Evolutionary Selection Against Short Nucleotide Sequences In Viruses And Their Related Hosts,
2020
Tel Aviv University
Evolutionary Selection Against Short Nucleotide Sequences In Viruses And Their Related Hosts, Yoram Zarai, Zohar Zafrir, Bunpote Siridechadilok, Amporn Suphatrakul, Modi Roopin, Justin G. Julander, Tamir Tuller
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Viruses are under constant evolutionary pressure to effectively interact with the host intracellular factors, while evading its immune system. Understanding how viruses co-evolve with their hosts is a fundamental topic in molecular evolution and may also aid in developing novel viral based applications such as vaccines, oncologic therapies, and anti-bacterial treatments. Here, based on a novel statistical framework and a large-scale genomic analysis of 2,625 viruses from all classes infecting 439 host organisms from all kingdoms of life, we identify short nucleotide sequences that are under-represented in the coding regions of viruses and their hosts. These sequences cannot be explained …
Theoretical Risk Of Genetic Reassortment Should Not Impede Development Of Live, Attenuated Rift Valley Fever (Rvf) Vaccines Commentary On The Draft Who Rvf Target Product Profile,
2020
Crozet BioPharma LLC
Theoretical Risk Of Genetic Reassortment Should Not Impede Development Of Live, Attenuated Rift Valley Fever (Rvf) Vaccines Commentary On The Draft Who Rvf Target Product Profile, Thomas P. Monath, Jeroen Kortekaas, Douglas M. Watts, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Angelle Desiree Labeaud, Brian B. Gowen, Clarence J. Peters, Darci R. Smith, Robert Swanepoel, John C. Morrill, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Phillip R. Pittman, Brian H. Bird, George Bettinger
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
In November 2019, The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a draft set of Target Product Profiles (TPPs) describing optimal and minimally acceptable targets for vaccines against Rift Valley fever (RVF), a Phlebovirus with a three segmented genome, in both humans and ruminants. The TPPs contained rigid requirements to protect against genomic reassortment of live, attenuated vaccines (LAVs) with wild-type RVF virus (RVFV), which place undue constraints on development and regulatory approval of LAVs. We review the current LAVs in use and in development, and conclude that there is no evidence that reassortment between LAVs and wild-type RVFV has occurred during …
Dairy Digest 2020 : Rooted In Tradition,
2020
South Dakota State University
Dairy Digest 2020 : Rooted In Tradition, South Dakota State University Dairy Club
Dairy Digest
This is the 2020 Dairy Digest published annually by the South Dakota State University Dairy Club. The Digest contains information and news about the activities and members of the SDSU Dairy Club for the academic year 2019 - 2020.
Calf Heath And Oxidative Stress,
2020
University of Rhode Island
Calf Heath And Oxidative Stress, Samantha Cardin
Senior Honors Projects
In recent years, beef cattle operations such as farms and ranches in the U.S. have surpassed 900,000 and have been steadily increasing. With this rise in the beef industry, comes a greater concern for calf health since it has huge impacts on production and viability. There are multiple different factors that can affect calf health ranging from the intrauterine environment to conditions early on post parturition. An improper maternal environment during pregnancy can impact fetal growth because it can decrease the amount of nutrients reaching the calf. This can lead to low birth weights and undeveloped organ systems. Additionally, if …
Consumption Of The Total Western Diet Promotes Colitis And Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice,
2020
Utah State University
Consumption Of The Total Western Diet Promotes Colitis And Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice, Abby D. Benninghoff, Korry J. Hintze, Stephany P. Monsanto, Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez, Ashli H. Hunter, Sumira Phatak, James J. Pestka, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Robert E. Ward
