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Research On Evolution And Countermeasures Of International Technology Export Controls, Defang He, Guangjian Li, Fuqiang Tang, Fangjuan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Imposing strict export control on technologies related to national security and interests is common international practice. In recent years, with the increasingly fierce international competition, developed countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan are adjusting their technology export control policies. On the basis of summarizing the evolution of technology export control system in major developed countries and regions, this study mainly analyzes the latest trend of technology export control of western countries such as the United States and its impact on China’s science and technology innovation. Finally, countermeasures and policy suggestions are put forward from the …

Recent Progress And Perspectives On Development Of Gene Editing Tools, Zixian Liu, Chengping Li, Gogo Jun-Jie Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The gene editing field has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, leading to the establishment and refinement of multidimensional gene editing platforms. These innovations have enabled precise targeted gene knockout, repair, and insertion. These tools have stimulated significant progress in fundamental research, therapeutics, agriculture, environment protection, and industrial applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the milestones in gene editing tool development and offer perspectives on potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

Microbial Production Of Feed Amino Acids Promotes Reduction And Replacement Of Soybean Meal, Jia Liu, Qi Sheng, Kaifang Liu, Liming Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the promotion of soybean meal reduction and substitution as well as lower-protein diet technologies, China has become a leading global producer of feed amino acids. However, the amino acid industry faces significant challenges due to its relatively late start in independently developing industrial strains, resulting in relatively lagging key economic and technical parameters and a less robust intellectual property framework. The rapid progress of synthetic biology has provided promising avenues for the design and optimization of industrial amino acid-producing strains, offering new opportunities for the amino acid fermentation industry to enhance the global competitiveness. This study offers an in-depth …

Current Status And Prospect Of Industrial Filamentous Fungi In Biomanufacturing, Zhiqiang Du, Ping Men, Yu Zhou, Xuan Zhang, Xuenian Huang, Xuefeng Lyu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Filamentous fungi, a critical class of industrial microorganisms pivotal to the biomanufacturing industry, has extensive applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, agriculture, and chemical materials, which are playing a vital role in human life. Recently, innovations in synthetic biology have further driven the application of industrial filamentous fungi in biomanufacturing, highlighting their critical role in this field. This article presents a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the field, covering the latest developments in genetic modification techniques for industrial filamentous fungi, successful cases of rational strain improvement strategies aimed to enhance the quality and efficiency of current …

Digitalized Design Of Cell Factory Enables Green Biomanufacturing, Fanze Meng, Rui Cao, Bing Hu, Lei Qin, Chun Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing mode in the consideration of both environmental impact and efficiency of resource utilization, it represents a significant component of the “new productive force”. Centered on cell factories, green biomanufacturing leverages renewable resources to efficiently produce products that conform to the concepts of low-carbon, green, and sustainable development. The design of high-performance cell factories is pivotal for achieving efficient green biomanufacturing. Nevertheless, traditional cell factory design processes are complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. With advancements in artificial intelligence, digital-assisted cell factory design has emerged as a solution to save time and reduce costs. By integrating technologies …

Microsphere Core Technology Boosts Innovation Of Biopharmaceutical Industry Chain, Jie Wu, Weiqing Zhou, Lan Zhao, Guanghui Ma

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Advancements in life science and biotechnology have boosted the evolution of the biopharmaceutical industry with the continual emergence of biomedical products for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Microspheres, as crucial functional materials, play a significant role in the discovery, preparation, separation, and delivery of biological drugs due to their flexible size, morphology, structure, and function. This study reviews recent significant advancements in microspheres and their applications in cell culture, chromatographic separation, drug delivery, and as vaccine adjuvants. Additionally, it proposes future trends for the development of microspheres.

Bioprocess Engineering And Intelligent Biomanufacturing, Guan Wang, Yingping Zhuang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of rapid development of synthetic biology, biomanufacturing, as a bridge between life sciences and engineering technologies, is gradually demonstrating its extraordinary potential to reshape industrial landscapes. However, challenges such as production efficiency, cost control, and process monitoring still hinder the smooth transition from laboratory innovations to industrial-scale implementation. Intelligent biomanufacturing has emerged as a new form of productive force, offering innovative solutions to these problems. This study reviews the latest advances in bioprocess engineering and intelligent biomanufacturing, focusing on three key technological systems: intelligent sensing, intelligent analysis, and intelligent control. Intelligent sensing technology acts as the “eyes” …

