquid-membrane interface. It was surprisingly revealed that the protonic motive force (equivalent to Gibbs free energy) from the isothermal environmental heat energy utilization through the electrostatically localized protons is not constrained by the overall energetics of the redox-driven proton pump system because of the following: (a) the transmembrane electrostatically localized protons are not free to move …
Extracting Secondary Metabolites From Bacterial Endophytes To Suppress Or Promote Sweet Sorghum And Weeds,
2020
University of Kentucky
Extracting Secondary Metabolites From Bacterial Endophytes To Suppress Or Promote Sweet Sorghum And Weeds, Mohammad R. Alsabri
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in agricultural settings and have the potential to drastically affect plant growth both positively and negatively. These complex relationships play a key role in plant nutrition and are therefore of great interest to the agricultural community and beyond. With my dissertation work, I have had the opportunity to examine the relationship between endophytic bacteria and plants in various ways. The first part of my dissertation investigated how the microbial diversity found in soil affects the below- and above-ground traits of Sorghum bicolor. In the second section, I focused on a particular strain of bacteria that …
Determination Of Iron-Reducing Bacterial Activities In Lake Sediments.,
2020
The University of Akron
Determination Of Iron-Reducing Bacterial Activities In Lake Sediments., Alexandra Kahn
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Algal blooms are growing rampantly in lacustrine systems due to an increase of phosphorus, a nutrient for algae. Phosphorus is being released into the environment causing overpopulation and eutrophication which damages the ecosystem. The availability of phosphorus is affected by the solubility of iron which is regulated through iron reducing and iron oxidizing bacteria. Phosphorus adheres to insoluble Fe(III), which prohibits algae from utilizing it, while phosphorus does not attach to soluble Fe(II) and therefore it remains available to algae. The purpose of this study was to determine how bacteria influence iron solubility and what are the ideal environmental conditions …
