Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Private Sector Development In Ethiopia, Solomon Deneke

International Conference on African Development Archives

Ethiopia is known for its longstanding freedom and civilization that go as back as over three thousand years. Unfortunately the country is now known as backward, least developed and one of the poorest of the poor. This historic plight has its own background and long process that this paper does not intend to get into. The major objective of this paper is to assess private sector that plays a paramount role in the Ethiopian economy.

The Macroeconomics Of Foreign Aid To Ethiopia: Internal Balance And Fiscal Response-An Alternate Framework, Getnet Alemu

International Conference on African Development Archives

Foreign aid recipient fiscal response in developing countries is studied using utility/welfare maximization principle. The underlying assumption of this function (utility/welfare can be maximized by narrowing the deviations of the actual values from their desired values subject to the constraints of finance) doesn’t capture the interplay between project aid inflows and the adjustment process of the government budget. This paper proposes an alternative framework in conceptualizing the recipients fiscal response. This was possible due to the special feature of this paper that aid is disassociated from foreign capital inflow and also identified by its usage which is not the case …

Participation Of Ethiopian Women In Education And Development, Sewnet Mamo Mengesha

International Conference on African Development Archives

The population of Ethiopia, which is about 55 million, is the second largest in Africa. According to the current growth rate it is projected to be doubled over the next 20 years. UN’s human development index states that Ethiopia is one of the lowest four countries in terms of social development. After the end of a long civil war in 1991, it is in the process of social and economical transformation.

Ethiopia is not only at a lowest stage of social development but also it is one of educationally disadvantaged countries in the world. Most of the school aged children …

Hiv/Aids In Ethiopia: The Epidemic And Social, Economic, And Demographic Impacts, Helmut Kloos

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper reviews the epidemiology, driving forces and impacts of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ethiopia and evaluates prospects for prevention and control. After the rapid spread of HIV infection in the 1980s and 1990s primarily by commercial sex workers, truck drivers and soldiers along major transportation routes, children, adolescents and the general population are increasingly infected. There is also evidence that infection rates are rapidly increasing in rural populations. But surveillance activities remain underdeveloped rendering the fragmentary data on the prevalence, incidence and impact of HIV/AIDS highly speculative and hindering the planning and implementation of prevention and control programs. Available …

Promoting Child Protection Through Community Resources: Care Arrangements For Ethiopian Aids Orphans, Steven L. Varnis

International Conference on African Development Archives

One of the key development challenges posed by AIDS in Ethiopia is providing care for the vastly increased number of orphans resulting from the pandemic. The organizational initiatives and policy responses will have an impact on a wide range of developmental indicators, as well as on the formative experiences of millions of Ethiopian children in the years to come. This paper explores the strategies and basic assumptions of community based care—which has become the orthodox approach to orphan care in Africa. Two limitations of this approach are discussed. First, it is often based on an outdated understanding and assessment of …

Looking At African Value System Through Cultural Dimensions: How Do African Countries Culturally Differ Among Themselves And From The United States?, Habte G. Woldu

International Conference on African Development Archives

The study through a variety of cultural dimensions, measures the cultural differences and similarities of four different African countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa. The national cultures of the four African countries are analyzed through a methodology for systematically assessing cultural differences. The African countries are compared with that of the United States of America. The output of the study clearly shows that there are cultural differences among the African countries as well as between the African countries and the United States. African respondents demonstrated significantly higher cultural traits in collective & hieratical relations, being/feeling & risk avoidance related …

The Conflict Of Ethnic Identity And The Language Of Education Policy In Contemporary Ethiopia, Teshome G. Wagaw

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper examines the current language policy of Ethiopia, especially its significance for the educational systems of that country. The policy in its present form was proclaimed in 1991 after the present government drove out the former Marxist-Leninist military junta, which had ruled the country for the preceding twenty years2. The language policy, along with other human rights and ethnic-related policies, was incorporated into the new constitution that took effect in 1996. Among other things, the policy provides for Ethiopia’s more than 90 language groups to develop and use their respective languages in the courts, in governmental and other political …

Determinants Of Farmer Perceptions Of The Severity And Yield Impact Of Soil Erosion: Evidence From Northern Ethiopia, Berhanu Gebremedhin, Scott Swinton

International Conference on African Development Archives

Farmers must perceive soil erosion as a problem before they will invest in preventing it. However, perceptions are often overlooked in the conservation literature. This study analyzes the levels and determinants of farmer perceptions of soil erosion in northern Ethiopia. Results are based on a survey of 250 farmers managing 900 fields during the 1995-96 cropping season. Farmer perceptions of the severity and productivity impact of soil erosion were measured at plot level as ordinal variables. Ordered probit and ordinary probit statistical regressions were used to analyze the levels and determinants of farmer perceptions.