Forecast Of China’S Economic Growth Rate In 2025 And Policy Suggestions, Xikang Chen, Cuihong Yang, Kunfu Zhu, Huijuan Wang, Xinru Li, Yu Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In 2024, China’s economy has shown steady progress, maintaining a relatively high growth rate. This study reviews the economic performance of China in 2024 and analyzes the domestic and international conditions for the next period. Using a system-based comprehensive factor prediction method, the study forecasts the economic growth rate for 2025, which indicates that China’s economy is expected to maintain stable operation, with a growth rate of around 4.8%, and is expected to reach around 5% if the package of incremental policies will be effectively implemented and boost the market. Based on the current economic situation, this study provides specific …

Artificial Intelligence Driven Information Technology System Restructuring And Reconstruction—Review Of Information Science & Technology In China: A Roadmap To 2050, Xuehai Hong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Information Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 and Information Technology: Accelerating the Integration of Human Machine Things have predicted the long-term development of China’s information technology field. This study reviews the development and changes in the field of information technology in the past 15 years, and compares them with the initial predictions, pointing out that some important judgments made at the beginning were in line with expectations. In recent years, the global development of information technology has entered a slow period, while the rapid evolution of the new generation of artificial intelligence will bring new opportunities …

Scientific Approach To Building A Highland Of Ecological Civilization In Xizang Of China, Xiaodan Wang, Jianxin Zhang, Da Wei, Hui Zhao, Jiangtao Hong, Yuling Liang, Yahui Qi, Zhengrong Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Xizang, which plays an important barrier role in maintaining national ecological security, is a unique region that ensures China’s sustainable development and leads the construction of national ecological civilization. The Seventh Central Conference on the Work of Xizang has set clear goals and specific requirements for building an ecological civilization highland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which were identified as a new mission and task of Xizang government for environmental protection and sustainable development in the new era. Based on the previous research achievements about national ecological security barrier, this work further carried out the systematic study of ecological civilization highland …

Development And Utilization Of Mineral Resources In The Arctic And China’S Strategic Countermeasures, Yina Su

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

There are abundant strategic mineral resources as oil, gas, iron ore, copper, and nickel in the Arctic region. If the Arctic routes can be opened in the future, they will become another important transportation channels connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, following the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal, which may reshape the world’s maritime trade and transportation pattern. With the development of science and technology, increase in mineral resources consumption and changes in the international environment, the strategic position of the Arctic region is increasingly elevated, and the United States, Russia and some other countries of the European Union …

Analysis On Development Status And Characteristics Of Non-Governmental Bio-Safety And Bio-Security Think Tanks In The United States, Wenbing Ma, Qiang Song, Lei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At present, the complexity of bio-safety governance is becoming increasingly prominent, and complex issues such as security and development in the bio-economy, preparedness and response to infectious disease pandemics, the interweaving and integration of bio-security and other security factors, and the integration of scientific and technological factors and security factors urgently require think tanks to conduct systematic, comprehensive and forward-looking assessments and provide professional solutions. Rooted in the relatively mature experience in the construction of think tanks in the United States, a number of bio-safety and bio-security think tanks with greater influence have been developed, which have acted as an …

Outstanding Articles In 2023 Of Journal Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Ai Helps To Establish A New Paradigm For Scientific Research, Weinan E

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The main purpose of scientific research is to discover fundamental principles and solve practical problems. Although tremendous progress has been made on both fronts, the lack of effective tools and efficient organizational structure still stands as the main bottleneck for scientific progress. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) offers a new possibility. In recent years, deep learning has had an impressive performance, both in helping to solve fundamental scientific problems and in improving the effectiveness of scientific research tools. A new set of infrastructure is emerging, leading us to a new paradigm, the“Android paradigm”, for doing scientific research.

Computing System For Simulation Intelligence, Guangming Tan, Weile Jia, Zhan Wang, Guojun Yuan, En Shao, Ninghui Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study refers computer simulation in scientific research to as scientific simulation. Based on its narrow and broad definitions, this study divides scientific simulation into three stages: numerical computation, simulation intelligence, and science brain. Now, scientific simulation is entering the era of simulation intelligence, i. e., driven by scientific big data and artificial intelligence technology, scientific simulation is shifting from traditional numerical simulation to simulation integrated with artificial intelligence. In order to understand what the right computing system for simulation intelligence is, the design guidelines, basic methods, and key technical problems are discussed.

Digital Scientists And Parallel Sciences: The Origin And Goal Of Ai For Science And Science For Ai, Feiyue Wang, Yutong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on recent development in foundation model, parallel intelligence, decentralized science (DeSci), and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, from AI for Science (AI4S) to Science for AI (S4AI), this study discusses parallel sciences and digital scientists, and their impact and significance in paradigm shift for research and development as well as Industry 5.0 and intelligent industry, which demonstrate that paradigm shift is emerging and accelerating, and we must be prepared.

