Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons^™

Medical Mission Futures: German Protestant Missionaries And Modern Healthcare In Southern Highlands, Tanzania,1891–1940, Luoneko Kaduma

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

The history of colonial missionaries in Tanzania is marked by a complex interplay between evangelical efforts and the provision of Western biomedicine, which functioned as crucial mechanisms for conversion and cultural transformation. Missionaries viewed the improvement of African health as a project aimed at attracting converts and propagating Christianity. However, the available data indicates that, instead of genuinely expressing interest in converting to Christianity, the majority of Africans primarily sought mission medical assistance for medical reasons while maintaining strong connections to their traditional beliefs and healing practices. This paper, drawing from archival documents, ethnographic accounts, and missionary writings, focuses on …

‘Prevention Is Better Than Cure’: Smallpox Vaccination In Postcolonial Tanzania, 1961–1980, Musa Sadock

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article examines the smallpox vaccination programme in postcolonial Tanzania from the 1960s to the early 1980s as part of the postcolonial future making in preventive medicine. The article departs from extant scholarship on smallpox vaccination in postcolonial Tanzania, which depicts the intervention as a success, while relegating to the background challenges associated with the intervention. The article argues that the smallpox vaccination programme registered challenges and successes that offer lessons for combating of future epidemics. The achievements of the programme were due to the adoption of specific public health policies, namely mass vaccination and public health education as well …

The Texas Electorate's Views Of Health Care As A Human Right, Community Health Centers, And Certain Matters Of The Health Care Safety Net, Scott Elphingstone

Graduate Liberal Studies Theses and Dissertations

In a country in which the government does not recognize a right to health care,social safety nets are the last hope for persons without insurance or other means to pay for needed care. In United States, community health centers, hospital emergency rooms, and private charities comprise that safety net. Community health centers offer a practicable alternative for politicians and citizens who want to help improve the lives of persons who struggle to access health care. This dissertation reviews the political history of community health centers from their founding as part of the War on Poverty in the 1960s through Democratic …

Volume 7 (2024) Artificial Intelligence And Responsibility, Arwa Alnajashi, Danielle Derise, Philip L. Frana, David Mcgraw, Amanda Sawyer, Tatjana Titareva, Raafat Zaini, Allie Zombron

International Journal on Responsibility

The seventh volume of the International Journal on Responsibility (IJR) arrives at a crucial moment in the evolution of artificial intelligence and its integration into our academic and social fabric. As we witness the rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems across various domains, this special issue examines the multifaceted dimensions of responsibility surrounding AI technology, with a particular focus on its role in higher education and broader societal implications.

The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of responsibility through diverse lenses, from classroom implementation to ethical design considerations. Together, they fulfill IJR’s central mission of exploring “Who …

The Role Of Innovation Hubs In Driving Local Entrepreneurial Behavior: The Case Of Creativa Innovation Hubs In Qena And Aswan, Lamees Koura

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the role of innovation hubs in driving innovation and entrepreneurial behavior among local communities, ultimately contributing to the development of better national entrepreneurship ecosystems. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology using a case study approach to conduct an empirical investigation to obtain deeper insights into the innovation hubs phenomenon using the Creativa Innovation Hubs initiative in two governorates in Upper Egypt, Qena and Aswan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty individuals between beneficiaries and managers of Creativa innovation hubs. The study demonstrated that government efforts to promote entrepreneurship through the Creativa Innovation Hubs Initiative significantly influence …

Symposium On Leadership Competencies For Peace Leadership: An Overview And Invitation, Whitney Mcintyre Miller

Education Faculty Articles and Research

"This Symposium proposes eight leadership competencies, presented by experts in each area, as examples of ways in which leadership can be aligned with peace in order to bring about sustainable, positive change. This Symposium does not argue for just another list of leadership skills and practices, but rather, illustrates that when leadership competencies are intentionally combined with peace practices, we can engage in the work of peace leadership: leading our communities, organizations, and societies toward peace and equitable justice. Therefore, this Symposium utilizes these competencies as a “jumping off point” to nudge the field of leadership studies to begin to …

