Developmental Psychology Commons^™

Memory Self-Efficacy In Its Social Cognitive Context, Jane M. Berry

Psychology Faculty Publications

This chapter takes a primarily cognitive construct - memory self-efficacy (MSE) - and returns it to its roots - social cognition (Bandura, 1986). This is a natural and obvious move. MSE has evolved since the mid-1980s (Berry, West, & Powlishta, 1986; Hertzog, Dixon, Schulenberg, & Hultsch, 1987) to its present identity and status in the cognitive aging and adult developmental research literature. If it is to avoid becoming a hypothesis in search of data (Light, 1991) or worse, an epiphenomenon to more robust explanations of cognitive aging (e.g., speed) (Salthouse, 1993), its potential and limits must be scrutinized and subjected …

The Development Of The Meanings Of Think And Know Through Conversation, Lea Kessler Shaw

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

An apparent discrepancy in the literature on mental verbs between findings of experimental studies (young children fail to contrast terms) and observational studies (children use terms correctly in conversation) can be reconciled using Nelson and Lucariello's (1985) theory of word meaning development. According to their analysis, three aspects of word meaning develop in order: reference, denotation, and sense. For success at experimental tasks, children must have attained a system of interrelated word meanings (sense). However, children's initial uses of think and know take their meanings from the roles in the language games in which they occur (Wittgenstein, 1953).

In this …

Object Relations And Identity Disturbances In Bulimic Women, Kathy Appledorn

Dissertations

Problem. Although diagnostic criteria of bulimia center on weight- and food-related issues, eating disorders may be viewed as a response to deficits in self-regulatory functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of bulimia, object relations, and identity. This study tested the hypotheses that women with a more severe eating pathology have high scores on object-relations disturbance as well as identity disturbance. It was postulated that women who have been assessed as having a more cohesive ego might respond to cognitive behavioral therapy while those who are assessed as having less intact ego …

Relationships Among Attributional Style, Behavioral Problems, And Gender In Learning Disabled Vs. Non-Learning Disabled Adolescents, Janet Cervalli

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Using Responsive Evaluation To Evaluate A Professional Conference, Amy N. Spiegel, Roger H. Bruning, Lisa Giddings

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

In a statewide conference on alternative methods for assessing students’ learning, we incorporated responsive evaluation methods into the structure of the conference. The application of these interactive evaluation techniques serves as a pilot study that illustrates the possible utility of these tech-niques in evaluating conferences. This paper provides a brief review of the literature surrounding responsive evaluation, a description of the responsive evaluation methods applied to this conference, and a discussion of the results and implications of this pilot study.

Using Teacher Reflective Practice To Evaluate Professional Development In Mathematics And Science, Vicki L. Wise, Amy N. Spiegel, Roger H. Bruning

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Systemic reform has been a key element of the mathematics and science educational agenda for the past decade. Systemic reform proponents advocate emphasizing mathemat-ics and science from kindergarten through l2th grade; adopting new math and science ed-ucation standards; providing ongoing professional development for teachers (Frechtling, Sharp, Carey, & Vaden-Kiernan, 1995); and aligning policy, practice, and assessment pro-cedures. The National Science Foundation (NSF) has supported the development of sys-temic reform by funding statewide, urban, and rural systemic initiatives to improve K–12 mathematics and science education throughout the United States (Fitzsimmons & Kerpel-man, 1994).

Expectations Of Performance And Gender Differences In Visual And Spatial Abilities, Brigit A. Shanholtzer

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

There is a significant body of evidence suggesting that males have better spatial abilities than females Most research has focused on genetic explanations for these differences in abilities This study asked whether social factors or expectations play a role in producing the observed differences. A spatial perceptual test (from the Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests) consisting of four subtests, The Card Rotations test, Cube Comparisons test, Paper Folding test, and Surface Development test, was given to I 07 participants ( 48 females and 59 males). These tests are designed to measure visual and spatial abilities. The participants were divided into …

Annual 1999 Academic Affairs Forum: Access To A Quality Education, Ellen N. Junn

Office of the Provost Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Emotional Dysregulation In Children With Aids-Diagnosed Mothers: A Comparative Study, Kathleen O'Brien-Sheber

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Trends. Developmental Psychology And The Uses Of History: Does The Past Affect The Present And The Future?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how the psychological past significantly affects the psychological present and future.

