Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Retrospective Evaluation Of Admissions For Chemotherapy-Inducednausea, Vomiting, And Dehydration, Katelin Van Leer Pharmad, Janine Barnaby Rph, Bcop

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Imports, Unionization And Racial Age Discrimination In The Us, Jacqueline Agesa, Richard U. Agesa

Economics Faculty Research

Past studies of the relationship between competition and racial wages find that domestic competition reduces racial wage discrimination of nonunion workers. This article examines the effects of foreign competition on racial wages of union and nonunion workers utilizing an empirical model which allows for cluster-adjusted SEs by industry. Such a procedure allows independence of observations across industries but not within industries, thereby not overstating the significance of industry invariant controls. In this analysis, clustered SEs prevent the overstatement of the significance of imports as a means to reduce earnings discrimination. We find evidence of a wage premium for nonunion white …

Robustness And Power Of The Kornbrot Rank Difference, Signed Ranks, And Dependent Samples T-Test, Norman Haidous

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

ROBUSTNESS AND POWER OF THE KORNBROT RANK DIFFERENCE, SIGNED RANKS, AND DEPENDENT SAMPLES T-TEST

by

NORMAN N. HAIDOUS

December 2012

Advisor:Dr. Shlomo S. Sawilowsky

Major:Evaluation and Research - Statistics

Degree:Doctor of Philosophy

The purpose of the study was to compare the power and accuracy of the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test in comparison to the rank difference test when the assumption of normality is not met, the data are ordinal, and the sample size is small. The study also investigated Kornbrot's (1990) claim that the rank difference test should be used over the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests "in all …

Aspirin But Not Ibuprofen Use Is Associated With Reduced Risk Of Prostate Cancer: A Plco Study, F. M. Shebl, L. C. Sakoda, A. Black, J. Koziol, G. L. Andriole, R. Grubb, T. R. Church, D. Chia, Cindy Zhou, +8 Additional Authors

GW Biostatistics Center

Background:

Although most epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, the magnitude and specificity of this association remain unclear.

Methods:

We examined self-reported aspirin and ibuprofen use in relation to prostate cancer risk among 29 450 men ages 55–74 who were initially screened for prostate cancer from 1993 to 2001 in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Men were followed from their first screening exam until 31 December 2009, during which 3575 cases of prostate cancer were identified.

Results:

After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) of …

Health Effects Associated With Foreclosure: A Secondary Analysis Of Hospital Discharge Data, Nancy Menzel, Sheniz Moonie, Melva V. Thompson-Robinson

Nursing Faculty Research

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the health effects of high home foreclosure rates in an area of the United States of America and the utility of hospital discharge data for this purpose. Methods. We analyzed hospital discharge data from three postal zip codes using the principal diagnosis for 25 Diagnostic Related Groups associated with stress. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize hospital discharge rates for each condition by year and zip code. To test for differences across time, the Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed. Results. Most conditions did not demonstrate a statistical change between …

Probability Of Identification: A Statistical Model For The Validation Of Qualitative Botanical Identification Methods, Robert A. Labudde, James M. Harnly

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

A qualitative botanical identification method (BIM) is an analytical procedure that returns a binary result (1 = Identified, 0 = Not Identified). A BIM may be used by a buyer, manufacturer, or regulator to determine whether a botanical material being tested is the same as the target (desired) material, or whether it contains excessive nontarget (undesirable) material. The report describes the development and validation of studies for a BIM based on the proportion of replicates identified, or probability of identification (POI), as the basic observed statistic. The statistical procedures proposed for data analysis follow closely those of the probability of …

The Quotient Of The Beta-Weibull Distribution, Nonhle Channon Mdziniso

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A new class of distributions recently developed involves the logit of the beta distribution. Among this class of distributions are, the beta-Normal (Eugene et al. [15]); beta-Gumbel (Nadarajah and Kotz [18]); beta-Exponential (Nadarajah and Kotz [19]); beta-Weibull (Famoye et al. [6]); beta-Rayleigh (Akinsete and Lowe [3]); beta-Laplace (Kozubowshi and Nadarajah [20]); and beta-Pareto (Akinsete et al. [4]), among a few others. Many useful statistical properties arising from these distributions and their applications to real life data have been discussed in literature. One approach by which a new statistical distribution is generated is by the transformation of random variables having known …

Internal Consistency Of The Self-Perception Profile For Children: Using Covariance Structure Modeling To Overcome The Limitations Of Cronbach's Α, Ian Cero

