Gene And Environment Interactions Modulate Immune System Influences On Social Behavior,
2011
University at Albany, State University of New York
Gene And Environment Interactions Modulate Immune System Influences On Social Behavior, Yubin Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology, affecting about 1 in 110 children in the US. Here, we show that developmental exposure to anti-brain Abs impaired mouse social behaviors. BTBR mice, a mouse strain with high serum anti-brain Abs and behaviors that resemble autism, have more activated splenic B cells, CD4+ T cells (Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets), and CD4+ T cells with expression of Vb6 chains than B6 mice (the control H-2 identical strain). Elevated numbers of activated (CD25+) CD4+Vb6+ cells also were detected in thymic preparations. All of the immunological and behavioral parameters of BTBR mice were …
Tca Cycle Inactivation In Staphylococcus Aureus Alters Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Cells,
2011
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Tca Cycle Inactivation In Staphylococcus Aureus Alters Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Cells, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Donald J. Gardner, James M. Musser, David J. Steffen, Greg A. Somerville, Jay Reddy
Jay Reddy Publications
Inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle delays the resolution of cutaneous ulcers in a mouse soft tissue infection model. In this study, it was observed that cutaneous lesions in mice infected with wild-type or isogenic aconitase mutant S. aureus strains contained comparable inflammatory infiltrates, suggesting the delayed resolution was independent of the recruitment of immune cells. These observations led us to hypothesize that staphylococcal metabolism can modulate the host immune response. Using an in vitro model system involving RAW 264.7 cells, the authors observed that cells cultured with S. aureus aconitase mutant strains produced significantly lower amounts …
Calf Pre-Weaning Traits And Immunoglobulin Response To Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccination,
2011
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Calf Pre-Weaning Traits And Immunoglobulin Response To Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccination, Whitney Downum, A. Hayden Brown Jr., Jeremey G. Powell, E. Beth Kegley, Zelpha B. Johnson, Doug B. Galloway, James A. Hornsby, Billy R. Lindsey
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Calfhood vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a relatively new concept, and protocols are evolving. Our objective was to determine effects of BVDV type I vaccination protocol, calf behavior (chute score, and chute exit velocity), and gender on calf gain and immunoglobulin (Ig) response. Crossbred calves (n = 64) were randomly allotted to one of two vaccination protocols. In protocol 1, calves were vaccinated at 60 d of age (d 0) and at weaning (d 147). Calves assigned to protocol 2 were vaccinated against BVDV type I at 21 d prior to (d 126) and at weaning (d …
Enhancement Of Reactive Oxygen Species Production And Chlamydial Infection By The Mitochondrial Nod-Like Family Member Nlrx1,
2010
University of California, Merced
Enhancement Of Reactive Oxygen Species Production And Chlamydial Infection By The Mitochondrial Nod-Like Family Member Nlrx1, Ali A. Abdul-Sater, Najwene Saïd-Sadier, Verissa M. Lam, Bhavni Singh, Matthew A. Pettengill, Fraser Soares, Ivan Tattoli, Simone Lipinski, Stephen E. Girardin, Philip Rosenstiel, David M. Ojcius
All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles
Chlamydia trachomatis infections cause severe and irreversible damage that can lead to infertility and blindness in both males and females. Following infection of epithelial cells, Chlamydia induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unconventionally, Chlamydiae use ROS to their advantage by activating caspase-1, which contributes to chlamydial growth. NLRX1, a member of the Nod-like receptor family that translocates to the mitochondria, can augment ROS production from the mitochondria following Shigella flexneri infections. However, in general, ROS can also be produced by membrane-bound NADPH oxidases. Given the importance of ROS-induced caspase-1 activation in growth of the chlamydial vacuole, we investigated the …
Time Will Tell: Community Acceptability Of Hiv Vaccine Research Before And After The "Step Study" Vaccine Discontinuation,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Time Will Tell: Community Acceptability Of Hiv Vaccine Research Before And After The "Step Study" Vaccine Discontinuation, Paula M. Frew, Mark J. Mulligan, Su-I Hou, Kayshin Chan, Carlos Del Rio
Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research
Objective This study examines whether men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender (TG) persons’ attitudes, beliefs, and risk perceptions toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine research have been altered as a result of the negative findings from a phase 2B HIV vaccine study. Design We conducted a cross-sectional survey among MSM and TG persons (N = 176) recruited from community settings in Atlanta from 2007 to 2008. The first group was recruited during an active phase 2B HIV vaccine trial in which a candidate vaccine was being evaluated (the “Step Study”), and the second group was recruited after product futility was widely reported …
Probiotic Therapy - Recruiting Old Friends To Fight New Foes,
2010
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland; Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork, Ireland.