Elements Affecting Disclosure Of Abusive Dating Relationships: Attachment Style Sex Of Research Participant And Importance Of Disclosure Target, Michael Alexander Keefer

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the influence of attachment style, sex of research participant, and relationship importance of disclosure target on the self-disclosure of abuse in dating relationships using a hypothetical dating aggression scenario. The two dependent variables were willingness to disclose and perceived helpfulness of self-disclosure. Research participants were classified according to Bartholomew's model of adult attachment (i.e., secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or fearful). Attachment style of research participants significantly affected perceived helpfulness of self-disclosure. Fearful participants perceived the most helpfulness from disclosure and were the most willing to self-disclose. Sex of research participant did not have a significant effect on willingness …

Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971, K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978, D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of …

Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Peer Evaluation: Design And Implementation Of The Peer Evaluation Format, Christopher F. Nichols

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The following study examined the feasibility of using peer evaluation at a behavioral health center for assessing employee attitudes regarding the company’s appraisal process. A total of 30 subjects, both male and female, were chosen from a single department to pilot the peer evaluation. Subjects were surveyed in order to assess attitudes toward the process prior to participation. An outside corporation was chosen to assist in the selection of peer evaluation questions as well as compiling final ratings of each participant. A post peer evaluation survey assessed attitudes upon completion of the peer evaluation. Responses were averaged and percentages analyzed …

Measuring Resiliency In Adolescence: The Press Scale Of Resiliency, Robert Gerald Lachausse

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Coping Styles Of Parents With Visually Impaired Children Compared To Parents With Fully Sighted Children, Lisa Tackett

Theses

The purpose of this research study was to determine if the coping styles of parents with visually impaired children are different from the coping styles of parents with fully sighted children. These results indicated that there is no difference on coping styles with the parents with the visually impaired children and the parents with the fully sighted children.

The Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Upon Adult Male Attachment/Separation, Conflict Resolution And Psychospiritual Well-Being, Amber Thani Samaroo

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Relationship Between Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, Emotional Well-Being And Depression Among Lakota/Dakota Sioux Adolescents, Susan M. Pittenger

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Despite conceptual support linking ethnic identity and psychological adjustment among Native Americans, empirical research examining this relationship remains limited. In light of recent developments in the area of ethnic identity research, including alternative conceptual models, improved methodologies, and more sophisticated measures, this study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, emotional well-being, and depression among Native American reservation youth.

The relationship between the predictor variables of American Indian ethnic identity, White-American identity and bicultural identity, and the criterion measures of self-esteem, emotional well-being, and depression were examined for 137 Lakota/Dakota Sioux reservation youth. Participants completed surveys including the Multigroup Ethnic …

Predictability Of Everyday Task Performance By Perceived Health, Self-Efficacy And Cognitive Ability, Joan Klinger

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This exploratory research investigated the relationship between a brief neuropsychological measure and everyday functional ability in older community dwelling adults. The association between these two areas is complex, as a specific functional domain often involves several of the cognitive skills typically assessed by a neuropsychological instrument. Whilst there is an extensive literature linking neuropyschological tests to everyday functioning in cognitively impaired older adults, little research has been directed at investigating the relationship between cognitive test performance and everyday competence in non-dementing older people who reside independently in the community. A brief cognitive instrument able to predict coping deficits in instrumental …

The Relationship Of Attributional Style, Self-Concept, And Family Functioning To Depression In Children And Adolescents With Learning Disabilities, Charles S. Buchbauer

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Language Proficiency And Stress: Impact On Measured Intelligence And Anxiety For Latino Children, Marlene Baldizon De Naclerio

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Negotiation And Reorganization Of Peer Relationships During Adolescence: The Emergence Of Romantic Relationships And Quality Of Peer Relationships, Melanie Jo Zimmer-Gembeck

Dissertations and Theses

Research suggests that, for adolescent females, the initiation of romantic relationships is a normative developmental task and a task associated with potential difficulties, including physical aggression. Most previous research treats progress in this task as a function of individual characteristics. This study assumes that when girls are negotiating romantic relationships, they have existing intimate friendships with other females, and these friendships are important to how this task is negotiated.

