Effects Of Amino Acid Supplementation Of Reduced Crude Protein (Rcp) Diets On The Performance And Carcass Quality Of Growing-Finishing Swine,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Effects Of Amino Acid Supplementation Of Reduced Crude Protein (Rcp) Diets On The Performance And Carcass Quality Of Growing-Finishing Swine, Ashley Nicole Young
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Barrows and gilts (215/gender) were used to test the effects of synthetic AA supplementation of reduced CP diets on the growth performance and quality characteristics of the LM and the fatty acid composition of the LM and s.c. jowl fat from growing-finishing swine. Pigs were blocked by BW within gender, and allocated randomly to pens (6 pigs/pen) which were then assigned randomly within each block and gender to either corn-SBM diets 1) that were devoid of synthetic lysine (Ctrl); 2) with reduced CP diets where lysine was added to all diets (RCP1); 3) with reduced CP where lysine, threonine, and …
Comparison Of Real-Time Pcr And Elisa-Based Methods For The Detection Of Beef And Pork In Processed Meat Products,
2016
Chapman University
Comparison Of Real-Time Pcr And Elisa-Based Methods For The Detection Of Beef And Pork In Processed Meat Products, Adam T. Perestam, Kayleigh K. Fujisaki, Omar Nava, Rosalee S. Hellberg
Food Science Faculty Articles and Research
Two commonly used methodologies for species detection within processed meat products are real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a DNA-based method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a protein-based method. In this study, a real-time PCR assay was compared to a commercial ELISA kit based on sensitivity, specificity, agreement among duplicate samples, cost, time, and ease of use. Fifteen reference samples containing known percentages (0.1–99.9%, w/w) of pork and beef were analyzed in duplicate using both methods. Thirty commercial products, including sausages, pet treats, and canned meats, were also tested in duplicate with each method. Reference sample analysis showed real-time PCR was …
Cooled Perch Effects On Performance And Well-Being Traits In Caged White Leghorn Hens,
2016
Purdue University
Cooled Perch Effects On Performance And Well-Being Traits In Caged White Leghorn Hens, J Y. Hu, P Y. Hester, M M. Makagon, G Vezzoli, R S. Gates, Y Xiong, H W. Cheng
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
We assessed the effects of chilled water cooling perches on hen performance and physiological and behavioral parameters under “natural” high temperatures during the 2013 summer with a 4-hour acute heating episode. White Leghorns at 16 wk of age (N = 162) were randomly assigned to 18 cages (n = 9) arranged into 3 units. Each unit was assigned to one of the 3 treatments through 32 wk of age: 1) cooled perches, 2) air perches, and 3) no perches. Chilled water (10◦C) was circulated through the cooled perches when cage ambient temperature exceeded 25◦C. At the age of …
Effects Of Two-Stage Weaning Duration On Beef Cattle Growth And Vocalization,
2016
Morehead State University
Effects Of Two-Stage Weaning Duration On Beef Cattle Growth And Vocalization, Ashley N. Deller, Emery O. Clark, Flint Harrelson, Patricia Harrelson
Celebration of Student Scholarship Poster Sessions Archive
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Salt Reduction On The Microbial Composition And Quality Characteristics Of Sliced Roast Beef And Turkey,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Effect Of Salt Reduction On The Microbial Composition And Quality Characteristics Of Sliced Roast Beef And Turkey, Chad Gary Bower
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This study analyzed the effects of salt reduction on microbiological composition and quality characteristics of deli-style turkey breast and roast beef. Turkey breast and roast beef were manufactured with four different salt concentrations: 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% on a meat block basis in addition to sugar, phosphate, and water. Samples were cooked, chilled overnight, sliced, and packaged. On the day of slicing, samples were evaluated for water activity, cooking yield, proximate composition and percent salt. Samples were evaluated throughout 18w of refrigerated storage for pH, texture profile analysis, aerobic plate count (APC), and anaerobic plate count. Bacterial communities were …
Genetic Parameters For Docility, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight And Intramuscular Fat Percentage In Hereford Cattle,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Genetic Parameters For Docility, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight And Intramuscular Fat Percentage In Hereford Cattle, José A. Torres-Vazquez
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Temperament in cattle can be described as the reactivity or fear response to human handling, and it is important to beef cattle producers not only from a human safety but also due to potential correlations with other economically traits. Before a docility selection metric can be added to a genetic evaluation, any potential antagonisms with economically relevant traits should be quantified. The objective was to estimate genetic parameters, including genetic correlations, for chute score (CS), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF) in Hereford cattle. Single-trait and bivariate animal models were used to estimate heritabilities and …