Farmers were more likely both to …

Decision Making On Manure Use And Fallowing As Soil Fertility Maintenance Techniques In The Northern Highlands Of Ethiopia: The Case Of Ankober District, Senait Regassa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Degradation of the highly scarce agricultural resource, land, has been one of the notorious problems in Ethiopia. One form of degradation of land resource is soil nutrient depletion. Manure application as a source of major plant nutrients contributes to managing land resources towards sustainability through the improvement of physico-chemical properties of the soil. Fallowing too, allows for natural regeneration of the soil. However, decisions on how to manage the land are ultimately made by farmers and their decision-making process is influenced by several factors. This paper attempts to examine the effects of some important farm, family and institutional variables on …

Technological Innovation, Adoption And The Management Of Vertisol Resources In The Highland Ethiopia, Gezahegn Ayele

International Conference on African Development Archives

No abstract provided.

Emerging Informal Land Markets: A Quest For Equitable And Efficient Land Tenure Systems, Tesfaye Teklu

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper is motivated by the need for an informed analytical discussion on land issues and policy options. “There is a danger that if a process of learning and policy dialogue on land tenure issues is not started soon, Ethiopia, like a number of other African countries, will adopt ‘ready made’ land tenure reforms that are based on ideological considerations and misconceptions about current problems” (Bruce, Hoben and Rahmato, 1994). This paper shares this view (or, warning) and follows it as a guiding principle.

Differential Adoption Of Technologies And Its Implications For Policy Choice Between Equity And Growth, Beyene Tadesse

International Conference on African Development Archives

Government policies often attempt to create simultaneous impact on economic efficiency and equity. The Ethiopian government optimistically has targeted to simultaneously achieve at improvement in agricultural efficiency (growth) and equitable distribution of the benefits by all farmers in the whole part of the country. However, many scholars most often argue that growth and equity are inversely related in most development processes. Thus, the main objective of the paper was to evaluate the interhousehold and interregional technology adoption pattern (implies both growth and equity). The conceptual relationship of growth and equity, and experiences in adoption studies were first assessed. Then three …

Papers Of International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, August 16-18, 2001, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Introductory remarks of the First International Conference on Contemporary Development Issues in Ethiopia held in Kalamazoo, Michigan August 16-18, 2001.

The Eprdf And The Crisis Of The Ethiopian State, Aregawi Berhe

International Conference on African Development Archives

Present day Ethiopia constitutes a multi-ethnic society where ethnic politics and ethnic mobilization had been the path to power and the pillars to maintain it, perceptibly since the Era of Princes (1769-1855). During that period, Ethiopia was parcelled or ‘decentralized’ in disorderly fashion among local princes, who drew support from their ethnic or sub-ethnic base. To this day, ethnic grounds have been the power base of Ethiopian political elites under various banners and forms.

Ethiopia is now facing yet another experimental policy under the autocratic regime of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) whose core element is the Tigray …

“Today's Children, Tomorrow's Leaders”: Are We Neglecting The Agents Of Change?, Assegedetch Hailemariam

International Conference on African Development Archives

There is an abundant body of knowledge that suggests that early experience influences later human behavior. This paper reviews and analyzes existing literature to demonstrate that human development, at the individual level, has far reaching consequences on social, economic and political development of a people. For instance, education, one measure of human development, has been inaccessible to more than 50% of school age children in Ethiopia. To effect fundamental changes in Ethiopia, attention and resources must be dedicated to children’s well being and potential. In addition, the paper discusses early psychological processes in human development in contrast to the current …

Impact Of Government Policies On The Development Of Ict In Ethiopia, Dawit Bekele

International Conference on African Development Archives

During the last decades Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the lives of a vast portion of the world’s population. Beyond any doubt, the impact of ICT on the human civilization will continue to be very important for decades to come.

The Effects Of Food Aid And Household Composition On Child Farm Labor Supply In Rural Ethiopia, Takashi Yamano

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper determines the effects of household demographic composition and food aid on child farm labor supply controlling for household fixed effects. The results indicate that a child has a higher probability of working on farm if he or she is living with younger children, suggesting that older children are reducing resource constraints. The results on food aid indicate that receiving free distribution has relatively larger positive effects on the probability of girls working on farm than boys, while participating in food for work has relatively larger negative effects.