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Consumption of a Western type diet is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer. Our group previously developed the total Western diet (TWD) for rodents with energy and nutrient profiles that emulate a typical Western diet. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that consumption of the TWD would enhance colitis, delay recovery from gut injury and promote colon tumorigenesis. In multiple experiments using the azoxymethane + dextran sodium sulfate or ApcMin/+ mouse models of colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis (CAC), we determined that mice fed TWD experienced more severe and more prolonged colitis compared to their counterparts fed the standard …
Guinea Pig Transferrin Receptor 1 Mediates Cellular Entry Of Junín Virus And Other Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses,
2020
Utah State University
Guinea Pig Transferrin Receptor 1 Mediates Cellular Entry Of Junín Virus And Other Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses, Brady T. Hickerson, Jonna B. Westover, Zhongde Wang, Young-Min Lee, Brian B. Gowen
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Several clade B New World arenaviruses (NWAs) can cause severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever, for which preventive and therapeutic measures are severely limited. These NWAs use human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) as a host cell receptor for virus entry. The most prevalent of the pathogenic NWAs is Junín virus (JUNV), the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Small animal models of JUNV infection are limited because most laboratory rodent species are refractory to disease. Only guinea pigs are known to develop disease following JUNV infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate …
Campbell Collection (Mss 683),
2020
Western Kentucky University
Campbell Collection (Mss 683), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 683. Correspondence and papers primarily relating to the service of Elvis R. Campbell, Bowling Green, Kentucky, in the public works department of city government and at Detrex Corporation. Also includes account books/farm journals and business papers of his parents, John R. Campbell and Maggie (Brown) Campbell.
A Molecularly Engineered Antiviral Banana Lectin Inhibits Fusion And Is Efficacious Against Influenza Virus Infection In Vivo,
2020
University of Michigan
A Molecularly Engineered Antiviral Banana Lectin Inhibits Fusion And Is Efficacious Against Influenza Virus Infection In Vivo, Evelyn M. Covés-Datson, Steven R. King, Maureen Legendre, Auroni Gupta, Susana M. Chan, Emily Gitlin, Vikram V. Kulkarni, Jezreel Pantaleón García, Donald F. Smee, Elke Lipka, Scott E. Evans, E. Bart Tarbet, Akira Ono, David M. Markovitz
Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
There is a strong need for a new broad-spectrum antiinfluenza therapeutic, as vaccination and existing treatments are only moderately effective. We previously engineered a lectin, H84T banana lectin (H84T), to retain broad-spectrum activity against multiple influenza strains, including pandemic and avian, while largely eliminating the potentially harmful mitogenicity of the parent compound. The amino acid mutation at position 84 from histidine to threonine minimizes the mitogenicity of the wild-type lectin while maintaining antiinfluenza activity in vitro. We now report that in a lethal mouse model H84T is indeed nonmitogenic, and both early and delayed therapeutic administration of H84T intraperitoneally are …
Microbial Interactions Between Compost Bedded Pack Barn Bedding And Teat Exposure In Transition Dairy Cattle,
2020
University of Kentucky
Microbial Interactions Between Compost Bedded Pack Barn Bedding And Teat Exposure In Transition Dairy Cattle, Tanya Lynn France
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Compost bedded pack barns utilize composting methods which provide a soft surface for dairy cows to lie on. This requires optimal microbial growth, which may increase the exposure of mastitis-causing pathogens to the teats of early lactation animals. Bedding characteristics, bedding bacteria, and bacterial counts on the teat skin, teat ends, and in the milk of early lactation dairy cows housed on a compost bedded pack were assessed over a 6-month time. The main objective was to determine the relationship between environmental effects (bedding characteristics and weather conditions) and cow-level (teat skin, teat end, milk) bacteria counts over time in …
Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review, Winter 2019-2020,
2020
South Dakota State University
Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review, Winter 2019-2020, Vikram V. Mistry
The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review
This is the Winter 2019- 2020 Jackrabbit Dairy and Food Review.