Beef Systems Management Strategies: Calving Date Selection, Estrus Synchronization, And Post-Weaning Management,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Beef Systems Management Strategies: Calving Date Selection, Estrus Synchronization, And Post-Weaning Management, Benjamin T. Tibbitts
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The objective of an invited review and four experiments was to evaluate production implications and economic efficiencies of beef systems strategies involving calving date selection, utilization of reproductive technology, and post-weaning management of heifers and steers. The invited review in chapter II considers factors that influence a producer’s decision on when to calve beef females. The calving date decision impacts the entire beef production cycle and must take into account any environmental conditions, available resources, and cite specific advantages and/or disadvantages. Understanding the importance of varying physiological state and nutrient demands associated with lactation and gestation is critical to optimizing …
Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Sheep Fetuses Exhibit Smaller Hindlimb Muscle Fibers And Lower Proportions Of Insulin-Sensitive Type I Fibers Near Term,
2016
University of Nebraska Lincoln & The University of Arizona
Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Sheep Fetuses Exhibit Smaller Hindlimb Muscle Fibers And Lower Proportions Of Insulin-Sensitive Type I Fibers Near Term, Dustin T. Yates, Caitlin N. Cadaret, Kristin A. Beede, Hannah E. Riley, Antoni R. Macko, Miranda J. Anderson, Leticia E. Camacho, Sean W. Limesand
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Intrauterine growthrestricted sheep fetuses exhibit smaller hindlimb muscle fibers and lower proportions of insulin-sensitive Type I fibers near term. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310: R1020–R1029, 2016. First published April 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00528.2015.—Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) reduces muscle mass and insulin sensitivity in offspring. Insulin sensitivity varies among muscle fiber types, with Type I fibers being most sensitive. Differences in fibertype ratios are associated with insulin resistance in adults, and thus we hypothesized that near-term IUGR sheep fetuses exhibit reduced size and proportions of Type I fibers. Placental insufficiency-induced IUGR fetuses were 54% smaller (P < 0.05) than controls and exhibited hypoxemia and hypoglycemia, which contributed to 6.9- fold greater (P < 0.05) plasma norepinephrine and 53% lower (P < 0.05) plasma insulin concentrations. IUGR semitendinosus muscles contained less (P < 0.05) myosin heavy chain-I protein (MyHC-I) and proportionally fewer (P < 0.05) Type I and Type I/IIa fibers than controls, but MyHC-II protein concentrations, Type II fibers, and Type IIx fibers were not different. IUGR biceps femoris muscles exhibited similar albeit less dramatic differences in fiber type proportions. Type I and IIa fibers are more responsive to adrenergic and insulin regulation than Type IIx and may be more profoundly impaired by the high catecholamines and low insulin in our IUGR fetuses, leading to their proportional reduction. In both muscles, fibers of each type were uniformly smaller (P < 0.05) in IUGR fetuses than controls, which indicates that fiber hypertrophy is not dependent on type but rather on other factors such as myoblast differentiation or protein synthesis. Together, our findings show that IUGR fetal muscles develop smaller fibers and have proportionally fewer Type I fibers, which is indicative of developmental adaptations that may help explain the link between IUGR and adulthood insulin resistance
Adrenal Demedullation And Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations In Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction,
2016
The University of Arizona
Adrenal Demedullation And Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations In Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Antoni R. Macko, Dustin T. Yates, Xiaochuan Chen, Leslie A. Shelton, Amy C. Kelly, Melissa A. Davis, Leticia E. Camacho, Miranda J. Anderson, Sean W. Limesand
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
In pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal glucose and oxygen concentrations are reduced, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations are elevated throughout the final third of gestation. Here we study the effects of chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia on β-cell function in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced IUGR that is produced by maternal hyperthermia. IUGR and control fetuses underwent a sham (intact) or bilateral adrenal demedullation (AD) surgical procedure at 0.65 gestation. As expected, AD-IUGR fetuses had lower norepinephrine concentrations than intact-IUGR fetuses despite being hypoxemic and hypoglycemic. Placental insufficiency reduced fetal weights, but the severity …
Use Of The Mitochondrial Control Region As A Potential Dna Mini-Barcoding Target For The Identification Of Canned Tuna Species,
2016
Chapman University
Use Of The Mitochondrial Control Region As A Potential Dna Mini-Barcoding Target For The Identification Of Canned Tuna Species, Jacquelyn K. Mitchell, Rosalee S. Hellberg
Food Science Faculty Articles and Research