Ai For Technology: Applied Practices And Future Perspectives Of Technological Intelligence In High Tech Areas, Yunji Chen, Qi Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the core of the fifth research paradigm, AI for Science has been widely used in multiple research fields of natural sciences and high technologies. In contrast to that the application of AI in natural sciences mainly focuses on discovering new theories, principles, and laws, the application of AI in high technologies mainly focuses on creating new plans, tools, and products, in order to resolve concrete problems in related fields. This study first summarizes the typical characteristics and scientific problems of the application of AI in high technologies, i.e., AI for Technology, and then introduces a successful case study of …

Large Model-Driven, Human-Computer Collaborative Robotic Ai-Chemist Cloud Facility, Yuanyuan Chong, Shuo Feng, Song Wang, Jun Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At present, chemical science is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges due to the technological changes brought by artificial intelligence. In order to promote the paradigm shift in chemical research, this study proposes the construction plan of the robotic AI-chemist cloud facility. This system realizes a new paradigm of scientific research by collecting multi-channel data to build a database, developing large scientific models enhanced by chemical knowledge, constructing clusters of robotic facilities, and building an intelligent management decision system, which will dramatically improve the efficiency of scientific research and solve scientific problems in terminal applications. This infrastructure is expected to change …

A New Paradigm Of Life Science Research Driven By Artificial Intelligence, Xin Li, Hanchao Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of biotechnology and information technology has brought life sciences into a new era of data explosion. The traditional life science research paradigm struggles to reveal the fundamental rules of complex biological systems from rapidly growing biological big data. As artificial intelligence continues to achieve disruptive breakthroughs in life science, a new paradigm driven by AI is emerging. This study delves into typical examples of life science research driven by AI, proposes the concept and key elements of the new life science research paradigm, elaborates on the cutting-edge of life science research under this new paradigm, and discusses …

Ai For Science: Ai Enabled Scientific Facility Transforms Fundamental Research, Xiaokang Yang, Yanyan Xu, Lu Chen, Yunbo Wang, Yue Gao, Jidong Tian, Kai Yu, Yaohui Jin, Hong Mei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved numerous disruptive breakthroughs in frontier scientific and technological fields, such as AlphaFold2 for protein structure prediction, intelligent control of nuclear fusion, and drug design for COVID-19. These achievements indicate that AI for Science is becoming a new paradigm in research. To achieve fundamental scientific innovation and major technological breakthroughs in the era of intelligence, two core issues should be addressed: 1) how to harness the generality and creativity of the new-generation of AI, especially generative AI and large language models (LLMs), to promote the formation of new paradigms; 2) how to empower …

Forecast Of China’S Economic Growth Rate In 2024 And Policy Suggestions, Xikang Chen, Cuihong Yang, Kunfu Zhu, Huijuan Wang, Xinru Li, Yu Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In 2023, China’s economy maintained a recovery trend after the epidemic. However, the economic recovery showed the characteristics of wave-like development, and it is expected that China’s economy will grow steadily and rapidly in 2024. This study introduces a comprehensive approach to forecasting annual GDP growth, integrating input-output models, econometric models, prosperity analysis, expert insights, and scenario analysis. Reviewing China’s economic performance in 2023 and the prevailing global and domestic conditions, it is projected that China’s GDP growth rate will be around 5.3% in 2024. Based on this analysis, several policy recommendations are suggested, namely, intensifying macro-control policies for both …

Global Technological Competition Enters High-Tech Cold War Era, Wen Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the third decade of the 21st century, global technological competition is spreading at an unprecedented level in every corner of the whole world. Major economies view technological change as a fundamental core capability for maintaining national security. Western countries, led by the United States, view technological change as a fundamental core capability for maintaining national security, making every effort to build leadership and consistency in the field of technology, and resorting to a high-tech cold war approach to suppress non-western countries. In the foreseeable future, China will build a strong country in science and technology, and achieve the goal …

Strategic Research On Information Technology Promoting National Governance Modernization—Review On The S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences, Chao Zhang, Weiyu Duan, Kaihua Chen, Xiaoguang Yang, Yuntao Long

