Developmental Psychology Commons^™

Who Are We Missing? The Impact Of Requiring Parental Or Guardian Consent On Research With Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Two-Spirit, Queer/Questioning Youth., Eli Cwinn, Courtney Cadieux, Claire V Crooks

Education Publications

PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine whether a requirement for parental or guardian consent systematically limits which lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, two-spirit, queer/questioning (LGBT2Q+) youth participate in research.

METHODS: A total of 60 LGBT2Q+ youth (aged 14-18 years) completed measures assessing gender and sexual minority identity, depression and anxiety, help-seeking intentions, and social support.

RESULTS: A substantial proportion (37.6%) of youth reported that they would not have participated in the research if parental or guardian consent was required. Those who would not have participated had more negative attitudes about their sexual and gender identity, less family support, lower levels of …

The Identity Capital Model: A Handbook Of Theory, Methods, And Findings, James Côté

Sociology Publications

No abstract provided.

The Nature And Origins Of Attachment In Infancy And Early Childhood: Constructing Life’S Foundations, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

No abstract provided.

Understanding Developmental Processes Underlying Mother-Child Conversations About Emotions, Celia Hsiao, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

No abstract provided.

Examining Associations Between Mothers' Early Adversity, Depression And Maternal Sensitivity, Rossana Bisceglia, Greg Moran, Jennifer Jenkins

Psychology Presentations

This study tested two models for the indirect influence of mothers’ early adversity on maternal sensitivity:

Model A:

• Mothers’ appraisal of infant temperament was hypothesized to mediate the influence of mothers’ early adversity and depression on maternal sensitivity
• There would be no direct influence of maternal depression

Model B:

• Mothers’ depression was hypothesized to have a direct influence on maternal sensitivity
• Mothers’ perception of infant temperament would not mediate the influence of maternal depression on maternal sensitivity

The Continuity Of Attachment Development From Infancy To Toddlerhood: The Birth Of A Sibling, Ya F. Xue, Kathleen A. O'Connor, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

This study investigates the impact of the arrival of a new infant on firstborn attachment. The patterns of attachment continuity and discontinuity are compared between children who transitioned to siblinghood for the first time and children who did not experience this transition.

Exploring The Development Of Adolescent Mother-Infant Attachment Relationships: The Contribution Of Ecological Factors, Tara Morley, Heidi Bailey, David Pederson, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

The current study set out to identify specific factors associated with adolescent motherhood that may reduce sensitivity and subsequently contribute to the development of non-secure mother-infant attachment relationships.

The Puzzle Of Sibling Attachment Non-Concordance: Implications Of Categorical Versus Continuous Approaches To Attachment, Kathleen A. O'Connor, Ya F. Xue, David R. Pederson, Sandi Bento, Heidi N. Bailey, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY:

• To determine whether characterizing the quality of attachment as a continuous measure impacts the extent to which siblings’ attachment relationships are judged concordant.
• To investigate whether continuous measures of attachment provide additional information regarding the similarity of more specific aspects of siblings attachment relationships.

From Infant Attachment Security To Mother-Child Emotion Dialogues: Understanding Emotion Communication In The Early Years, Celia Hsiao, Greg Moran, Nina Koren-Karie

Psychology Presentations

Researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding the developmental trajectory of attachment security from the preverbal infancy period to later verbal stages. One approach that has received much theoretical and empirical support is to examine the capacity of children and their mothers to work together in co-constructing narratives around personal and emotional events(Bretherton, 1990; Oppenheim, Koren-Karie & Sagi-Schwartz, 2007). It has been suggested (Oppenheim & Koren-Karie, 2009) that open communication between a secure dyad during infancy, involving primarily non-verbal signals, provides the basis for an open and fluid communication style in the preschool years. The secure child feels confident in …

Maternal State Of Mind: How Does It Impact The Ability To Flexibly Adjust To Siblings' Needs?, Kathleen Anne O'Connor, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson, Sandi Bento

Psychology Presentations

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of maternal state of mind on the ability to adapt interactive behavior and perceptions of attachment behaviour across siblings.

RESULTS: Maternal sensitivity and perceptions of siblings’ attachment behavior were highly correlated across children of non-Autonomous mothers, but not Autonomous mothers. Non- Autonomous mothers behaved similarly on eight domains of interactive behaviour, while Autonomous mothers behaved similarly on only two.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that maternal state of mind is implicated in the ability to flexibly adapt interactive style and relationship-specific attachment perceptions across siblings.

The Continuity Of Attachment Development From Infancy To Toddlerhood: The Role Of Maternal Sensitivity, Ya F. Xue, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson, Sandi Bento

Psychology Presentations

The patterns of attachment between infants and mothers have far-reaching consequences for infants’ development; infants with secure attachments fare better socially and emotionally than those with non-secure attachments (Deklyen & Greenberg,2008).