It contains the following articles and information: Message from the Department Head, David A. Thompson Endowment, New Personnel, Judging Activities, Dairy Club, Student Accomplishments, Food Science Club, Career Opportunities, Professional Activities of Faculty and Staff, Dairy Facilities, 2019 Graduates, Where Are They Now?, Scholarships, Dairy and Food Science Students, Outreach, Distinguished Alumnus
Valorization Studies On Ice-Cream Wastewater And Whey Permeate,
2020
South Dakota State University
Valorization Studies On Ice-Cream Wastewater And Whey Permeate, Maryam Enteshari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ever growing demand for dairy products in many countries has led to advancements in the manufacture of such products. Nowadays, revolutionary trends for high-protein dairy foods and drinks products have brought about new challenges from processing requirements and manufacturing aspects. Using different membrane processing has enabled dairy manufacturers to produce different fraction of milk proteins such as micellar caseins, ultra-filtered (UF) milk proteins, whey proteins concentrate (WPC), and micellar casein concentrate (MCC) to meet the nutritional needs with variety of milk product options. However, the installation of new processing lines and establishing further manufacturing steps requires more consumption of water …
Effect Of Soy Lecithin Concentration On Formulating Dairy Emulsions Through Ultrasound Treatment,
2020
South Dakota State University
Effect Of Soy Lecithin Concentration On Formulating Dairy Emulsions Through Ultrasound Treatment, Collette Kernyuy Nyuydze
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The ability of high intensity ultrasound to produce stable emulsions without the addition of surfactant was evaluated in a dairy-based formulation. The formulation consisted of protein (4.33 ± 0.05%, whey protein concentrates (WPC80), carbohydrates (21.52 ± 0.75%, sucrose and maltodextrin), oil (2.90 ± 0.05%, soybean oil), and surfactant (0-.05%). Pre-emulsions formulated with either 0, 0.025, and 0.05% of soy lecithin were treated for 5 min at an acoustic intensity of either 42.58 ± 2.98, 56.83 ± 3.01, or 70.48 ± 2.97 W cm-2. The stability of the emulsions was evaluated through particle size, dynamic rheology, gel electrophoresis, and …
Applications Of Hydrodynamic Cavitation In Dairy Manufacturing: Process Development And Standardization,
2020
South Dakota State University
Applications Of Hydrodynamic Cavitation In Dairy Manufacturing: Process Development And Standardization, Jae Young Sim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation involves the formation, growth, and subsequent collapse of bubbles when a given liquid experienced a reduction of pressure below its vapor pressure. The presence of cavitation limits the performance and the safe operation of many machinery and pumps. However, innovation in the design of the hydrodynamic cavitation devices has offered promising applications in the food and dairy industry. Upon collapse of the cavities, the fluid experiences significant mechanical effects (shear and turbulence) as well as instantaneously elevation of the fluid temperature. All these effects can be put to work for mixing, dispersion, particle size reduction, …
Resynchronizing Returns To Estrus After A Prior Insemination,
2020
Kansas State University
Resynchronizing Returns To Estrus After A Prior Insemination, J. S. Stevenson, J. A. Sauls-Hiesterman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In two experiments, GnRH and a progesterone insert (CIDR) were applied to cows after insemination (day 0) to reprogram or synchronize the returning estrus of cows that failed to conceive to that previous insemination. The combination of GnRH (day 14) and a CIDR insert (days 17 to 24) in experiment 1 (n = 347 cows) increased the proportion of nonpregnant cows returning to estrus before pregnancy diagnosis on day 32 by 7.4 percentage points, increased the synchrony of their return by 24.4 percentage points, but delayed that return by 2.3 days compared with controls. In experiment 2 (n = 863 …
Complete Luteolysis And Pregnancy Per Insemination After Modifying The Standard 7-Day Ovsynch Program In Dairy Cows,
2020
Kansas State University
Complete Luteolysis And Pregnancy Per Insemination After Modifying The Standard 7-Day Ovsynch Program In Dairy Cows, J. S. Stevenson, B. Atanasov