In this study, a DNA mini-barcoding methodology was developed for the differentiation of species commonly found in canned tuna. Primers were designed to target a 236-base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR) and a 179-bp fragment of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the ability to differentiate 13 tuna species on the basis of the CR mini-barcode, except in a few cases of species introgression. Supplementary use of ITS1 allowed for differentiation of introgressed Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), while differentiation of introgressed Atlantic …
Effect Of Green Tea On Interaction Of Lipid Oxidation Products With Sarcoplasmic And Myofibrillar Protein Homogenates Extracted From Bovine Top Round Muscle,
2016
California State University - Northridge
Effect Of Green Tea On Interaction Of Lipid Oxidation Products With Sarcoplasmic And Myofibrillar Protein Homogenates Extracted From Bovine Top Round Muscle, Nahathai Stapornkul, Tatiana Prytkova, Lilian Were
Food Science Faculty Articles and Research
The interaction between lipid oxidation products and bovine sarcoplasmic (SP) and myofibrillar protein (MP) homogenates in the presence of green tea was investigated. To monitor the effect of green tea on lipid oxidation, aldehydes were measured while effect on protein was monitored via changes in myoglobin, thiols, and tryptophan fluorescence over nine days of refrigerated storage. The presence of SP and MP decreased free aldehydes in the buffers. The SP bound more aldehydes than MP. The tea compounds exhibited more favorable binding energies than aldehydes near histidine 64 close to the heme moiety of myoglobin. Addition of tea lowered tryptophan …
Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles With And Without
A Direct-Fed Microbial To Determine Performance, Carcass Characteristics,
And Fecal Shedding Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Feedlot Heifers,
2016
Oklahoma State University
Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles With And Without A Direct-Fed Microbial To Determine Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Fecal Shedding Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Feedlot Heifers, B. K. Wilson, B. P. Pulsipher, D. L. Step, M. E. Jacob, D. L. Vanoverbeke, C. J. Richards, T. G. Nagaraja, C. R. Krehbiel
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The inclusion of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) in feedlot diets has become a common practice in many regions of the United States due to the expanded production of byproducts and fluctuating corn prices related to ethanol production and other factors. In addition, societal concerns over the continued use of antimicrobials in agriculture production combined with an enhanced interest in disease and pathogen prevention in the food supply have led to an increased interest in use of direct-fed microbials (DFM) in growing and finishing cattle. Direct-fed microbials have been shown to improve ADG and feed efficiency, alter ruminal fermentation, …
Joint Mouse–Human Phenome-Wide Association To
Test Gene Function And Disease Risk,
2016
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Joint Mouse–Human Phenome-Wide Association To Test Gene Function And Disease Risk, Xusheng Wang, Ashutosh K. Ciobanu, Megan K. Mulligan, Evan G. Williams, Khyobeni Mozhui, Zhengsheng Li, Virginija Jovaisaite, L. Darryl Quarles, Zhousheng Xiao, Jinsong Huang, John A. Capra, Zugen Chen, William L. Taylor, Lisa Bastarache, Xinnan Niu, Katherine S. Pollard, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Alexander O. Reznik, Artem V. Tishkov, Igor B. Zhulin, Junmin Peng, Stanley F. Nelson, Joshua C. Denny, Johan Auwerx, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Phenome-wide association is a novel reverse genetic strategy to analyze genome-tophenome relations in human clinical cohorts. Here we test this approach using a large murine population segregating for ~5 million sequence variants, and we compare our results to those extracted from a matched analysis of gene variants in a large human cohort. For the mouse cohort, we amassed a deep and broad open-access phenome consisting of ~4,500 metabolic, physiological, pharmacological and behavioural traits, and more than 90 independent expression quantitative trait locus (QTL), transcriptome, proteome, metagenome and metabolome data sets—by far the largest coherent phenome for any experimental cohort (www.genenetwork.org). …
Carcass Gain, Efficiency, And Profitability Of
Steers At Extended Days On Feed,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Carcass Gain, Efficiency, And Profitability Of Steers At Extended Days On Feed, Robert G. Bondurant, Jim C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson Erickson, Kate Brooks, Rick N. Funston, Kelly Bruns
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Steers were individually fed for 22 and 44 days longer than the industry average marketing point of 0.5” backfat to determine carcass- based gain, efficiency, and deposition changes throughout the feeding period (142, 163, and 184 days on feed). Premiums and discounts for yield grade, quality grade, and overweight carcasses were applied to determine profitability. Feeding steers for 22 and 44 days longer increased carcass weight, quality grade, and yield grade 4 and 5s. Steers fed 44 days longer had increased total revenue and profit per head despite a decrease in live gain and efficiency.