Theory suggests that differences in attachment quality result from differences in mother-child interactions: secure attachment results from a history of sensitive interactions and non-secure attachment from insensitive interaction.

Since the attachment security is held to be a product of the quality of interactions; a change in the quality of interactions should theoretically lead to a change in attachment quality. Thus, a child in a secure relationship later encountering insensitive …

The Development Of Disorganized Attachment In Infants Of Adult And Adolescent Mothers, Tara Morley, Greg Moran, David Pederson, Sandi Bento, Heidi Bailey

Psychology Presentations

Attachment theory proposes that maternal sensitivity is the main developmental determinant of Organized attachment relationships (Ainsworth Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978; DeWolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997); In contrast, Disorganized attachment relationships are held to be the product of frightened, frightening or atypical maternal behaviour (Lyons-Ruth, Bronfman, & Parson, 1999; Main & Hesse, 1990).

However, recent research has identified associations between low levels of maternal sensitivity and Disorganized attachment in high-risk populations (Bernier & Meins, 2008; Moran, Forbes, Evans, Tarabulsy, & Madigan, 2008; van IJzendoorn, Scheungel & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 1999); This raises the possibility that maternal sensitivity may contribute to the development …

Beyond Sensitivity: Patterns Of Maternal Interaction In Secure Vs. Non-Secure Attachment Relationships, Tara Morley, Ya Xue, Kathleen O'Connor, Greg Moran, David Pederson, Sandi Bento

Psychology Presentations

Attachment theory proposes that the sensitivity of a mother’s interactions with her child is the main developmental determinant of the quality of their attachment relationship (Ainsworth et al., 1978; De Wolff & van Ijzendoorn, 1997).

Empirical findings have generally supported this assertion; however, the strength of this association remains a matter of debate as the results of empirical findings have been highly variable (Atkinson et al., 2000; DeWolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997).

Several researchers have suggested that assessing maternal behaviour as a single global dimension may fail to capture important variation in the quality of interactions that influence the developing …

Exploring The Development Of Attachment In Infants Of Adult And Adolescent Mothers, Tara Morley, Greg Moran, David Pederson, Heidi Bailey

Psychology Presentations

While many studies have looked at the development of attachment relationships for adult and adolescent mothers separately, few studies have directly compared these two groups in a single study

The current study further explored the origins of attachment relationships for adolescent mothers and their infants by directly comparing the development of these processes with adult mothers and their infants

The hypothesis that differences in the distributions of attachment classifications among these two populations is a result of low levels of sensitivity has yet to be tested in a mediational analysis

The current study will test a model whereby differences in …

Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (Mbqs) – Overview, Available Materials And Support, Greg Moran, David Pederson, Sandi Bento

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Mini-Mbqs-V Revised Mini-Mbqs 25 Item For Video Coding, Greg Moran

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Mini-Mbqs (25 Items), Greg Moran

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of A Mother’S Attachment Representation On The Quality Of Her Interactions With Each Of Her Children, Vanessa Villani, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

This study evaluated whether certain maternal states of mind, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), would lead to more similarities/differences in maternal behaviors across multiple infants, as defined by the domains of the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort. Results indicated that “unresolved” maternal states of mind incline mothers to behave more similarly with their two infants than mothers with non-autonomous or autonomous states of mind in terms of responsiveness and affect sharing behaviors.

Sibling Mother-Infant Attachment: Different Patterns Of Interaction Lead To Similar Relationships, Kathleen O’Connor, Ya Xue, Tara Morley, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson, Sandi Bento, Heidi N. Bailey

Psychology Presentations

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of maternal sensitivity and interactive behavior in sibling attachment non-/concordance. RESULTS:1) Global measures of sensitivity suggest that mothers of concordant-secure and non-concordant infants demonstrate a similar degree of sensitivity towards each child. 2) Mothers with non-concordant infants interact more similarly with each child on domains of maternal sensitivity, compared to mothers whose infants are concordant.

CONCLUSION: The quality of the attachment relationship in families with non-concordant mother-infant relationships –in contrast to families with concordant dyads –does not appear to be systematically affected by maternal sensitivity as typically assessed. More detailed assessment of the interactions suggest …

Associations Between Caregivers' Global And Specific Attachment Representations And The Infant-Caregiver Attachment Relationship, Erinn Hawkins, Sheri Madigan, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

The primary objectives of the current study were: (1)to determine the extent to which caregivers’ conceptualizations of their own attachment history (global attachment representations are congruent with the way in which they conceptualize their relationships with a specific child (relationship-specific attachment representations); and (2)to evaluate whether these relationship-specific representations play a mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Prenatal assessments of caregivers’ global attachment representations, as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and relationship-specific attachment representations, as measured by the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI), were obtained in a sample of 196 mother-infant dyads. Infant-caregiver attachment …

Antecedents Of Attachment Disorganization Across The First Year: Interactions Among Child And Parent Variables, Lindsey M. Forbes, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

Disorganized attachmentis seen as reflecting an infant’s lack of strategyfor coping with the stress of the Strange Situation procedure (SSP; Ainsworth et al., 1978)

The identification of disorganized attachment by Main and Solomon (1986) generated a large body of research into its antecedents and consequences.