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the …

Measurement, Evolution And International Comparison Of National Science And Technology Competitiveness, Kaihua Chen, Xin Wen, Chao Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The measurement of national science and technology competitiveness helps to describe the international competition pattern, and to provide decision-making reference for future-oriented science and technology policy and strategy formulation. From the perspective of input-process-output, the study proposes a three-dimensional measurement framework of potential-efficiency-strength for national science and technology competitiveness and realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement of national science and technology competitiveness, which takes the differences in both scale and efficiency into account. Based on The Report on National Science and Technology Competitiveness 2023, the study measures the national science and technology competitiveness of 34 major countries in the world and …

Analysis And Enlightenment Of International Policy Trends In Basic Research, Minzhuo Huang, Jinglei Wu, Zhen Ren, Qingfeng Meng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the intensity of international competition in science and technology continues to escalate, basic research has taken center stage in the strategic planning of countries worldwide. To address the challenges of the new era, major countries have evaluated the essence of basic research, as well as its positioning within national innovation systems, and are continuously explored innovative funding models. Based on monitoring and analysis of the latest policy developments in foreign basic research in 2022, and on the basis of analysis and data mining, this study comprehensively evaluates the policy trends and future directions of basic research in major countries. …

Nine-Step Approach Of Smart Agricultural Helps Grain Production Reduce Costs, Increase Yield And Efficiency, Shuqin Gao, Zhaomin Hu, Hongsheng Wang, Xiaobo Zhang, Yucheng Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Food security is a top priority in national governance. Since 1949, high-standard farmland construction, agricultural mechanization development, and agricultural technology promotion have all contributed to the grain production. To ensure grain security, China has drawn a “red line” of 1.8 billion mu (about 120 million hectares) as the official minimum of arable land. At the same time, increasing the investment of capital goods such as fertilizer and pesticides can no longer produce more food. Due to the extensive farming method in the past, the continuous increase in total grain output becomes difficult in the future. With the rapid development of …

Legal, Policy, And Environmental Scholars Discuss Global Food Systems At Indiana Law Symposium, James Owsley Boyd

Keep Up With the Latest News from the Law School (blog)

The Indiana University Maurer School of Law and its Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies are hosting scholars from around the country Friday and Saturday (Jan. 19-20) for an interdisciplinary discussion on one of the world’s most prevalent problems—food insecurity.

Data from the World Bank estimate more than 780 million people around the world suffered from chronic hunger in 2022. As climate change affects agricultural production and water accessibility, the problem could worsen in coming years.

“A Fragile Framework: How Global Food Systems Intersect with the International Legal Order, the Environment, and the World’s Populations” will bring together legal, policy, …

Pengaruh Talent Management Dan Servant Leadership Terhadap Kinerja Asn Kantor Pusat Bpk Ri, Nurwinten Panggabean

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of talent management and servant leadership on ASN performance both partially and collectively. The research method used is descriptive and verification. The research was conducted at 95 ASNs at the BPK RI Head Office. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study are that partially or jointly talent management and servant leadership affect ASN performance. Furthermore, a determinant value is obtained worth 0.956, this gives the meaning that talent management and servant leadership are able to …

Pilot Implementation Of A Nutrition-Focused Community-Health-Worker Intervention Among Formerly Chronically Homeless Adults In Permanent Supportive Housing, Jane E Hamilton, Diana C Guevara, Sara F Steinfeld, Raina Jose, Farrah Hmaidan, Sarah Simmons, Calvin W Wong, Clara Smith, Eva Thibaudeau-Graczyk, Shreela V Sharma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Food insecurity is a known health equity threat for formerly chronically homeless populations even after they transition into permanent housing. This project utilized a human-centered design methodology to plan and implement a nutrition-focused community-health-worker (CHW) intervention in permanent supportive housing (PSH). The project aimed to increase access to healthy foods, improve nutritional literacy, healthy cooking/eating practices, and build community/social connectedness among 140 PSH residents. Validated food-security screening conducted by CHWs identified low or very low food security among 64% of 83 residents who completed the baseline survey, which is similar to rates found in a previous study among formerly homeless …

Homeownership And Mortgage Loans: How Important Is A Conventional Loan?, Zachary Owen, Cory Curl

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Communities across the United States face a housing crisis that stems in part from a scarcity of conventional home mortgage loans. In 2020, the Urban Institute reported that when applying for a mortgage, Black applicants were denied 27.1% of the time, yet White applicants were denied only 13.6% of the time. These denial rates are highly correlated with homeownership rates. Today, despite policy efforts, the difference in White and Black homeownership rates is higher than in the 1960s when the government enforced discriminatory housing policy.

Because lenders often cite credit score concerns and high debt-to-income ratios as rationales to deny …