To Define And Protect The Best Interest Of The Child, Nadia Abdulbaki

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Domestic violence is a prevalent crisis that has detrimentally impacted the well-being of individuals on a personal, communal, and global scope. Domestic violence is characterized as generational violence where exposed children have a heightened risk of becoming the perpetrators of or being perpetrated by violence. Using the Texas Family Code and supporting scholarly documents, the adverse effects exposure to violence has on children, and the current law regarding child custody in parental separation for cases of domestic violence was investigated. Research determined that continued exposure to violence is influenced by the judicial ruling of full or partial child custody to …

Action Logic And Agenda Game Of Global Methane Emission Control And China’S Countermeasures, Bo Zhang, Jinling Guo, Bing Zhong, Junlian Gao, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Originated from the global response to climate change, methane emission control has evolved into a focus of international climate negotiations in recent years. At present, the agenda for controlling methane emission in global climate governance is basically taking shape, but in the process of shifting from scientific consensus to political consensus, the content of the topic and the focus of the game continue to evolve. To carry out global action, it is necessary to address issues such as the allocation of responsibilities, international rules, climate investment and financing, and risk prevention, as well as the basic capacity guarantees behind them. …

Architecture And Key Technologies Of New Research Informatization Infrastructure Platform Under The Fifth Research Paradigm, Fangyu Liao, Yang Wang, Rongqiang Cao, Bo Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Huajin Wang, Xin Chen, Dong Li, Yangang Wang, Xin Wei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The basic platform of research informatization is an indispensable pedestal for modern scientific research and an important manifestation of national scientific and technological innovation capability. As the research paradigm continues to evolve, the architecture and technologies of research informatization infrastructure platform are bound to evolve as well. The new research paradigm brings unique demands and challenges to the algorithmic computility, network transmission capacity, and data storage and management. Consequently, it is an urgent requirement for research informatization infrastructure platform to make technological breakthroughs in the areas of intelligent computility, large-scale data storage and high throughput read/write, cross-network software and hardware …

China’S Rare Earths Trade Flow Analysis: Trade Patterns And Strategic Insights, Linbin Tang, Peng Wang, Wei Chen, Yawen Han, Yuning Jin, Zilong Peng, Weiqiang Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rare earth elements are strategic critical metals that support low-carbon energy, aerospace, and defense technologies. Currently, China’s rare earth industry lacks competitiveness and faces the risk of “multidimensional pressures” in global competition. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically analyze the supply-demand and trade patterns of rare earths, accurately identify the bottlenecks and pain points in China’s entire rare earth industry chain, and provide strategies to transform China’s rare earth resource advantage into a strategic competitive edge. Based on customs trade data, this study traces the trade flows of various forms of rare earth products across the full industry chain in …

Five Key Issues And Governance Strategies In Integration Of China’S National Computing Power, Tao Hong, Le Cheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Computing power, as a core element of artificial intelligence, has not received sufficient research and attention compared to data and algorithms, and has become the short board of China in international artificial intelligence competition. In fact, the integrated construction of the arithmetic system is not only an inherent requirement for the development of the digital industry, but also a regular guide for the growth of the digital economy, and a core driver for the transformation of the digital society. Although it has always secured endorsement by national policy, the relevant legal norms and actual layout are still insufficient, and the …

How Should China Respond To “Pan-Data Sovereignty” Competition Among China, U.S., And Eu—An Analysis Based On The Digital Stack Model?, Yan Liu, Congjing Ran

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Data sovereignty has become deeply intertwined with various economic and social development factors such as technology, trade, economy, culture, society, and politics, leading to a “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition pattern in the digital space. Through the digital stack model, which examines digital technologies in a layered framework, we can more clearly assess the competitive capacities in“Pan-Data Sovereignty” of China, United States, and European Union. The analysis identifies a three-tiered global “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition structure among China, U.S., and EU, with each entity holding distinct advantages across various layers of the digital stack. Intense future competition is anticipated in fields such as …

Research And Reflection On Transformation Of Resource-Based Cities In China—A Case Study Of Datong City, Shanxi Province, Zhijian Xiong, Hong Zhao, Xiuli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Currently, there are 262 resource-based cities in China, of which mature and declining cities account for 79.39%. These cities have made significant contributions to the country’s economic and social development, but now they are facing severe challenges and difficulties, and their transformation problems urgently need to be solved. This work studies the mechanism of resource-based transformation and proposes strategies for the transformation of resource-based cities: (1) Transformation should be comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable; (2) Transformation should fully leverage the leading role of the market while also taking into account the fundamental role of the government; (3) Transformation should fully leverage …