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two experiments were conducted with Holstein-Friesian cows in the Republic of North Macedonia and with Holstein cows in Kansas. We hypothesized that a single standard dose of PGF2α injected on day 8 instead of day 7 in the standard Ovsynch program would increase the proportion of cows with complete luteolysis and increase the synchronization risk compared with control cows receiving a standard dose on day 7. Cows were treated with the standard program (Ov-7x1) or with Ov-8x1 experimental program in experiment 1, using only a single dose of PGF2α. In experiment 2, a third treatment was added …
Characterization Of A Commercial Whey Protein Hydrolysate And Its Use As A Binding Agent In The Whey Protein Isolate Agglomeration Process,
2020
Kansas State University
Characterization Of A Commercial Whey Protein Hydrolysate And Its Use As A Binding Agent In The Whey Protein Isolate Agglomeration Process, B. Zaitoun, N. Palmer, J. Amamcharla
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Soy lecithin is a commonly used binder in agglomerating dairy powders. Due to the increase in consumer awareness on “clean label” and also to increase the shelf-life of agglomerated whey protein isolate (WPI), the demand of lecithin-free agglomerated WPI has increased. In this work, whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) was utilized as a binder to facilitate the agglomeration of WPI. The first objective was to characterize the chemical properties of three lots of WPH obtained from a commercial manufacturer. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of WPH was 13.82–15.35% and not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the lots. It was observed …
Effect Of Stirring And Static Heating On Fibrilization Of Milk Whey Protein: A Processing Approach,
2020
Kansas State University
Effect Of Stirring And Static Heating On Fibrilization Of Milk Whey Protein: A Processing Approach, G. Rathod, J. Amamcharla
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
When globular proteins such as whey proteins are converted to fibril structure, the functional properties, including viscosity and water holding capacity, are improved. Consequently, they can be used as functional ingredients in a variety of foods such as yogurt and bakery products. In this study, milk whey protein isolates were converted to fibrils by heating at low pH using two different approaches to reduce fibrilization time without compromising the quality of fibrils. Fibrils were made with an intervention of stirring to reduce fibrilization time. Continuous stirring improved the quality of fibrils and speed of the fibrilization.
Effects Of Pre-Cutting Round Alfalfa Hay Bales On Forage Quality And Processing Time,
2020
Kansas State University
Effects Of Pre-Cutting Round Alfalfa Hay Bales On Forage Quality And Processing Time, W. E. Brown, E. Harms, J Heimsoth, J. Mcginnis, C. I. Vahl, B. J. Bradford, M. J. Brouk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Round hay balers with knives that cut the hay as it enters the baling chamber reduce the particle size upon baling, and eliminate the need for a tub grinder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a round hay baler with knives on forage quality of alfalfa hay at baling and after storage, and the effects of the processing method on nutrient composition and particle size distribution. Alfalfa hay was baled (560 M Megawide HC2, John Deere, Moline, IL) with knives every 4 inches (CUT; theoretical length of cut) or without knives (NORM). At baling and …
Association Of Horizontal Silo Pad Type, Elevation And Core Depth With Indicators Of Silo Ramp Hygiene, Forage Quality, And Digestibility,
2020
Kansas State University
Association Of Horizontal Silo Pad Type, Elevation And Core Depth With Indicators Of Silo Ramp Hygiene, Forage Quality, And Digestibility, W. E. Brown, N. M. Bello, M. J. Brouk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Horizontal silo piles without walls are constructed using packing equipment to adequately pack the forage for air exclusion. During packing, the equipment uses a ramp of forage to access the top of the pile, potentially introducing soil into the forage when the base of the silo is made of soil. Soil contains microorganisms which may cause malfermentation and pose health risks to livestock. The objective of this study was to assess the association of horizontal silo pad type, elevation, and core depth with indicators related to silage hygiene and nutrient quality. We hypothesized that ash and mineral content, microbiological profile, …
Dairy Research 2020,
2020
Kansas State University
Dairy Research 2020, M. J. Brouk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Kansas State University is pleased to present the 2020 Dairy Research Report of Progress. Topics include milk processing, physiology, management, nutrition, and feeding of dairy cattle.