Site And Extent Of Digestion Of Finishing Diets Containing
Syngenta Enhanced Feed Corn,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Site And Extent Of Digestion Of Finishing Diets Containing Syngenta Enhanced Feed Corn, Melissa L. Jolly- Breithaupt, Jana L. Harding, Jim C. Macdonald Donald, Galen E. Erickson, Matt K. Luebbe
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Four ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were utilized to evaluate the effects of Syngenta Enhanced Feed Corn™ containing an alpha amylase enzyme trait (SYT- EFC) compared to the isoline parental control corn without the alpha amylase enzyme trait (Negative Isoline) on site and extent of digestion in finishing diets. Cattle fed SYT- EFC dry rolled corn had numerically greater postruminal starch digestibility, excreted lower fecal starch, and had greater total tract starch digestibility compared to cattle fed Negative Isoline corn. These data would suggest that cattle are able to utilize more starch from corn containing the SYT- EFC trait, which …
Evaluation Of Different Byproduct Combinations Along With
Treated Corn Stover On Growing Steer Performance,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluation Of Different Byproduct Combinations Along With Treated Corn Stover On Growing Steer Performance, Kristen M. Ulmer, Curtis J. Bittner, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A growing study was conducted to determine the effects of maximizing the energy density of treated corn stover through feed component additions. Calves fed 46% brome hay diet with treated corn stover and varying amounts of solubles or glycerin had greater dry matter intake, but lower average daily gain compared to calves fed modified distillers grains. Calcium oxide treated corn stover treatments also had lower feed to gain and ending body weight than control calves fed distillers grains. Displacing protein as solubles or fat as glycerin in a treated corn stover feed did not provide the same feeding value as …
Effect Of Winter Distillers Grains Supplementation Level On
Spayed Heifer Performance,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effect Of Winter Distillers Grains Supplementation Level On Spayed Heifer Performance, Robert G. Bondurant, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
The effects of winter level of supplementation were evaluated using spayed heifers grazing winter corn residue followed by brome grass and native range grazing periods and finished on a common diet. Distillers grains were supplemented during winter corn residue grazing at 3, 5, and 7 lb per heifer daily. Gain during the winter phase increased while summer phase decreased with increasing level of winter supplementation. Th ere were no differences in feedlot performance for either year across treatments. In year 2, HCW increased from 820 to 848 and 855 lb as heifers were supplemented 3, 5, or 7 lb distillers …
Effect Of Crude Glycerin Concentration On
Forage Digestion Parameters In Beef Calves,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effect Of Crude Glycerin Concentration On Forage Digestion Parameters In Beef Calves, Robert G. Bondurant, Jana L. Harding, Melissa L. Jolly- Breithaupt Breithaupt, James C. Macdonald, Andrea R. Mccain, Samodha C. Fernando
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Seven ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers were used to evaluate effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin on digestion in high forage diets. As glycerin inclusion increased, DM, OM, and NDF intake decreased. Neither DM nor OM digestibility were affected by glycerin inclusion. While dietary NDF digestibility decreased as glycerin increased, glycerin inclusion had no effect on rate or extent of in situ NDF digestibility estimates. As glycerin inclusion increased, propionate and butyrate VFA proportions increased while acetate decreased. Decreases in acetate to propionate ratio with increasing concentrations of crude glycerin may improve F:G in forage- based diets.
Metabolic And Body Temperature Responses To
Environmental Conditions Across Seasons In Finishing Steers,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Metabolic And Body Temperature Responses To Environmental Conditions Across Seasons In Finishing Steers, Bradley M. Boyd, Terry L. Mader, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Dirk Burken, Henry Hilscher, Gene Wijffels, John B. Gaughan, Megan Sullivan, Judy Cawdell- Smith, Galen E. Erickson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two trials (summer and winter) were conducted with 80 steers each at the UNL ARDC near Mead, Neb. Continuous body temperature was collected throughout both trials and blood samples were taken every other week until four weeks prior to harvest. Th is resulted in a total of 6 collections for the summer and 8 collections for the winter. Blood measures responded differently between seasons with significant quadratic interactions between collection time and season suggesting environmental conditions affect blood metabolites.
Producer Concerns And Perceptions Regarding The Effect Of
Methane On Cattle Production And The Environment,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Producer Concerns And Perceptions Regarding The Effect Of Methane On Cattle Production And The Environment, Bradley M. Boyd, Amanda Burken, Lisa Franzen- Castle Castle, Karla Jenkins, Richard J. Rasby, Matt K. Luebbe, Rick Stowell, Samodha C. Fernando, Galen E. Erickson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Knowledge of producer concerns and perceptions on methane production from cattle and its impact on the environment is unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this survey were to determine what producers know about methane production by cattle and to determine if different age groups, regions of Nebraska, and production size/ type affects producer opinions on enteric methane production and climate change. Producers felt that methane production has little impact on animal performance but were not very confident in their knowledge. Most producers received information related to animal agriculture from veterinarians; therefore, veterinarians should continue to be a major target for extension …