Twenty Years Of International Society For Digital Earth: Review And Prospect, Huadong Guo, Zhen Liu, Changlin Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE) was inaugurated in 2004. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of its establishment, it is of great significance to review and look forward to the global development of Digital Earth. China has made active efforts and achieved remarkable results in using Digital Earth technology to address global challenges. Initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ISDE and its Chinese National Committee (CNISDE) were officially established. ISDE has been playing a crucial role in leading the global development of Digital Earth by organizing international academic conferences, publishing world-class academic publications, and fostering …

Policy Overview (November, 2024)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Develop New Quality Science-Communicative Forces To Support New Quality Productive Forces, Jiarui Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The importance of science communication has been elevated to an unprecedented height in China, as an important part of the national innovation system, and as important as scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for the development of new quality productive forces, and it is obvious that science communication plays an equally important role in promoting the development of new quality productive forces. This kind of role of science communication is named as new quality science-communication forces, which is mainly reflected in four aspects: creating an ecological environment conducive to innovation; advancing cutting-edge new …

On Relationship Between Experiment And Theory In Basic Scientific Research, Changpu Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Understanding how experiments in basic scientific research “confirm” theories is crucial for upholding the spirit of science and fostering technological innovation. Mr. Zhou Guangzhao conducted an in-depth discussion on this topic in his early work. This study further analyzes the issue from the perspective of the philosophy of science. We derive falsificationism from a Bayesian perspective, providing a philosophical understanding of the proper handling of the relationship between scientific theory and experiment. By examining the relationship between theory and experiment in physics, this study proposes a philosophy of science concept of progressive falsifiability, emphasizing that through Bayesian methods, experiments can …

Scientifically Improving Human-Nature Relationship In Desertification Areas, Bojie Fu, Yanxu Liu, Shuai Wang, Junfeng Song, Zejiang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The expansion trend of desertification in China has been fundamentally restrained. In the new era, scientifically improving the relationship between human and nature in desertification areas to promote regional sustainable development has become an important demand for desertification combat in China. We summarize four key challenges to sustainable development in desertification areas, including increasing human demand on water, increasing land use intensity, increasing climatic risk, and insufficient industrial innovation. Based on the theoretical understanding of the coupling relationship between human and nature, the evolution of human-nature relationship in combating desertification can be divided into four stages, namely, extensive land exploitation, …

Overall Promotion Of Integrated Management And Utilization Of Saline-Alkali Land In Northwest China: Conditions, Challenges, And Recommendations, Qi Feng, Xinwei Yin, Meng Zhu, Jutao Zhang, Wei Liu, Haiyang Xi, Tengfei Yu, Linshan Yang, Wen Liu, Zhixiang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production and the foundation for food security. Saline-alkali land in Northwest China is an important cultivated land reserve resource and a potential granary for guaranteeing national food security, so the high-quality promotion of comprehensive management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China is a strategic measure to achieve the goal of “storing grain in land and technology”. Based on a profound understanding of the great significance for promoting the integrated management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China, this study systematically summarizes the quantity, distribution pattern, and utilization potential of saline-alkali …

A Study On Common Characteristics And Mechanisms On Growth Of Strategic Scientists From Perspective Of Life Course Theory, Chenghua Lin, Weijia Zhang, Yanyi Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study was conducted on six renowned strategic scientists in China using the life cycle theory framework. The research explored the key competency characteristics, growth trajectories, and influencing factors in their growth process. The findings revealed that the capabilities of Chinese strategic scientists encompass four dimensions: scientific metacognition, strategic planning, team coordination, and spiritual leadership. These capabilities exhibit staged development characteristics, including phases of enlightenment, wisdom enhancement, and molding. They are influenced by a comprehensive range of factors, including the influence of others, resource conservation, and career construction. To further optimize the environment for cultivating and utilizing strategic scientists in …

Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Vol. 38 (2024) Subject Index

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

The National And Metropolitan Economy: Recent Trends And Outlook, Dustin R. White

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

What are the key indicators of economic activity both nationally and here in Omaha? This presentation will identify several of these indicators and explore what they suggest about the next few years.