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Self-perception is linked to a variety of psychosocial outcomes and its measurement has become a priority across a several disciplines. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPP-C) is commonly utilized to measure both global self worth and several important sub-domains of self-perception. Although much research has suggested this instrument possesses good internal consistency, previous investigations have primarily employed Cronbach's α; to estimate the stability of responding across items. This represents an important limitation, as α; is vulnerable to mis-estimation in the presence of correlated errors and non-τ-equivalent indicators, neither of which have been ruled out for the SPP-C. The present investigation …

The Analysis Of Acute Stroke Clinical Trials With Responder Analysis Outcomes, Kyra Michelle Garofolo

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Traditionally in acute stroke clinical trials, the primary outcome has been a dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The mRS is a 7-point ordinal scale indicating a patient's level of disability following a stroke. Traditional analyses have used a fixed dichotomization scheme, which dichotomizes 'success' as an mRS of 0-1 or 0-2. This method fails to address the concern that stroke severity may impact the likelihood of a successful outcome; subjects with mild strokes may achieve the defined threshold for success more easily than subjects with severe strokes. Consequently, subjects are unable to contribute equally to the estimation of treatment effect. …

Measuring Human Rights: A Review Essay, David L. Richards

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Measuring Human Rights. By Todd Landman & Edzia Carvalho. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010. 163pp.

Equivalent Circuit Model Of Coaxial Probes For Patch Antennas, Y. S. Hu, Yanzhi Zhang, Jun Fan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

An equivalent circuit model of coaxial probes is derived directly from the intrinsic via circuit model. as all the higher-order evanescent modes have been included analytically in the parasitic circuit elements, only the propagating mode needs to be considered by the simplest uniform-current model of a coaxial probe in numerical solvers such as -nite element method (FEM) or -nite divergence time domain (FDTD). This avoids dense meshes or sub-gridding techniques and greatly reduces the computational efforts for accurate calculation of the probe input impedance. the derived equivalent circuit model and the new feeding technique have been validated by both analytical …

Various Characterizations Of Modified Weibull And Log Modified Distributions, Gholamhossein Hamedani

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Various characterizations of the well-known modified Weibull and log-modified Weibull distributions are presented. These characterizations are based on a simple relationship between two truncated moments; on the hazard function and on functions of the order statistics.

Grts And Graphs: Monitoring Natural Resources In Urban Landscapes, Todd R. Lookingbill, John Paul Schmit, Shawn L. Carter

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

Environmental monitoring programs are an important tool for providing land managers with a scientific basis for management decisions. However, many ecological processes operate on spatial scales that transcend management boundaries (Schonewald-Cox 1988). For example, adjacent lands may influence protected-area resources via edge effects, source-sink dynamics, or invasion processes (Jones et al. 2009). Hydrologic alterations outside management units also may have profound effects on the integrity of resources being managed (Pringle 2000). The impacts of climate change are presenting challenges to resource management at local-to-global scales (Karl et al. 2009). This potential disparity between ecological and political boundaries presents an interesting …

Entropic Priors : Corrections, New Observations And Applications, Tai Kaufmann

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Carlos C. Rodríguez [6] [7] has published a family of priors, so named (by John Skilling [4]) the Entropic Priors, that decay as a function of Kullback-Leibler divergence in order to encode a blend of proximity near a prior estimate, with uniformity over the hypothesis space of probability distributions. The asymmetry of the KL divergence gives rise to a continuum of Entropic Priors. Here we examine only the extreme cases, the 0- and 1-entropic priors, the former coinciding with the standard and convenient conjugage priors, but the latter being the unique optimizer of a simple notion of ignorance. The original …

Association Between Chemical Constituents Of Particulate Matter And Cardiovascular And Respiratory Morbidities In Nys, Rena Jones

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Improved understanding of health risks from short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) constituents may explain seasonal and geographic heterogeneity in PM_{2.5-health associations and inform control efforts targeting PM sources. Few studies have examined PM species health effects; most have been limited by their exposure assessments and modeling approaches. The goals of this project were to improve the PM exposure assessment and explore relationships between PM2.5 species and health in acute and chronic contexts.}

Poverty And Disability: A Vicious Circle? Evidence From Afghanistan And Zambia, Jean-Francois Trani, Mitchell M. Loeb