Probiotic Therapy - Recruiting Old Friends To Fight New Foes, Roy D. Sleator
Department of Biological Sciences Publications
Against a backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance, and the emergence of new and evolving pathogens, clinicians are increasingly forced to consider alternative therapies - probiotics are one such alternative.
Antimicrobial Activity Of Selected Fungi Isolated From Dee And Barrientos Islands, Antarctica.,
2010
Universiti Malaya
Antimicrobial Activity Of Selected Fungi Isolated From Dee And Barrientos Islands, Antarctica., Shamia Mohamedain Abd Elgadir Younis
Student Works (2010-2019)
This study reports the screening of selected fungi isolated from Dee and Barrientos Islands, Antarctica, for their antimicrobial activities using two methods: a) plug assay method and b) disk diffusion method. The plug assay was carried out as preliminary screening forbiological activity against bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and yeast: Candida albicans. The results showed that 35% from species possessed antibacterial activity; and these included: Geomyces sp.50-1/S7, Unidentified 75-1/S1, Geomyces sp.12-1/S21, Penecillium sp.75-1/S10, Geomyces sp.3-1/S5, Geomyces sp.3-4/S5 and Geomyces sp.146/S5. Most of the strains exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis …
The Role Of Mucosal Epithelial Cells In Hiv-1 Infection,
2010
University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston
The Role Of Mucosal Epithelial Cells In Hiv-1 Infection, Danielle Fontenot
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
The predominant route of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is infection across the vaginal mucosa. Epithelial cells, which form the primary barrier of protection against pathogens, are the first cell type at these mucosal tissues to encounter the virus but their role in HIV infection has not been clearly elucidated. Although mucosal epithelial cells express only low levels of the receptors required for successful HIV infection, productive infection does occur at these sites. The present work provides evidence to show that HIV exposure, without the need for productive infection, induces human cervical epithelial cells to produce Thymic Stromal …
Aspergillus Fumigatus Stimulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Through A Pathway Requiring Ros Production And The Syk Tyrosine Kinase,
2010
University of California, Merced
Aspergillus Fumigatus Stimulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Through A Pathway Requiring Ros Production And The Syk Tyrosine Kinase, Najwane Saïd-Sadier, Eduardo V. Padilla, Gordon Langsley, David M. Ojcius
All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening disease that occurs in immunodepressed patients when infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. This fungus is the second most-common causative agent of fungal disease after Candida albicans. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms by which A. fulmigatus activates the innate immune system. We investigated the inflammatory response to conidia and hyphae of A. fumigatus and specifically, their capacity to trigger activation of an inflammasome. Our results show that in contrast to conidia, hyphal fragments induce NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release from a human monocyte cell line. The ability of Aspergillus …
The Immune Response In The Central Nervous System During West Nile Virus Persistence,
2010
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Immune Response In The Central Nervous System During West Nile Virus Persistence, Barbara Sharon Stewart
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
West Nile virus (WNV) persists in a wide array of hosts ranging from mice to humans. In convalescent humans, WNV RNA persists in urine for up to 6.7 years, and IgM antibody against WNV persists in serum for up to 12 months post-inoculation (p.i.). Previous work using the mouse model demonstrated that WNV persists in central nervous system (CNS) tissues as infectious virus and as RNA for up to 4 months and 6 months p.i., respectively. In this study, we sought to elucidate the mechanism for viral persistence in the CNS using the mouse model. Characterization of the leukocyte infiltrate …