Economic Data From The U.S. Census Bureau, Adam Grundy

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

This session will provide a brief overview of some of the many U.S. Census Bureau resources available to describe the economy and how to access some of these data resources.

Accessing U.S. Census Bureau Data And Insights From The Release Of The American Community Survey, Josie Gatti Schafer

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

In this timely session you will learn how to access the most recent data resources available from the U.S. Census Bureau and learn about the most recent trends in Nebraska.

Health Equity Innovation In Precision Medicine: Data Stewardship And Agency To Expand Representation In Clinicogenomics, Patrick J Silva, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Reid Powell, Junaid Husain, Scott Grossman, Adam Hansen, Jennifer Hinkel, Rafael Rosengarten, Marcia G Ory, Kenneth S Ramos

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Most forms of clinical research examine a very minute cross section of the patient journey. Much of the knowledge and evidence base driving current genomic medicine practice entails blind spots arising from underrepresentation and lack of research participation in clinicogenomic databases. The flaws are perpetuated in AI models and clinical practice guidelines that reflect the lack of diversity in data being used. Participation in clinical research and biobanks is impeded in many populations due to a variety of factors that include knowledge, trust, healthcare access, administrative barriers, and technology gaps. A recent symposium brought industry, clinical, and research participants in …

Bridging The Governance Gap: Addressing Board Turnover And Team Building In Northern California Special Districts, Karin R. Freese

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The turnover of publicly elected or appointed board members in Northern California’s special districts poses a significant challenge to effective governance, impacting these local governments' strategic capabilities and mission accomplishment. Despite extensive research on governance, there is a notable gap concerning the effects of turnover and the role of formal training in building effective governance teams in special districts. This qualitative multiple-case study addresses this gap by investigating the governance dynamics following board turnover, focusing on the perspectives of both board members and general managers. Employing a flexible design, the study integrates interviews, document analysis, and archival data to examine …

A Review Of Education Policies And Their Impact On Gang Participation For Youth, Sarah Sanders

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Youth have suffered from gang violence in schools and neighborhoods at different rates per the Concentric Zone Model and the Strain theory. Gang violence is a concern for Little Rock, Arkansas. This study will follow the Concentric Zone Model and the Strain theory for data collection and evaluate the extent of gang violence linked to education in response to Zero-Tolerance policies for the Little Rock School District (LRSD) and Pulaski County Special School District (PCSSD), showing a holistic explanation of crime. This study will review secondary data from LRSD, PCSSD, and local law enforcement agencies to cross-reference reports of concerns …

Protect Small Businesses: Addressing Security Threats And Insider Risks, Alan Saquella

Publications

Small businesses face unique security challenges that make them highly vulnerable compared to larger organizations. While large companies often have dedicated teams of cybersecurity experts, fraud examiners, investigators and the resources to implement robust security measures, small businesses typically operate with limited budgets and minimal staff, making them prime targets for a variety of internal and external threats.

Ad Hominem Arguments In Zimbabwean Political Discourse: An Analysis Of Political Argumentation, Jack Mutsvairo, Mawande Dlali

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The article investigates the motivation behind the prevalent use of the subtypes of ad hominem (personal attacks) arguments in Zimbabwe political discourse in the build-up to the 2023 harmonised council, parliamentary and presidential elections. This qualitative case study research looks at the use of ad hominem arguments by Zimbabwean politicians. Using analytical tools and concepts from informal logic and pragma-dialectical argumentation theories, this article focuses on identifying, analysing, and evaluating ad hominem arguments used in Zimbabwean political discourse, particularly in parliamentary debates and broadcast interviews. Data were purposively sampled and gathered from Hansard records, and a television interview transcript. It …

Lessons Learned: Karl-Philipp Wojick, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Karl-Philipp Wojcik is the general counsel of the European Union’s Single Resolution Board (SRB), the central resolution authority within the European Commission (EC) banking union. The banking union, which as of January 1, 2023, encompasses the 20 eurozone countries, along with Bulgaria, was established as part of the financial system reforms stemming from the Global Financial Crisis and the ensuing European sovereign debt crisis. The SRB’s stated mission is to ensure orderly resolution of failing banks, protect taxpayers from state bailouts, and promote financial stability. Wojcik became SRB general counsel in November 2020. Previously, he was a member of the …