Health And Education Issues In Ethiopia, Meskerem Shiferaw

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper is written for use in the International Conference on Contemporary Development Issues in Ethiopia that will be held, at Western Michigan University, from August 16-18, 2001. It is written for participants of the conference who are interested to know about the current situation of health and education sectors in Ethiopia, in the overall framework of the country's economy. In the paper, the earlier and existing policies and their impact on the development of the sectors is touched up on.

Financing Small Famer Development In Ethiopia, Haileleul Getahun

International Conference on African Development Archives

Agriculture in Ethiopia is the most important sector, as measured by its contribution to total output, employment, and export earnings. Small –scale peasant farming is the most predominant mode of cultivation, and it is the peasant farmer who has suffered the most from the lack of capital, lack of technology and deterioration of the soil. Although agriculture remains the backbone of the Ethiopian economy, production has been declining since the 1960s while the rate of population growth has been steadily rising. Thus Ethiopia, which could once feed itself, has been importing food on a large scale. The fall in agricultural …

Causes Of Seasonal Food Insecurity In Oromiya Zone Of Amhara Region: Farmers' View, Degefa Tolossa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Ethiopia is currently facing challenging problems, ranging from those induced by environmental crises to those caused by demographic and socio-economic constraints which adversely affect peoples` production system. The country is generally characterized by extreme poverty, continued and high population growth rate, severe environmental degradation and recurrent drought (Getachew 1995; Markos,1997, NOVIB, 1999). Resulting from these, the performance of agriculture, the sector that makes livelihood for 85% of the country’s population, has been poor over the last few decades, to the extent that the country could not adequately feed its population from domestic production. This has been manifested in the prevailing …

1st Annual International Conference On Contemporary Development Issues In Ethiopia, Western Michigan University

International Conference on African Development Archives

No abstract provided.

Identifying And Responding To Skills Shortages, David L. Passmore

International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA) Conference

Skills shortages limit economic growth. Tight labor markets in the United States have highlighted for policy–makers the problems that skills shortages create for the economy. Yet, it is difficult to document and respond to skills shortages. No single, direct measure identifies a skills shortage. Identification requires multiple economic indicators. When skills shortages are identified, prescription of responses to alleviate shortages is equally problematic. Selection of investment in training as one response requires that other factors affecting labor supply and price must be ruled out as contributing causes of shortages.

Mining Labour Market Information For Use In Developing An It Manpower Predictive Model, Gar-Yun Garry Suen

International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA) Conference

To improve the information content of the data and to empower knowledge workers of today and tomorrow, the latest “hot” technologies that have emerged on the client/server arena are focused on filtering unnecessary data and presenting the valuable information in a user-friendly, intuitive, and easy to understand way. One of these technologies is data mining. This paper will highlight the significant of discovering meaningful new correlations, patterns, and trends by digging into (mining) large amounts of labour market information (LMI) stored in databases, using artificial-intelligence (AI) and statistical and mathematical techniques. For experimental purpose, a manpower predictive model will be …

Graph Theory, Job-Labour System And Manpower Planning, Kwai Wing Leung

International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA) Conference

People working in a community can be grouped into clusters of varying education/training background. Flowing of workers between groups is evident, with movement starting from birth and ending to death. Graph theory is applied to denote the system. Analogy to an electric circuit is referred for quick over-viewing and solution. Figures for manpower planning are predicted.

Adapting The System Of Continuing Vocational Education For The 3rd Industrial Revolution: Experiences From The Swedish Pilot Project With Ave, Mats Lindell

International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA) Conference

This paper analyses problems associated with adapting the system of continuing vocational education (CVT) to the rapidly changing Swedish labour market. The key question asked in the paper is how CVT is going to adapt to a labour market characterised by a growing ITeconomy. The paper also presents empirical data from the pilot project in Sweden called Advanced Vocational Education. AVE is a new form of post-secondary education designed to meet changing technology and skill requirements. The paper concludes that AVE is a step in the right direction in decreasing the gap between demand and supply.

Exhibit - Wku Compensation Study Report, W.F. Corroon Consultants

Board of Regents Documents

Study to address issues of internal fairness and market competitiveness of salaries for all non-faculty staff below the director level performed by W.F. Corroon Consultants.