Females who recently graduated from high school provided retrospective and current information on the amount of leisure time spent with members of their social networks, qualities of relationships in later adolescence, …

Relational And Overt Aggression In Preschool, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, Monique Mosher

Psychology Faculty Publications

This research was designed as an initial attempt to assess relational aggression in preschool-age children. Our goal was to develop reliable measures of relational aggression for young children and to use these instruments to address several important issues (e.g., the relation between this form of aggression and social–psychological adjustment). Results provide evidence that relationally aggressive behaviors appear in children's behavioral repertoires at relatively young ages, and that these behaviors can be reliably distinguished from overtly aggressive behaviors in preschool-age children. Further, findings indicate that preschool girls are significantly more relationally aggressive and less overtly aggressive than preschool boys. Finally, results …

Emotional And Sexual Dating Infidelity As A Function Of Gender Relationship Quality And Parental Influence, Melinda Jeanene Swager

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study addressed dating infidelity attitudes and behaviors among college students involved in romantic relationships. Both emotional and sexual components of infidelity were analyzed. A gender difference emerged, with men being more accepting of dating infidelity and engaging in dating infidelity more often than women. Among both genders, however, attitudes were positively associated with behaviors. It was hypothesized that the following variables would predict dating infidelity: relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, family structure, interparental conflict, parent-child relationship quality, and a young adult's knowledge of his or her parent's infidelity. Attitudes were found to predict behaviors. Relationship satisfaction and commitment were also …

A Comparison Of Coping Styles And Body Image Of Abused And Non-Abused Women, Laura Elizabeth Brown

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study compared body image, patterns of coping, and the relationship between these factors in subjects with and without a reported background of childhood incest. Self-report measures of personal experience (Relevant Variable Questionnaire and the Assessment of Coping Interview), body image (the Human Figure Drawing Test (HFDT) and the Body Image Assessment (BIA)), and coping (the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM) Coping Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)) were administered individually to twenty-two women with reported incest histories and an equal number of women with no reported history of sexual or physical abuse. Significant …

A Model Of Paternal Involvement In Child Care And Household Labor, Jennifer Fancher Bonney

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The current study was designed to test a model predicting fathers' involvement in child care and household labor. Participants were 120 couples of 1-to-4 year old children. The participants were recruited from 12 local daycares. Mothers and fathers independently completed a measure assessing participation in child care and household labor; the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Schumm et al., 1986); the Male Role. Norms Inventory (Levant et al., 1992); a measure assessing beliefs about the parental role (Bonney & Kelley, 1996); and a demographic questionnaire. The LISREL approach to data analysis was employed. The findings indicate that the following constructs work …

African-American Fathers: Their Role In Children's Social And Cognitive Development, Tammy Sue Smith

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Low-income, African-American fathers were examined regarding their involvement, job satisfaction, sensitivity, parenting attitudes, and gender role attitudes in relation to their children's social and cognitive development. Fathers completed the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Weiss, Dawis, England, & Lofquist, 1969); the Parental Attitudes Toward Childrearing Questionnaire (Easterbrooks & Goldberg, 1984); the Parent Attitude Research Scale (Bartz & Levine, 1978); and the Bern Inventory (Bern, 1974). Sensitivity was measured by videotaping fathers and children in a free play session. Videotaped interactions were scored according to the CARE-Index procedure (Crittenden, 1988). The children were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) or …

Predictors Of Social Physique Anxiety In Elite Female Youth Athletes, Jeffrey J. Martin, Hermann J. Engels, John C. Wirth, Kari L. Smith

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of social physique anxiety (SPA). SPA, self-esteem, body-esteem, public body consciousness (PBC) and percent body fat (%BF) were assessed with elite female youth athletes (N = 68) competing in either figure skating, soccer or gymnastics. Stepwise multiple regression analyses, controlling for BF%, accounted for 59% of the variance in SPA. Self-esteem entered first, and BF%, followed by body-esteem and PBC. The psychological variables accounted for 57% of the variance with self-esteem contributing the most (R square change = 45%). Contrary to previous research, BF% did not significantly contribute to SPA. …

Beliefs And The True Believer, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the psychological constructs of the True Believer.

A Study Of Self-Esteem Comparing Special Education With Regular Education Students During The Middle School Years, Debra A. Davis

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in levels of self-esteem between special education students and a control group of normal students. One hundred sixty-two fifth- through eighth-grade students from Doddridge County Middle School, West Union, West Virginia, were assessed by teachers using the Self-Esteem Index. The students were initially divided into two groups according to their placement in the regular or the special education programs. There was a total of 81 students in each of the groups. The configuration of each group was as follows: 24 learning-disability students, 14 behavior-disorder students, 16 gifted students, nine speech/language-disorder students, …