Brown School Faculty Publications

Disability and poverty have a complex and interdependent relationship. It is commonly understood that persons with disabilities are more likely to be poor and that poverty may contribute to sustaining disability. This interdependency is revealed not only through an examination of poverty in terms of income but also on a broader scale through other poverty related dimensions. Just how robust is this link? This paper compares data collected from household surveys in Afghanistan and Zambia, and explores the potential link between multidimensional poverty and disability. We find evidence of lower access to health care, education and labour market for people …

The Role Of Cd147 In Breast Cancer Progression, George Daniel Grass

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

In the U.S., approximately 40,000 women will die from breast cancer this year, while an additional 230,500 women will be newly diagnosed with invasive breast disease. Despite tremendous advancement leading to earlier detection and novel therapeutic approaches, recurrent metastatic breast cancer remains a major cause of mortality. Invasive breast cancer cells employ specialized actin-rich protrusions called invadopodia, which are enriched in proteases, to degrade the extracellular matrix and these structures correlate with metastasis in vivo. The multifunctional immunoglobulin superfamily protein emmprin (CD147) is highly enriched on the surface of malignant breast cancer cells and is associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) …

Characterizations Of Certain Continuous Univariate Distributions Based On The Conditional Distribution Of Generalized Order Statistics, M. Ahsanullah, Gholamhossein Hamedani

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The problem of characterizing probability distributions is an interesting problem which has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. Various characterization results have been established in different directions as reported in the literature. We present here, various characterizations of certain univariate continuous distributions based on the conditional distribution of generalized order statistics.

A Direct D-Bar Reconstruction Algorithm For Recovering A Complex Conductivity In 2d, Sarah J. Hamilton, C. N. L. Herrera, J. L. Mueller, A. Von Herrmann

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

A direct reconstruction algorithm for complex conductivities in W^{2, ∞}(Ω), where Ω is a bounded, simply connected Lipschitz domain in R² , is presented. The framework is based on the uniqueness proof by Francini (2000 Inverse Problems 6 107–19), but equations relating the Dirichlet-to-Neumann to the scattering transform and the exponentially growing solutions are not present in that work, and are derived here. The algorithm constitutes the first D-bar method for the reconstruction of conductivities and permittivities in two dimensions. Reconstructions of numerically simulated chest phantoms with discontinuities at the organ boundaries are included.

Modeling Temporal Pattern And Event Detection Using Hidden Markov Model With Application To A Sludge Bulking Data, Naveen K. Bansal, Xin Feng, Wenjing Zhang, Wutao Wi, Yuanhao Zhao

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

This paper discusses a method of modeling temporal pattern and event detection based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for a continuous time series data. We also provide methods for checking model adequacy and predicting future events. These methods are applied to a real example of sludge bulking data for detecting sludge bulking for a water plant in Chicago.

Intelligent Transportation System Real Time Traffic Speed Prediction With Minimal Data, Luana Georgescu, David Zeitler, Charles R. Standridge Ph.D.

Peer Reviewed Articles

Purpose: An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) must be able to predict traffic speed for short time intervals into the future along the branches between the many nodes in a traffic network in near real time using as few observed and stored speed values as possible. Such predictions support timely ITS reactions to changing traffic conditions such as accidents or volume-induced slowdowns and include re-routing advice and time-to-destination estimations.

Design/methodology/approach: Traffic sensors are embedded in the interstate highway system in Detroit, Michigan, USA, and metropolitan area. The set of sensors used in this project is along interstate highway 75 (I-75) southbound …

Student Fact Book, Fall 2012, Thirty-Sixth Annual Edition, Wright State University, Office Of Student Information Systems, Wright State University

Wright State University Student Fact Books

The student fact book has general demographic information on all students enrolled at Wright State University for Fall Quarter, 2012.

Alternatives To Mixture Model Analysis Of Correlated Binomial Data, N. Rao Chaganty, Roy Sabo, Yihao Deng

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

While univariate instances of binomial data are readily handled with generalized linear models, cases of multivariate or repeated measure binomial data are complicated by the possibility of correlated responses. Likelihood-based estimation can be applied by using mixture distribution models, though this approach can present computational challenges. The logistic transformation can be used to bypass these concerns and allow for alternative estimating procedures. One popular alternative is the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method, though systematic errors can lead to infeasible correlation estimates or nonconvergence problems. Our approach is the coupling of quasileast squares (QLSs) method with a rarely used matrix factorization, …

Protection By 20-5,14-Hedge Against Surgically-Induced Ischemia Reperfusion Lung Injury In Rats, Irshad Ali, Stephanie Gruenloh, Ying Gao, Anne V. Clough, John R. Falck, Meetha Medhora, Elizabeth R. Jacobs