Despite these advances, however, 1)few studies have employed a prospective longitudinal designto clarify antecedents of disorganization, and 2)most research has focused on predicting disorganization from single risk factors, rarely investigating possible interactions among child and parent or environmental variables.

The current study investigated the development of disorganized attachment across the first year from a prospective …

Training Institute For The Adult Attachment Interview, Greg Moran

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

The Relation Of Fr Behaviour To Aai Scales, Elspeth M. Evans, Sandi Bento, David R. Pederson, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

Attachment theory describes the bonds between caregivers and children that serve a protective function for children.

The FR theory developed by Main and Hesse (1990) proposes that unmonitored parental behaviour, or frightened, frightening and dissociative (FR) behaviour, stemming from a history of Unresolved/disoriented (U/d) trauma, disorganizes the attachment relationship.

The parent is a source of fear and is thus unavailable as a source of safety and protection.

Behavioural And Affective Precursors To Disorganized Attachment In The Still-Face Procedure At 4-Months, Lindsey M. Forbes, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

We explored whether disorganization in the SSP at 13-months could be predicted from infant affect and behaviour in the SFP at 4- months.

We hypothesized that infants in disorganized relationships would have the most difficulty regulating their affect and behaviour in the SFP.

Infants in disorganized relationships were expected to display greater negativity (e.g., crying, negative vocalizations, stress indicators such as spitting up) throughout the SFP, compared to those in organized relationships.

Both Maternal Sensitivity And Atypical Maternal Behavior Independently Predict Attachment Security And Disorganization In Adolescent Mother–Infant Dyads, Greg Moran, Lindsey M. Forbes, Elspeth Evans, George M. Tarabulsy, Sheri Madigan

Psychology Presentations

On the basis of these findings, at odds with current models of the origins of secure vs disorganized attachment, the current study examined the association between distinct qualities of maternal interaction and attachment in a single study.

The participants in the current study were adolescent mothers and their infants, a population that has been shown to be at substantial developmental risk and to exhibit a range of markedly atypical interactions with their infants (Jaffee, Caspi, Moffitt, Belsky, and Silva, 2001).

Disorganized Attachment In Adolescent Mother-Infant Dyads: Its Nature, Origins, And Developmental Consequences, Greg Moran, David Pederson

Psychology Presentations

No abstract provided.

Assessing Maternal Sensitivity From Videotaped Recordings: Validity And Practical Applications, Elspeth M. Evans, Greg Moran, Sandi Bento, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

This study examined the use of short, videotaped, mother-infant laboratory interactions instead of longer home visits to assess maternal sensitivity. Scores generated when toddlers were 24-months were found to be correlated with assessments of maternal sensitivity and attachment security from previous home visits The results suggest that coding from appropriate samples of recorded interactions may provide valid assessments of maternal sensitivity and attachment security but a number of important caveats must still be resolved.

Disorganized Attachment And Mother-Toddler Interactive Behavior In A Problem-Solving Task, Lindsey M. Forbes, Carey Anne De Oliveira, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

PURPOSE: To examine emotional and behavioral regulation and Disorganized attachment at 24-months in a high-risk sample of adolescent mother-toddler dyads.

RESULTS: Disorganization was associated with 1)increased toddler negativity and a lower quality of experience and 2)decreased levels of maternal support and assistance during the problem-solving tasks.

CONCLUSION: These findings offer converging support for the suggestion that Disorganized dyads experience marked difficulties in emotional and behavioral regulation.

Can A Measure Of Disrupted Caregiver Behavior Discriminate Infant Disorganized Attachment From Insecure-Organized Attachment?, Sheri Madigan, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

Purpose: To examine if a measure of disrupted caregiver behavior is equally effective in differentiating children with disorganized attachment from children with secure and insecure-organized attachment.

Method: One hundred and eighty-four low-risk mother-infant dyads participated in this study. Mother-infant attachment relationships were assessed using the Strange Situation procedure and disrupted caregiver behavior was assessed at 12 and 18 months using the AMBIANCE measure.

Results: Disrupted caregiver behavior distinguished children with disorganized attachment from children with secure attachment but not from children with resistant attachment.

Exploring Expressions Of Disorganization In The Strange Situation In A High-Risk Sample, Lindsey M. Forbes, Amy Cox, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

No abstract provided.