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

We previously reported that the cytochrome P450 product 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid has prosurvival effects in pulmonary artery endothelial cells and ex vivo pulmonary arteries. We tested the potential of a 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid analog N-[20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z),14(Z)-dienoyl]glycine (20-5,14-HEDGE) to protect against lung ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Furthermore, we examined activation of innate immune system components, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in this model as well as the effect of 20-5,14-HEDGE on this signaling pathway.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 20-5,14-HEDGE or vehicle were subjected to surgically induced, unilateral lung ischemia for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion …

The Cumulative Impact Of Unemployment On Risks Of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Guangya Liu, Matthew E. Dupree, Linda K. George, Eric D. Peterson

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Employment instability is a major source of strain affecting an increasing number of adults in the United States. Little is known about the cumulative effect of multiple job losses and unemployment on the risks for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: We investigated the associations between different dimensions of unemployment and the risks for AMI in US adults in a prospective cohort study of adults (N=13 451) aged 51 to 75 years in the Health and Retirement Study with biennial follow-up interviews from 1992 to 2010. Unadjusted rates of age-specific AMI were used to demonstrate observed differences by employment status, …

The Analysis Of Image Feature Robustness Using Cometcloud, Xin Qi, Hyunjoo Kim, Fuyong Xing, Manish Parashar, David J. Foran, Lin Yang

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

The robustness of image features is a very important consideration in quantitative image analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the robustness of a range of image texture features using hematoxylin stained breast tissue microarray slides which are assessed while simulating different imaging challenges including out of focus, changes in magnification and variations in illumination, noise, compression, distortion, and rotation. We employed five texture analysis methods and tested them while introducing all of the challenges listed above. The texture features that were evaluated include co-occurrence matrix, center-symmetric auto-correlation, texture feature coding method, local binary pattern, and texton. Due …

Parsing The Relationship Between Baserunning And Batting Abilities Within Lineups, Ben S. Baumer, James Piette, Brad Null

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

A baseball team's offensive prowess is a function of two types of abilities: batting and baserunning. While each has been studied extensively in isolation, the effects of their interaction is not well understood. We model offensive output as a scalar function f of an individual player's batting and baserunning profile z. Each of these profiles is in turn estimated from Retrosheet data using heirarchical Bayesian models. We then use the SimulOutCome simulation engine as a method to generate values of f(z) over a fine grid of points. Finally, for each of several methods of taking the extra base, we graphically …

Mathematical Analysis Of The Problems Faced By The People With Disabilities (Pwds), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, A. Praveen Prakash

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The authors in this book have analyzed the socio-economic and psychological problems faced by People with Disabilities (PWDs) and their families. The study was made by collecting data using both fuzzy linguistic questionnaire / by interviews in case they are not literates from 2,15,811 lakhs people. This data was collected using the five Non Government Organizations (NGOs) from northern Tamil Nadu. Now any reader would be interested to know whether the Tamils (natives of Tamil Nadu) had ever spoken about people with disability. Even before 2000 years tamils had heroic poetry Purananuru (28th poem) about the war fare methods. In …

Analysis Of Binary Data Via Spatial-Temporal Autologistic Regression Models, Zilong Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Statistics

Spatial-temporal autologistic models are useful models for binary data that are measured repeatedly over time on a spatial lattice. They can account for effects of potential covariates and spatial-temporal statistical dependence among the data. However, the traditional parametrization of spatial-temporal autologistic model presents difficulties in interpreting model parameters across varying levels of statistical dependence, where its non-negative autocovariates could bias the realizations toward 1. In order to achieve interpretable parameters, a centered spatial-temporal autologistic regression model has been developed. Two efficient statistical inference approaches, expectation-maximization pseudo-likelihood approach (EMPL) and Monte Carlo expectation-maximization likelihood approach (MCEML), have been proposed. Also, Bayesian …

Evaluating Retention In Medical Care And Its Impact On The Health Outcomes Of Individuals Living With Human Inmmunodeficiency Virus, Timothy N. Crawford

Theses and Dissertations--Epidemiology and Biostatistics

In the last few years, engagement in medical care among individuals living with HIV has become a major priority among HIV medical providers and public health researchers. Engagement in medical care is an important concept as it involves the process of linking newly diagnosed individuals into medical care and retaining those individuals in care throughout the course of their infection. Although there have been major advances in the management of HIV, like the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, morbidity and mortality due to HIV cannot be fully reduced if the individual does not optimally retain in care. Retention in …